Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns
...terferons. Through Janus kinase/signal transducers and transcription activators pathway, interferon induces the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), responsible for playing an essential and decisive role in the virus pathology. Some studies have already reported the overexpression of these genes against IBDV infection in susceptible cells. The protection ability of ISGs to safeguard chicken cells against the virus could be potentially applied f...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...ations.
...
Chuanpeng Zhou1, Heizhao Lin2,*, Zhong Huang2, Jun Wang1, Yun Wang1 and Wei Yu2
...5). The hepatic pyruvate kinase activity peaked 6 h after oral administration in both doses of glucose groups and thereafter started to decrease 24 h after oral administration. While the hepatic PEPCK and G6Pase activities decreased 9 h after oral administration in both doses of glucose groups and then returned to the level at 0 h (P<0.05). These results suggested that glucose oral administration resulted in prolonged hyperglycemia and high level of ...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1, Mazhar Saeed Chaudry2, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4,*
...v>Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) mediated or Ras/PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR is one of the major effector pathways in the pathogenesis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Binding of growth factors/ mitogen/cytokine or interleukin to EGFR leads to Ras induced RAF-MAPK cascade activation. PTEN protein is involved in the negative regulation of PI3K pathway. Mutations in upstream kinases, growth factor receptors or intrinsic member...
Jie Yang
... extracellular-regulated kinase were detected. Finally, data analysed statistically to determine significantly differences among groups. Results showed that breakpoint cluster 2 was a direct target of miR-16, and the expression was negatively correlated. Moreover, miR-16 promoted apoptosis suppressing breakpoint cluster 2 through phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase. The study validates miR-16 as a tumour suppre...
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1 and Shahneela Nusrat1
...rinolytic enzymes streptokinase (SK) is commonly used in the world to cure heart diseases because its low cost and efficacy. It’s a microbial origin enzyme produced especially by Streptococcus bacterial spp. Therefore, it is antigenic in nature due to microbial source which restricts its use. However, it is necessary to truncate antigenic regions present in the SK gene for the removal of streptokinase antigenicity. The...
Yan Xu1, Jia Zhou1, Guangfu Lv2, Yuexin Liu1, Xintong Zhao1, Xin Li1, Doudan Ye2, Xiaobo Qu1,* and Xiaowei Huang1*
...DH) leakage and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level were used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis, and immunofluorescence was used to detect Bax and Bcl-2 expression. The protein levels of TGF-β/ Smad / ERK signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. We found that PAP significantly increased cell viability after DOX-induced injury, reduced LDH, CK-MB levels, up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and down-regulate...
Neelam Pery*, Nayab Batool Rizvi, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq
...available small molecule kinase inhibitors and ‘Tofacitinib’, the first FDA approved Janus kinase inhibitor, invaded the market. The success of ‘Tofacitinib’ has switched on the myriad efforts for more efficacious and safe inhibitors. Here we report the in-Silico development of novel 1, 7-dihydrodipyrrolo[2,3-b:3’,2’-e]pyridine -3-carboxamide derivatives as JAK3 inhibitors with pred...
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
...ementary pathways. Janus kinase and bruton’s tyrosine kinase regulates a number of T-cell and B-cell mediated signaling pathways ranging from cytokine expression and antibody production to the bone resorption and cartilage destruction. We propose a dual trap to control this pathogenesis in the form of dual JAK3/BTK inhibitor. Using the computer-aided drug designing techniques, we developed dual JAK3 and BTK inhibitors ...
Guan-bao Ning1, Sheng Niu1, Yue-jian Li1,2, Xiao-xiao Lu1,3, Shi-xiong Yang1, Ali-Raza Jahejo1, Ding Zhang1, Wei-fang Hao4, Wen-wei Gao1, Yu-jun Zhao1, Jian-hui Li1, Fang Yan1, Rong-kun Gao1, Yu-hai Bi1,5, Wen-xia Tian1* and Ling-xia Han6*
...itogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway were involved in the response to MDV infection. The expression levels of all most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in these four pathways were upregulated significantly at 14 and 22 dpi, indicating that the immune responses of erythrocytes were induced by MDV. This study...
Dabeeran Zehra1, Zahida Memon1, Shumaila Usman2,*, Almas Jabeen3, Kauser Ismail1 and Rehan Ahmed Siddiqui2
...ify;">Sorafenib, a multi kinase inhibitor, is the only FDA approved drug designed to target advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, unbearable side effects, insufficient efficacy and resistance mechanisms against this drug, generates necessity to develop novel therapeutic strategies and drugs. Recently macrolides have drawn attention of researchers in the treatment of cancer owing to their proposed chemotherapeutic role, based on the concept of repur...
Doaa Sh. Mohamed1, Nema S. Shaban2 , Mai M. Labib3, Olfat Shehata4
Dwi Budiono1,5, Ratih Rinendyaputri2, Ariyani Noviantari2, Mokhamad Fahrudin3, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari4, Vista Budiariati1,6, Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi1,3, Noer Muhamad Dliyaul Haq1, Arief Boediono3*
...ion of glycogen synthase kinase 3. The purpose of this study was to increase the blastocyst rate and quality of parthenogenetic embryos as a source of pESC primary colonies. Fertilized embryos as positive control group. Diploid parthenogenetic embryos were divided into three treatment groups: CHIR99021 0 mmol/l, CHIR99021 0.003 mmol/l, and CHIR99021 0.01 mmol/l. The embryonic stem cell (ESC) primary colonies were cultured from blastocyst stage embryos. The res...
Wei Cui1, Yanwei Du1, Lijuan Jiang1, Yan Wei1, Yuguo Li1, Wenfeng Zhang1* and Ling Zhang2*
...phosphatidyl inositol 3- kinase), p-AKT (phosphorylated protein kinase B) and Bcl-2 decreased in model and HG group, while the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, and Cleaved Caspase-3 increased. After BHD intervention, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Bcl-2 expression increased, while Bax, Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3 expression decreased. In conclusion, BHD may play a protective role on diabetic hippocampal neurons by regulating mitochondria r...
Tao Ren1, Guiqiu Cao2, Xiao Han3, Feng Tan1, Qiaoli Chen4, Shicheng Yang5 and Haiyan Zhang6*
...ameters such as creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine, troponin-T (TRT), cholesterol, C - reactive protein (CRP), and concentration of mitochondrial enzymes viz., Ca2+, Na+ and K+ ions were estimated in blood. Heart tissue was also isolated for caspase-3 activity. Our result showed that naringenin pretreatment significantly increased cardiac dysfunction via scavenged free radicals and a r...
Afifa Yaqub1, Mehroze Amin1, Qindeel Fatima1, Rabail Hassan Toor1,3, Saira Aftab1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
...of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα2), RNA polymerase II transcription elongation factor (ELL2), and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3-only protein (BIM) in MCF-7 breast cancer and normal human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell lines were studied in response to treatment with different concentrations of UNC0642. Inhibition of G9a expression was observed in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines with increasing UNC0642 concentrations. A dose-dependent dow...
Saydat Saad Abd El-Megeed1, Walaa Yehia El-Sayed1*, Tarek Khamis2
...ellular signal-regulated kinases 1 (ERK1). On the other hand, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) –γ, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), PPAR-α, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in pancreatic homogenate, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in pancreatic homogenate which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. Th...
Jinzhao He1, Pengfei Feng2, Junqi Qin2, Yun Teng1, Xu Luo2*, Zigui Chen1*, Huawei Ma2* and Dayan Zhou1
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Amer Jamil1 and Faiz Ahmad Joyia2
...-align: justify;">Streptokinase is a fibrinolytic enzyme produced from various bacterial species especially beta hemolytic Streptococci. Among these beta hemolytic strains the Streptococcus equisimilis is being used for industrial streptokinase production. It has 414 amino acids globular chain with 47000 D molecular weight. The fibrinolytic drug is comparatively cheap as compared to all other fibrinolytic drugs. It is the dr...
Hongfeng Guo
...he expressions ofprotein kinase B (Akt), Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. According to our findings after drug treatment, the body weight and respiratory ventilation of mice returned to normal level compared with the intermittent hypoxia group. Compared with the blank control group, after intermittent hypoxia, the contents of MDA, SOD and PGE in the lower respiratory tract of SD mice were significantly lower than those in the normal air group (P<...
Caiping Duan
...rogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that compared with the control group, the low-dose propofol group had increased NO, decreased ET-1 and cTnT contents (P<0.05), and high-dose propofol group had further increased NO and further decreased ET- 1 and cTnT contents compared with low-dose propofol group (P<0.05). Compared with the control...
Ayesha Ahsan1, Rabia Arif2*, Samina Nazir1, Muhammad Saleem2 and Memunna G. Shahid1
Zhe Lin1, Yumo Li1, Yuchen Wang1, Yuechen Li1, Ke Pei1, Guangfu Lv2, He Lin1* and Zhun Yu3*
...itogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thus promote the normalization of acute stress. This study revealed the possible mechanism of OR as a potential material for the treatment of acute stress-related problems, and laid a foundation for the further development and utilization of OR....
Fathin Faahimaah Abdul Hamid1, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan1*, Jasni Sabri1 , Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah2,Mohammed Naji Odhah1, Nur Athirah Binti Abdul Manaf1, Mohd Jefri Norsidin2 , Siti Nor Che Yahya1, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman1, Nur Zul Izzati Mohd Rajdi1
...ld increment in creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, and gamma glutaryl transferase however there were increased lactate dehydrogenase levels post-infection with Mannheimia haemolytica (p<0.05). In conclusion, oxytetracycline and flunixin meglumine treatments does not have a great influence on the parameters evaluated in goats experimentally induced with Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia. ...
Xiaowei Huang1, Chao Ma1, He Lin1, Yuchen Wang1, Yan Xu1, Guangfu Lv2* and Zhe Lin1*
...c factor (BDNF), trosine kinase B (TrkB) and cyclic adenosine monophosphatec response element binding protein (CREB) in hippocampus were detected by western blotting. The results showed that, OR could significantly reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT in serum and improve the damage of hippocampal structure, and increase the expression levels of GR, MR, BDNF, TrkB and CREB in hippocampus. In conclusion, Oviductus ranae can reduce hypothalamic-pituitary-ad...
Lianci He1, Dingxi Bai2, Chenxi Wu2, Yizhu Zhong2, Shi Chen2, Xinru Bao2, Jing Gao2*, Chaoming Hou2*
... factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), TAB, IκB kinase (IKKα), IκBα, NF-κBp65 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the serum were measured. Compared with the CON group, the CFS group had decreased weight and decreased activity and mobility (P < 0.05). Compared with the CFS group, the three SXC groups and the FLU group all had varying levels of increased body weight, horizontal motion, vertical motion a...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Amina Arif1 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2*
...ed with BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Within interacellular system, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to antioxidant (AOX) defense systems lead to oxidative stress (OS). Our study aimed at biochemical profiling of CML patients in response to imatinib or nilotinib therapeutic drugs. Fresh venous blood sample (10 mL) of 170 CML diagnosed patients and 10 healthy individuals was collected in heparin vial from oncology depar...
Saad Tahir, Nadeem Ahmed*, Mohsin Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Akram, Rabia Abbas and Kausar Malik
...-align: justify;">Streptokinase (SK) is a thrombolytic and fibrinolytic protein (47kDa), naturally produced by beta-hemolytic streptococci. Purified SK is used for many blood circulatory complications, i.e., myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism. In this study, human albumin fusion technology has been developed to increase the half-life in-vivo and also invoke less immune response. We designed codon-optimized HSA-SK fusion gene, integra...
Zhipeng Song1,2, Jialiang Xin1,3, Xiaoli Wei1,2, Abula Zulipiya1,3, Kadier Kedireya1,2 and Xinmin Mao1,3*
...(FN) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), and upregulating the level of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker. Molecular docking results showed that marein could integrate with VEGFA, PI3K and SYK, and the resulting conjugate was more potent than the positive drug metformin. Among the above factors, the combination effect of SYK and marein was the most ideal. To conclude marein can improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice after a treatment period, ...
Hui Fang*, Kai Xue and Teng Yang
Ying Chen1, Chao-Zheng Li2, Zhun Yu3, Jia Zhou4, Yan Xu4, Zhe Lin4, He Lin4* and Xiao-Wei Huang4*
...enase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzymes in serum, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in myocardial tissue were detected by ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin (HandE) staining was used to detect the histological changes of rat myocardium. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the protein expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-...
Shu-Zhi Qin, Wen-Pei Ling, Mei-Fang Yin, Chun-Yu Luo and Cheng-Guo Zhao*
...itogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) is an important signal pathway involved in cardiomyocyte injury. To investigate the protective effect of paeoniflorin (PF) on hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) injury and its effect on MAPK signal pathway to reveal the mechanism of PF against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, in this study, the H/R model of H9C2 cells was established by hypoxia for 3 h and reoxygenation for 3 h. H9C2 cells were divided into 4 groups, the...
Xiao-Wei Huang1,2, Mei-Li Liu1, Jin-Ji Wang1, Yue-Xin Liu3, Zhe Lin1, Chun-Shu Rong4* and Ji-Xiang Ren4*
...ls of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the hippocampus were detected through western blotting. In the results, VAP contained 17 kinds of AA, including 7 essential AA, with a content of 394.08 g/kg, the total AA content was 831.55 g/kg. In the OFT, the PIR, VAPH and VAPL groups showed significant decreases in slient period, significant increases in exercise t...
Dan Song1,2, Ming-Juan Ge3, Jie Li1,2, Yi Jiang1, Xiu-Mei Kong1, Jiao-Jiao Xu1, Xu Ji1,2, Rui-Xin Shi1 and Qin Zhao1,2*
...2+-Mg2+-ATPase, pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) in mice brain were evaluated. In the results, G. straminea ethanol extract markedly enhanced hypoxia tolerance in mice. It attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels (in liver and brain), and elevating SOD (in liver and brain), T-AOC and CAT (in liver). Furthermore, pre-treatment with G. straminea ethanol extracts significantly increas...
Yi Zhao1,2,3, Lei Luo1,2, Liqi Tan4, Jianhua Huang1,2, Dongliang Liu1,2,5, Shigui Jiang1,2 and Lishi Yang1,2*
...emperature, the pyruvate kinase activity in the hepatopancreas and gill tissues of crayfish was gradually increased, and the fatty acid synthase activity at 10°C and 30°C were significantly lower than the control group of 25°C. Furthermore, lysozyme, catalase and superoxide dismutase in 10 °C and 30 °C were significantly lower than that of 25 °C. ELISA revealed that HSP90 activities was enhanced with the increasing temperature in hepato...
Zhengfei Wang1*, Chenchen Shen1,2, Yiping Zhang1, Dan Tang1,3, Yaqi Luo1, Yaotong Zhai1, Yayun Guan1, Yue Wang1 and Xinyu Wang1
...odulin-dependent protein kinase II and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. As a whole, our study laid a solid foundation for further functional elucidations of olfactory molecular mechanism in Procambarus clarkii, and provided further insight for a better understanding of olfaction molecular mechanism in crustaceans....
Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*
...f nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon), NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha), NFKBIE (NF-kappa-B inhibitor epsilon), Interferon Alpha (IFN-α), cMGF (chicken myelomonocytic growth factor), and TRAF6 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) in chicken erythrocytes infected with M. synoviae using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at four different time intervals (0, 2, 6 and 10 h) post-infection and compared to uninfected controls. T...
Peixia Yu1*, Lijun Bo2 and Xueyin Song1
...ctivity, creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI). The total apoptotic cardiomyocytes, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bax protein and mRNA expression were detected in the myocardial ischemia (MI) region. The HR and the MAP of the Fen group exceeded that of the I/R group, while the LVDP and ±dp/dtmax were approximate to the basic values. The MDA concentrations and CK-MB values of the Fen group went down and the SOD activity went up ...
Shamsa Jabeen and Javed Iqbal Qazi*
...lign: justify;">Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are myosin heavy chain associated molecules which do not have the capacity to cross muscle cell membrane under normal conditions. Their increase in serum concentration have been used as indicators for muscle damage. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus administration on CK and LDH levels in the serum of mice following extensor digitorium longus (...
TAHIR IQBAL1, 2, UMER RASHID1* & MUHAMMAD IDREES3, 4
...Pak naHEV) strain with a kinase 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophos-phokinase (HPPK) which participates in folate biosynthesis in bacteria. This finding is in agreement with the role of ORF3P as multifunctional protein modulating host cell signaling and gene expression to promote viral replication during infection....
Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi
...nclude creatinine phosphokinase, C- reactive protein and troponin and histology of heart and aorta in intact and ovariectomized rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged seven to eight weeks, were employed in this investigation. The animals were split up evenly into the following four groups: The intact rabbits in Group One (G1) were given distilled water. The intact rabbits in Group Two (G2) were given an oral dose of alpha lipoic acid (10 mg/kg B.wt). The ovariectomized...
Jinzhao Li1, Yawen Zhang2, Binghan Jia1, Yuqiong Zhao1, Huijuan Luo1, Xiaojie Ren1, Yuan Li3, Xiaoyan Bai1, Jing Ye3 and Junping Li1*
...u, P-Ser404-tau, protein kinase C (PKC), p38 MAPK (p38), p-p38 MAPK (p-p38) and µ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the colonic samples. The gene sequencing approach was used to detect alternatively spliced tau isoforms in the distal colonic muscle layer. Sequencing analysis revealed that 3 isoforms of tau, namely 2N4R, 1N4R and 0N4R were expressed in the distal colonic myocardium tissue. OIC rats had small, dry and hard feces, and intestinal propulsion velocit...
Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3
...(LDL-C), creatine phosphokinase, and serum minerals were notably reduced in exposed workers compared to unexposed counterparts. Prolonged pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated production of free radicals and alterations in antioxidant defense enzymes. Comet assay analysis detected DNA damage in pesticide-exposed workers, correlated with increased age and duration of exposure. In conclusion, pesticides elicit oxidative stress and le...
Sana Eijaz, Asmat Salim* and Mohammad Anwar Waqar
...-1B), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase B (PKB), and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1) and protein kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) genes and on different adipokines level. Wister rats were used to develop type 2 diabetes using high fat diet and streptozotocin and treated with the extracts. Glucose level and body weight was ...
King Hei Ip
...nterferons via the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway, resulting in the transcription and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Bats and humans share some common ISGs but with some structural and genomic differences, impacting the ability for bats and humans to respond to viral infections. Also, there are fundamental differences in the bat and human innate immunity other than ISGs, including inflammasome activat...
