Kathryne E. Taylor1 and Karen L. Mossman1,2*
Ryan T. Cragun1*, Joseph H. Hammer2, Michael Nielsen3
Ummara Waheed Khan, Raza Ahmed, Irum Shahzadi and Mohmmad Maroof Shah
Email | [email protected]
...eration offered new dimensions of research to improve important crop species including wheat. The tissue culture by itself has increased the crop improvement potential to develop new cultivars with desirable traits through somaclonal and gametoclonal selection. While successful tissue culture is critical for genetic transformation, it has been facing greater impediments in wheat and related crop species. Its success depends largely upo...
Mariano Gastón Asla
...velopment of a practical dimension, i.e. the active pursuit of life and signs of intelligence in the outer space. My goal in this article is twofold. First, in a practical level, I will explore some arguments in favor of the scientific interest regarding the search of extraterrestrial life. Second, from a theoretical perspective, I will present some examples that show the philosophical value of the extraterrestrial intelligence fiction as a mental experiment o...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Sara Ferrando2, Lorenzo Gallus2 and Abdul Ghaffar3
... control) of approximate dimensions, 13.72 m × 10.97 m × 1.52 m (229 m3). In treated ponds, fish were fed with artificial diet (protein 42%, lipid 20% and energy 25.2 kJ g-1) for 120 days in three equal meals. On the other hand, control ponds remained without additives. During the whole study period, water quality parameters of the experimental ponds remained as salinity (15‰ -20‰), dissolved oxygen (5.6 to 7.5ml...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
... were examined using two dimensional geometric morphometrics approach. A total of 21 landmarks described the dorsal side of the skull and lateral side of the mandible. Individual variation in skull and mandible morphology was statistically significant for the shape (p<0.01). Sexual dimorphism as main effect was highly significant for the dorsal skull shape and the mandible shape and size (p<0.01). The comparison of mandible mean shapes using discriminant...
John G. Bruno
...ptamers were observed, 3-dimensional computer models of these top ten anti-idiotypic aptamer candidates showed some topological similarities which suggest common binding motifs. Unfortunately, without knowledge of the hypervariable region amino acid sequences of the target antibodies, no docking simulations are possible to test this topological hypothesis, but the present work illustrates feasibility of the approach and paves the way for more sophisticated ana...
Pei-feng Yin1,2,Xiu-xiu Li1,Qi-wei Zeng3, Cheng-chen Shen1, Le Gao1 andJian-zhang Ton2,*
.../i> popcorn disease, Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) and bioinformatics technique were used for characterize the differential expressed proteins. Almost 78 patho-stress responsive proteins which expression level more than 1.5-fold were identified, where 50 proteins were up-regulated and 28 proteins were down-regulated; The identified proteins were ca...
Shaista Naz* and Noor Paio Khan
...mportant due to its multidimensional contributions at the household level. To highlight the contributions of livestock at household level the present study is conducted in Mohmand Agency of Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan. The study used a dataset of 323 households collected through face to face interviews from women respondents. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, percentages and rank orders. The results revea...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang*
...ecture (length, internal dimensions, fractal dimension of tunnel systems, number of nesting chambers and surface holes) by excavating the tunnels of 24 burrow systems of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Pikas have two types of burrow systems, namely temporary and permanent burrows. The number of surface holes and length of tunnels were significantly different between the temporary and permanent burrows. Tunnel w...
Zehra Mohsin1*, Sarah Shahed2 and Talat Sohail2
...c information form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Supportand Professional Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Two demographic variables, age and experience had significant positive correlation with compassion fatigue, r =.252, n=160, p <.01 and r =.256, n=160, p <.01 respectively. Other demographic variables i.e. working hours and monthly income had no significant relationship with the subscales of Profession...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...ificantly healthier body dimensions. Higher family income, female gender and greater meal satisfaction was found to be associated with better biochemical indices. Most participants reported partial compliance to GFD. Compliant participants reported an increased consumption of junk food whereas, non-compliant patients, consumed significantly higher intakes of meat and fat. Regular intake of carbonated beverages, packaged juices and tea by the participants was a...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khuram Sharjeel1, Raheel Babar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Qamar Iqbal3, Rabia Rasheed1 and Nosheen Fatima1
...on officers and top-down dimension of planning of implementation of extension approaches were main weaknesses. The steps like effective evaluation of extension system, use of democratic nature extension approaches, and training facilities to EFS could improve working efficiency of Extension Field Staff and extension approaches thereby. ...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
...lication. By using three dimensional structure of the NS2B-NS3, an allosteric site has been identified in the protein. Moreover, the identified site is used for structure-based virtual screening. After screening 100,000 compounds, 14 compounds are selected, which fulfilled different already established drug likeliness parameters such as rule of five and nontoxic nature. These 14 compounds are used for pharmacophore modeling, and Zinc natural compounds database...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabayasachi Pal2, Amit Singh2, Ashok Dhananjaybhai Patel3, Bhagubhai Ambaram Patel3, Tushar Manohar Ghule2 and Victor Phani1
...sy detection, diagnosis, dimension of damages on citrus, and Bt-cotton under Indian conditions.
...
Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5
...mers about the different dimensions of agriculture LD with the construction of LD index. For achieving this primary data was collected by proportionate random sampling techniques form 90 sampled farmers through face to face interview survey method by filling a questionnaire. Farmer’s perceptions on agriculture LD were measured through the extent of severity scale in terms of LD dimensions and indicators resulted from w...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...e spline, UPGMA and Multidimensional Scaling were used. The results showed that there had significant differences in skull shapes of centroid size in Eothenomys. Orbital cavity and alveolar region had significant differences in intraspecific skulls, some differences were shown in interspecific skulls, such as the point between the anterior tip of suture nasal and premaxilla, anterior tip of suture between nasal and premaxilla, anterior and posterior mos...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,2, Azhar Qayum3, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Naif Awdh Al-Maliki4, Abdulaziz Alamri4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,5,*
...netic variants and three-dimensional structure of mutant proteins were built by Swiss-Model and were further subjected to structural alignment and stability studies by I-Mutant Suite and DUET server. Both variants were predicted as ‘disease causing’ and protein stability analysis revealed p.G138V to be more destabilizing variant than p.E31K. When three-dimensional structures of variants were subjected to molecula...
Nazia Qamar* and Sher Khan Panhwar
...3−0.9. The otolith dimensions such as length, height, weight were plotted against fish body parameters length and weights. The regression models estimate for otolith dimensions and fish body parameters estimates can be useful for studies on population structure of five important carangids species.
...
Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5
...ustify;">Poverty is multidimensional and presents a great threat to achieving the targets of the “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs) across the world. This study makes contribution to the ongoing debate regarding capability, social exclusion, and participatory approaches as measuring strategies for farm poverty. This study was designed to develop a new methodological framework to measure multidimensional pover...
Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1
...pital (index value 0.59) dimensions. It was found that foreign remittance is the most popular livelihood strategy (29% of households’ main source of income) in the district. Apart from this, livelihood strategies are fairly diverse in different tehsils (sub-divisions) of the district. Results of Multinomial Logit Model demonstrate that human capital has the strongest positive role to enable households to enter into more rewarding livelihood strategies. S...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
...aluate inequality in uni-dimensional and multidimensional spectrum in agro-climatic zones of Punjab and their representative districts by using cross sectional data of HIES/PSLM of last 10 years from 2005-2006 to 2015-16. By developing an axiomatic framework 3 most widely used inequality measures (Gini-coefficient, Atkinson Measure and Generalized Entropy Index) have been estimated for uni-dimension<...
Ke Zhang1, Shuai Liu2, Qiu Chen1, Yu Wang1, Li Liu1, Bingjie Li1, Kai Ma1, Xiaoya Wei1, Aijun Li3 and Junyan Li2*
... tick antigens using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by western blot analysis (WB) with artificial antiserum. A total of 105 Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis) ticks were selected to prepare protein samples. Some of them were used for 2-DE, and the others were used to immunize mice to collect tick antiserum for WB. Then, 2-DE followed by WB and MALDI-TOF was carried out to screen and identify tick antigens. We identifi...
Ayesha Iqbal1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Ayesha Iqbal1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Ameen1
...died specimen has larger dimensions for various parameters than the European and Japanese wild boar. The smaller cranial and mandibular values in Eurasian and Japanese wild boar may be attributed to some evolutionary, climaticor hunting pressures.
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
...nd a comparison of three-dimensional protein structures. The N gene ORF was 1578 nucleotide long with a single open reading frame encoding 526 amino acids. Similarly, the ORF of F gene was 1641 nucleotide long which encoded 547 amino acids. Upon phylogenetic analysis of the country isolates with the vaccine strains, it was revealed that isolates were clustered within lineage IV (Asian Lineage) closer to Indian isolates. On the other hand, a number of substitut...
Feroz Shah1, Mohammad A. Irfan1, Kareem Akhtar1, Abdul Shakoor1, Naeem Khan2
EFFECT OF POROSITY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DIE CAST ALUMINUM ENGINE BLOCK
...rength.
The three-dimensional porosity of an AA 384.1 engine block was analyzed through computed tomography (CT) scan.
Samples from thick and thin sections within the engine block were analyzed to investigate the effect of different
cooling rates. Volumetric porosity for thin sections was within the range of 0.0875% to 0.15% while that for the thick
sections it was 0.24% to 0.35%. Mechanical properties of the samples with thin secti...
The three-dimensional porosity of an AA 384.1 engine block was analyzed through computed tomography (CT) scan.
Samples from thick and thin sections within the engine block were analyzed to investigate the effect of different
cooling rates. Volumetric porosity for thin sections was within the range of 0.0875% to 0.15% while that for the thick
sections it was 0.24% to 0.35%. Mechanical properties of the samples with thin secti...
Murad Ullah Khan1*, S. Zuhra2, M. Alam3, R. Nawaz4
SOLUTION TO BERMAN’S MODEL OF VISCOUS FLOW IN POROUS CHANNEL BY OPTIMAL HOMOTOPY ASYMPTOTIC METHOD
...l
is based on two-dimensional, steady, incompressible viscous fluids that flow through the permeable channel with wall
suction/Injection. The solution of this model is semi-analytically computed by optimal Homotopy asymptotic technique
(OHAM). Reynolds number is based on Suction or injection through the wall, so for different values of Reynolds, we
obtained different types of semi-analytic solutions by OHAM. ...
is based on two-dimensional, steady, incompressible viscous fluids that flow through the permeable channel with wall
suction/Injection. The solution of this model is semi-analytically computed by optimal Homotopy asymptotic technique
(OHAM). Reynolds number is based on Suction or injection through the wall, so for different values of Reynolds, we
obtained different types of semi-analytic solutions by OHAM. ...
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1
CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...the fabrication of three dimensional cell scaffolds, femtosecond laser irradiation at 800nm was used for
biomedical applications. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex laser system consisting of a seed laser and a regenerative amplifie...
biomedical applications. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex laser system consisting of a seed laser and a regenerative amplifie...
Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar1, Zulfiqar Ali Chaudary2, M.Tousif Bhatti3, Daulat Khan
EVALUATION OF AIR VENTS AND RAMP ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ORIFICE SPILLWAY AERATORS
...g
conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efficient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn)
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
improvement in the performance of aerator with the increase of air vent size. However, the ramp initially improved
the performance of the aerator but at hig...
conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efficient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn)
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
improvement in the performance of aerator with the increase of air vent size. However, the ramp initially improved
the performance of the aerator but at hig...
Salman Saeed*, Akhtar Naeem Khan**, Rashid Rehan*, Sikandar Hayat Sajid**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam*, Khan Shahzada**
COST AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PRECAST POST TENSIONED PRE-STRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES
...ab and girders using one dimensional
beam line analysis and AASHTO LRFD distribution factors. The spread sheet also calculates the overall cost of the
bridge superstructure. This spreadsheet is then used to perform a parametric study by iterating through all design
parameters. It is shown that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the cost and performance of bridge superstructure
are not necessarily competing factors. Relationships for ...
beam line analysis and AASHTO LRFD distribution factors. The spread sheet also calculates the overall cost of the
bridge superstructure. This spreadsheet is then used to perform a parametric study by iterating through all design
parameters. It is shown that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the cost and performance of bridge superstructure
are not necessarily competing factors. Relationships for ...
Numan Ahmad, Shahid Bashirand Shahid Rauf
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...IMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 has been proposed which is smaller than most of other MIMO antennas designed for UWB. Impedance bandwidth for the proposed MIMO antenna is 2.9-11.1GHz with -10dB refection coefficient and isolation better than -16.5dB in the total Ultra Wide band is achieved. ...
Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****
DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...1” considering the dimensions
of loaded trucks tires and AASHTO specification. The thickness is taken as 1” as the deflection produced
by the heaviest truck tire was less than 0.5”. General purpose strain gages were installed on front and back side
of each plate in full wheat stone bridge form and were connected to Data acquisition system (DAQ) to record deflection.
Lab calibration was carried o...
Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...div>
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1
dataset show that Hamming distance algorithm is more suitable for the classification (with average accuracy of
93.85 %) of iris patterns.
...
Numan Ahmad1, Shahid Bashir1*, Shahid Rauf1
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...IMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 has been proposed which is smaller than
most of other MIMO antennas designed for UWB. Impedance bandwidth for the proposed MIMO antenna is 2.9-
11.1GHz with -10dB refection coefficient and isolation better than -16.5dB in the total Ultra Wide band is achieved.
...
M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*
INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...three equations; the one dimensional equation of motion (momentum-equation) and the flow and sediment-continuity equations. All the three equations are partial differential equations and may be solved by the finite difference method. Numerical models can be used for this purpose. SETRIC model has been used in this paper. The sediment deposition and erosion in time and space along the canal has been simulated. The relevant data were obtained from Punjab Irrigat...
Usman Ghani*, Naeem Ijaz* and Daulat Khan**
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
...y is based on three dimensional numerical simulation of overbank flows in meandering channels. Four different flow cases were considered. The cases vary from each other in the sense of bed slope and overbank flow depth. There were two overbank flow depths for each bed slope. In this study a rectangular main channel flanked by floodplains on both sides has been considered. The simulation was carried out by solving 3D continuity and Reynolds&...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...Food security is a multi-dimensional phenomenon having four pillars like availability of food, access to food, utilization of food and stability of food, where each pillar consist of several indicators. This study have two main objectives; computation of food security various dimensions indices and a composite food security index and exploring the link between trade liberalization and food security various
Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman
Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
...stan) and highlight such dimensions which contribute to the success. Instrument used for survey was built on quality engineering and management system elements. Study has yielded key outcomes which highlight that social dimension in use to practice SS in both of countries like behaviors and quality roles were varied. Moreover, results obtained from regression analysis display that there are also differences between the criti...
Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1
Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
... is one of the important dimension stones used for verity of purposes including exterior and interior decoration of buildings. Leading countries in the production and export of marble including China, Italy, India, Spain, Brazil and US etc., have developed their marble sectors on scientific grounds by applying modern techniques. Pakistan also hosts huge reserves of different qualities of marble but this sector could not developed to the international standards...
Delower Hossain1,5, Shuvo Singha2,5, Chelsea Marie Van Thof3, Sanna Gough3 and AHM Musleh Uddin4,5*
Effect of Somatic Cells on Milk Quality and Human Health
...he milk quality. Broadly dimension of SCs of milk well represents the comfort and welfare of dairy cows and helps deciding efficient mastitis control strategies. Again, the safety margin evaluated though SCs ensures safe and healthy milk at consumer level devoid of bacterial presence in milk. This review highlights a brief overview of the importance and demand of estimating somatic cell count (SCC) and its effects on milk quality and human health....
Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4
... to design and analyze 2 dimensional OCDMA based coding scheme and corresponding network architecture to support high capacity Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). The coding scheme is proposed by deploying diagonal eigenvalue unity (DEU) scheme at the frequency domain (X-axis) in combination with double weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC) code at the time domain (Y-axis). The proposed 2D-DZ coding scheme provides high orthogonality in adjacent codes and...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...ta, which is often multi-dimensional and at remarkably high-resolution. The inherit noise in the data is another major bottleneck for real-time processing. This entails expediting the decision-making process as well as to instill intelligence in the approach to reduce subjectivity to a greater extent. To harness the high computational power offered by commodity graphics processing units (GPU) and accomplish the decision-making in real-time has gained traction ...
Muhammad Zubair1, Habib Ahmad2*, Brian E. Hemphill3, Muhammad Tariq4 and Muzafar Shah5
...luster analysis and multidimensional scaling. The results remained highly consistent throughout different data reduction techniques. The consistency in phenetic affinities was even evident when they were considered in the backdrop of living ethnic groups of peninsular Indians and prehistoric inhabitants of the Indus Valley and South-Central Asia. When consideration was limited to the people of Northern Pakistan, the uniqueness of Khalil and Daudzai, was emphas...
Dara Jaff1,2* and Michael C. Jarvis2
...fferent way. Using straw dimensions and material properties derived from Kurdish landraces of barley, a finite element model of lodging straw under wind and gravity loading was constructed. Bending moments due to gravity and wind were explicitly calculated. For the thin-strawed landrace phenotypes, as lodging progressed, gravity became the dominant influence. The model was used to prioritise different straw parameters that influence lodging. Increasing straw d...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...ive tectonics. The three-dimensional maps for TSR and DD are generated using a moving window size of (1-4 km). TSR and DD maps show interesting results that correspond to the relative sensitivity of the landscape to regional neotectonics. DD exposed the neotectonic activity preserved in the Quaternary era in the surroundings of NPS. The TSR maps revealed that North-North-East (NNE), North-West (NW), South-West (SW) f the investigation region and segments paral...
Gulnaz Ismaylova
...ron microscope and given dimensions. It turned out that the surface of the egg has a peculiar microstructure (consists mainly of hexagonal and sometimes pentagonal shapes with pyramidal projections at the apex of the corners). The distribution map (scale of 1: 500000) of O. japonica in the study areas was prepared in a digital database using geographic spatial analysis using the ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) program. ...
Nianhong Huang, Yan Wu, Yuanyuan Li* and Jinhong Zhao*
...for both linear and area dimensions. The sequences of 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon sp. were amplified, cloned and demonstrated the homology and the variation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene analyzed in the present study together with other published Hepatozoon species showed that there is no significant difference in the geographical distribution and limited host specificity. This is the first time to report the infection of H...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
...erent sites, metric multidimensional scaling and a linear discriminant analysis were used for the SDs and NEFDs. The results of the linear discriminant analysis indicate that riverine otolith stocks had higher rates of successful classification compared with lacustrine otolith stocks, and stocks of otoliths from the Chargut Co and the Kyaring Co lakes had the highest rates of misclassification. Although a 70% classification success rate was produced by Bochu T...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Sanam Wagma Khattak2*, Muhammad Israr3 and Saima Hashim4
... security, being a multi-dimensional phenomenon comprises of Food Availability, Food Accessibility, Food Utilization and Food Stability is calculated through linear scaling technique. The study has developed two thresholds each one for overall developing countries and regional countries (South Asia). The food security situation of Pakistan is compared to both thresholds. The results show that Pakistan is comparatively a food insecure country. It lags behind in...
Muhammad Awais1,2, Waqas Ahmad3, Akhtar Rasool Asif4, Sayyed Aun Muhammad1, Iahtasham Khan1*, Muhammad Amjad Ali5, Muhammad Qaiser Riaz1 and Muhammad Saqib2
... full-thickness with the dimensions of 1×1 cm (1 cm2), were created on right and left lateral sides of the trunk, comprising 4 wounds on each rabbit. Wounds of group A, B, C and D were treated with pyrogen free normal saline, 0.05% PI gel, certified Acacia honey and H-PImxr (an equal volume mixture of Acacia honey + Pyodine gel) respectively. Significant differences were found among four treatments with respect to contraction, granulati...
Hong Liu and Rui Xu*
...plication value of three-dimensional color power angiography (3D-CPA) in detecting fetal renal blood perfusion in pregnant women with gestational hypertension. One-hundred single-fetal pregnant women diagnosed with gestational hypertension in our hospital from June 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into mild prehypertension group (50 cases) and severe prehypertension group (50 cases). Another 50 cases of normal single-fetal pr...
Fatma Desouki Mohammed Abdallah
...f them) by reduction the dimension of the data for a large number of old variables. A total of 720 values of data were used to represent the variables under study for three different lines of Japanese quail. These variables were (live, slaughter, dressing, carcass, heart, liver, gizzard, and spleen) weight. SPSS packages used for calculation descriptive statistics, correlations and principal component reduction method. The results showed that Bartletts test of...
Roshana Mukhtar1, Shaheen Shahzad1*, Sajid Rashid2, Maryam Rozi2, Madiha Rasheed3, Imran Afzal4 and Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq5
...n UROSL237P and UROSWT 3-dimensional structures revealed remarkable changes in the binding site of Urogen (3-[7, 12, 18-tris (2-carboxyethyl)-3, 8, 13, 17-tetrakis (carboxymethyl) 5, 10, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24-octahydroporphyrin-2-yl] propanoic acid) due to narrowing of domain-I and domain-II (18.46-12.17Å) of UROSL237P as compared to UROSWT. This suggests that UROS L237P mutation may influence heme biosynthesis mechanism through altered Urogen binding m...
Abida Shehzadi*, Muhammad Shafique and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...ariance (AMOVA) and multidimensional scaling plot (MDS) were also generated by using online tools at YHRD database. The data from this study could have significant importance in forensic applications, population studies and in strengthening the Y-STR database....
Saied Belal1, Ashraf Albrakati1*, Khalaf Alsharif2, Saad Al-Shehri2, Mohamed Alblihed3, Malik Almuqati4, Anfal Alsharif5, Alaa Albarakati6 and Anas Al-sharif7
...ous measurements of body dimensions and body weight. The data were developed in comparison with the international growth references and national populations residing at sea level. We found that the birth weight and birth length of Taif newborns are significantly lower than those of international standards and those of newborns residing at sea level, in Saudi Arabia. Also, there was a high incidence of low birth weight (15.6%) and preterm babies (10.9%) in Taif...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Mansoor Khan Khattak1 and Ahmad Khan2
...ffect of raised seed bed dimensions and integrated nutrient management on the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar (Pirsabak 2015) under deep tillage in silt clay loam (Pedocals) soil during 2019. The levels of planting technique factor were; 0 m high raised seed bed (P1), 10 cm high raised seed bed (P2) and 20 cm high raised seed bed (P3). Compost from domestic residues (C2), a combination of urea with compost (C3), and urea (C4) were compared w...
Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini*, Ali Basim Abd Al-Hadi
...ssi ewes had higher body dimensions than the female pregnant Awassi ewes. There was the highest correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between lamb sex with live body weight and body dimensions of ewes with single and twin pregnancies. In conclusion, twin and single pregnancy ewes with heavier live body weights and higher body measurements have a significantly higher probability of having a male lamb than those have a female lamb. Using ...
Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan
...tively extracted the two-dimensional time-amplitude-frequency information from the time series that was hidden in the observed raw data i.e. the time-frequency information manifested in the shape of time periodicities of intra-annual to inter-annual events....
Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab
...ted to overcome the multidimensionality and multicollinearity issues in the data to produce valuable components. Results showed that among teaching competencies, 15 variables were analyzed through PCA and five components were extracted. In these components “job management” explained 19.48% variance; four variables of teaching methodological competency were loaded on “job management” component which means that agriculture school teachers...
Zheng-Yong Wen1, 2*, Chuan-Jie Qin1,2, Bin Li1,2, Rui Li1,2 and Xiao-Tao Shi3*
...ed in vertebrates. Three-dimensional (3D) structure modeling revealed that pvLeptin was highly conserved with that of other tetrapods. Genetic synteny analysis revealed that lepB had specifically lost in siluriformes teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis showed that fish lineage contained two clades of leptinA and leptinB, and the pvleptin was grouped into leptinA clade and shared a close relationship with its counterpart in P. fulvidraco. Tissue distribution analys...
Lei Zeng1,2,3,4, Pimao Chen1,2,3,4, Zhenzhao Tang1,3,4, Jie Yu1,2,3,4 and Guobao Chen1,2,3,4*
...tificial reef (AR), multidimensional evaluations involving density, biodiversity and spatial heterogeneity of nekton community were studied in Beibu Gulf China. The spatial pattern of nekton community was clearly classified into two groups (A and B) in April 2017. However, the variation of nekton densities between A (48529 ind/km2) and B (30220 ind/km2) was not significant (P= 0.17). Therefore, the ecological effects evaluation of AR merely based on density as...
Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...This study examined multidimensional poverty profile in rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan), using Alkire-Foster Method, and a binary logit analysis was conducted to identify its determinants. Data set of 3035 rural households, extracted from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement survey (2018-19), was grouped into three geo-climate zones (Northern, Central and Southern zones). Results from data analysis revealed that 46.6 percent of the sampled rural...
M.A.S. El-Kady1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna 2, E.A Salama2, Salwa N. Zein1
...od-shaped particles with dimension of 150x25 nm. The polyclonal antibodies raised against the local isolate of BSMV had a specific titer of 1:2000. Positive reactions were obtained when purified IgG and IgG conjugate with alkaline phosphatase was 1:1000. The prepared antiserum was used detection of BSMV by serological methods i.e., Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Dot-blot and tissues-blot immunobinding assays (DBIA and TBIA). The presence of the vir...
Bushra Ainy Dars1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo1, Muhammad Hanif Chandio2, Hamida Narejo3, Majida Parveen Narejo4, Faheem Saddar5, Ghulam Dastagir6, Ghulam Abbas7 and Shahnaz Rashid7
...d into groups. Fish body dimensions, including fish head length, fin measurements and the diameter of fish eyes and mouth gape were examined. No significant difference between male and female was noted; though, there was a small variation in the percentages of lengths such as standard and anal fin, which were greater in females (85.0 and 15.3 percent, respectively) than in males (83.2 and 10.6 percent, respectively). The length of the head, the width, the pect...
Sri Rahayu*, Muhaimin Rifa’i and Widodo
.... We constructed a three-dimensional model of GDF9 using I-TASSER and human GDF9 protein sequences obtained from UniProt. We also analyzed GDF9 gene expression levels using GENEVESTIGATOR. Furthermore, we identified the proteins that interact with GDF9 using the Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets and investigated their network formation using the STRING database. Finally, we performed a pathway analysis for GDF9 using the Kyoto Encyclopedia...
Fatimah A. Al-Saeed
...n is an issue of complex dimensions and getting much interest from researchers and governments. Globally, the environment is suffering from the increased rates of pollution that seriously threaten the stability of the ecosystem and living organisms. Currently, the environment is increasingly exposed to chemical pollutants, including heavy metals, which affect humans, animals and plants. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal known as a toxic factor to humans, animals a...
Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed1
...ttributes (such as fruit dimensions, weight, pulp content, and seed count per fruit) and biochemical parameters (including Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Titrable Acidity (TA), pH, and Vitamin C). The pollinator community observed consisted of two species of bees and eight species of flies. Among these, Episyrphis balteatus emerged as the most prevalent insect pollinator, closely followed by Apis florea and Calliphora sp. The highest visitation rate was recorded ...
Rokhani Rokhani1, Amam Amam2*, Mochammad Wildan Jadmiko2, Dhimas Yusantoro2
...empowerment (X) and five dimensions of sustainable livestock development, including the ecological dimension (Y1), economic dimension (Y2), social and cultural dimension (Y3), institutional dimension (Y4), and technological dimension (Y5). Data were collected using surveys (interview...
Lu Yang1,2*, Ke Zhang3 and Jin-Hui Wang1,2,4
...eriostracum Cicadae. One-dimensional NMR, two-dimensional NMR, mass spectrometry, CD spectroscopy, and chemical evidence were performed to further determine their structures. In the results, ten N-acetyldopamine dimers were isolated and their structures were elucidated. This study provides a basic reference for further biological effects study on Periostracum Cicadae....
Aniqa Nasir1, Rashid Masih1, Shazma Massey1*, Laiba Arshad2, Sabi Ur Rehman2, Irva Waqar1 and Anwar Khalid3
...g with drug followed two-dimensional diffusion mechanism model and wound dressing without drug followed three-dimensional diffusion mechanism. The value of kinetic parameters of wound dressing shows that both dressings with and without drug are stable but if these are compared with one another then with drug wound dressing is more stable as its activation energy is high....
Aimal Zeb1, Abdur Rauf1*, Nabila Bano2, Muhammad Qayash3, Muhammad Yasin4, Ikramullah Khan1, Syed Abidullah1, Wisal Khan5, Muhammad Asmat Ullah2, Abdul Ghaffar Khan6 and Samrin Gul7
.... The plant height, leaf dimensions, green leaves, cured leaves weight, nicotine, and reduced sugar contents were examined. Analysis showed highly significant differences (P>0.01) among varieties for examined traits. The maximum number of green leaves (28), was produced by PVH-2324 at first picking, while PVH-1600 showed the maximum number of leaves (22), leaf area (1241cm2), green leaves (29.3 Kg) and cured leaves weights per plot (4.6 Kg). Furthermore, PV...
Ida Indrayani*, Andi Andri, Tevina Edwin
...ased on four sustainable dimensions. We collected data from 60 beef cattle farmers in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Livestock feed requirements are based on dry matter digestible (DM) originating from food crop waste. The sustainability of the beef cattle business was assessed based on four indicators economic, social, environmental, and institutional. The total feed availability of Pesisir Selatan regency was 251,378 Tons DM/year, while th...
MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, SHAHZADI TAYYABA3, ANEEQA SABAH4 & MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF5
...haped tortuous vein. The dimensions of spiral microchannel used in simulation are 30 mm long and 2 mm in radius. ANSYS simulation has given 0.26 μL/s flow rate with velocity 0.02055 m/s while FUZZY simulation has given 0.29 μL/s with velocity 0.02647 m/s. The results from both simulation and previous results found in a close settlement at the same Reynolds number and pressure. This study is very important for examining the blood flow rate with blood velo...
Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni
...and associated with body dimensions (body length = BL, chest girth = GH and shoulder height = SH) using the SPSS program. The Pearson correlation (r) between body weight and measurements was calculated and the degree of fit of the models was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), Adj R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE). Body weight had a highly significant (P< 0.01) correlation with BL (r = 0.723), CG (r = 0.814), and SH (r = 0.549). The op...
Jin Jiao1, Jin Song1, Yuanyuan Cui1, Yilin Wang2, Yanling Li1, Jing Li1, Yan Su1, Xiaojing Du3, Yan Wang3, Guiping Sun3 and Minxiang Wei4*
...nese version of the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to analyse the relationship between fatigue and sleep disorders, anxiety and depression, assess the depression status and explore the relationship between myocardial infarction. In this study, 55.3% of patients had sleep disorders, 25.3% had anxiety tendencies with a gender difference, 20.0% had depression tendencies, and 33.2% had fatigue with no gender ...
Li Tian1*, Chun Wang2, Hailiang Li2, Haitian Sun2 and Chang Wang3
... performs best in the 20 dimension, with the minimum value of 1.0008 and the minimum value of variance of 8.4206. Therefore, it is determined that the search efficiency of the CBPSO algorithm in the 20 dimension is the best. Compared with other algorithms, the stability and accuracy of the CBPSO algorithm have been greatly improved, and it has high robustness in the actual UAV image detection and crop pest identification.
Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1 and Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1
...orts to address the multidimensional problems associated with HIV-2 to guarantee the sustained integrity of public health....
Tanvir Hussain1, G. M. Nasir2, and Ayaz Marwat3
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Ayaz Khan
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurement of different wood elements/ structures in each wood species. On the basis of results, it was found that Morus alba wood may be comparatively stronger and have better seasoning and preservation behavior. Moreover, Morus alba wood may be more resistant to deteriorating agents in comparison to Morus nigra. Further, the wood of both the species may also be suitable for pulp and paper making....
Khalid Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Tanvir Hussain
...age along with different dimensions of fiber, vessel and wood rays of each species. Results showed that maximum average ring growth rate was found in Paulownia catalpifolia and the highest heartwood percentage was observed in Paulownia tomentosa. Maximum fiber length and fiber diameter was measured in P. catalpifolia and the lowest in Paulownia fortune. Greatest fiber wall thickness was determined in P. tomentosa while the lo...
G. M. Nasir
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurements of various wood elements/structures in each species. Results showed that Lasura, Shreen, Dhak, Ritha and Tun wood may be better in strength due to longer and thick-walled fibers and Kao and Anjir wood may be medium in strength as the fibers are comparatively thin-walled. In order to increase service life, preservative treatment of wood before utilization may be necessary for all the studied species because of l...
M. M. Rahaman, K. Akhter and R. Akhter
...rmining the strength and dimensional stability. The tensile strength passed the British and German standard specification, bending strength was found nearest to Indian Standard but not met with German and British standard specification.
Key words: Rajkoroi, particleboard, modulus of rupture, internal bond strength, urea formaldehyde, ammonium chloride, hardener.
...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Tanvir Hussain and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurement of different wood elements/structures in each wood species. On the basis of results it was observed that Kiker, Robinia, Lachi and Gurgrua wood may be strong and hard and Toot, Kangar, Siris, Willow, Barh, Batkar and Jaman wood may be better or medium in strength due to longer, thick-walled or narrow lumened fibers. The wood of all the studied species may be somewhat non-durable because of higher frequency or la...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurements of various wood elements / structures in the wood. Results showed that minute variations exist in general in average values of different anatomical features in Masquite wood grown in both areas. In Masquite wood grown in Punjab, the fibers are fairly longer and thick-walled, the wood rays are smaller in size and lower in frequency and the vessels are larger in diameter. The wood may be relatively better in stre...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...structure, frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures in the wood species. Results showed that in Acacia ampliceps wood, the fibers are medium in length and reasonably thick-walled. The vessels are small in diameter and lower in frequency. The wood rays are higher in frequency and a bit larger in size. The wood may be better in strength and can be used for various wood products. Preservative treatment of wood before uti...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements and wood rays. Results showed that the wood of Neem, Mesquite, Kabuli Keker and Beri Patta may be stronger or better, Alstonia and Jacaranda medium and that of Sohanjna weak in strength on the basis of fiber morphological characteristics. The wood of all the studied species may be somewhat non-durable because of higher frequency or larger size of wood rays and need chemical treatment ...
Iqbal Mahmood, Gul Rukh and Tanvir Hussain
...milar articles where the dimensional stability is of high importance. It is also recommended for a number of uses due to its better strength figures....
G. M. Nasir
...iations in frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/ structures. In local ash wood the fiber are comparatively longer, narrow and the vessels are smaller in diameter due to which the wood is somewhat hard and heavy as compared to European ash wood. However, locally grown ash wood is more suitable when the product strength is an important factor....
G. M. Nasir and Noreen Fatima
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/ structures in each species. Results showed that on the basis of fiber morphological characteristics, the wood of Phulai, Ipip Ipil, Black Siris and White Siris may be stronger or better in strength whereas, Pipal, Lasura and Jand may be medium and Gul-i-Nishtar light in strength. Due to abundant axial parenchyma, higher frequency or larger size of wood rays, the wood of all the studi...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Noreen Fatima and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...pe for the structure and dimensional measurements of various wood elements/ structures. Results showed that in Amaltas, Ber, Bakain, White Bakain and Paper mulberry woods, the vessels were sufficient large in diameter and in Chinar and Paper mulberry woods, the frequency of vessels was found to be higher. Therefore, the woods may be easily seasoned and preserved. Amaltas, Chinar, Paper mulberry, Ber, Bakain, White Bakain, and Farash woods the frequency or size...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements. Results showed that the fiber length and wall thickness generally increased from pith to bark. The fiber diameter increased progressively upto a distance of 5cm from pith after that it decreased somewhat or remained more or less constant. The vessel diameter was found to increase up to 4cm distance from the pith, reaching to its maximum value beyond that it fluctuated minutely. The f...
Manufacturing of particleboard from paper mulberry (Brosonatia papyrifera) wood Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...thdrawal resistance) and dimensional stabilities (Thickness swelling, water absorption and Linear expansion) of the boards were determined. Mechanical properties of boards of paper mulberry increased with board density. The boards with density 0.66 g/cm3 have better dimensional stability than those with the density lesser or greater than this value....
Khalid Hussain and G. M. Nasir
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures. Results revealed that in Elm wood, the fibers were longer, medium in diameter, wide lumened and fairly thick-walled due to that the wood may be relatively better in strength. The vessels were lower in frequency but quite larger in diameter and the wood can be seasoned without any difficulty. The wood rays were medium per unit area and in size. The axial parenchyma was abun...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Ayaz Khan Marwat
...ed for the frequency and dimensional measurements of different wood elements/structures. Results showed that that the wood is of medium strength and may be used in furniture, flooring and construction where medium strength is required, however, chemical treatment of the wood before utilization with preservatives is prerequisite and can favour its endurance against biological deteriorates. Moreover, pulp and paper products may also be manufactured from this spe...
Ghulam Mustafa Nasir
... average values of fiber dimensions. E. crebra was found the most suitable for high bursting strength, tensile strength, folding endurance, flexible, dense and well formed paper whereas, E. citriodora for high tearing resistance and well bonded paper due to maximum fibre length and felting power ratio....
Suitability of some woody and non-woody raw-materials for pulp and paper as based on fiber dimension
Muhammad Ayaz
...he basis of
their fiber dimensions. Among all the species
investigated softwoods are the best material for pulp
and paper, followed by bamboos and other grasses. Most
of the hardwoods and shrubby materials yield short
fiber. To produce a strong paper from hardwoods and
shrubby materials use of a pulp furnish of softwoods
and/or bamboos is recommended. In addition to fiber
dimensions, economic availability is the main...
S. M. Yasin and T. A. Qureshi
...nels indicated that the
dimensional stability of panels containing cold water
extracted flakes was poor as compared to those
containing hot water extracted flakes. The modulus of
rupture, nail and screw withdrawal resistance of panels
containing hot water extracted flakes were better than
the panels of cold eater extracted flakes....
Mohammad Ayaz
...uenced ray frequency and dimensions in samples of wood having wide and narrow growth rings of ash (Fraxinus excelsior), Bakain (Melia azedarach), Elm (Ulmas laevigata) and Mulberry (Morus alba). Ash, Elm and Mulberry had significantly more rays per unit area in the sample with wider growth rings than in the sample with narrow growth rings. The rays in bakain samples with wider rings had more cells and cell size was larger, both alon...
Raja Walayat Hussain and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...de where it attains huge dimensions and seems to be
pyramidalisvariety. When the trees attain a diameter between 5 inches to 10 inches at breast height these are felled by the farmers to meet their small constructional demands. The wood is in great demand for making of packing cases and crates etc. Since the trees have almost clear and straight boles these yield good bailies which fetch handsome revenue to the growers. The trees also have no adverse ef...
Asad Alam1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Yaseen1, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyeb1, Muhammad Hanif1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Muhammad Sadeeq5 and Muneeb Islam6
... divided in three tanks (dimensions of length was 15feet, height=4.5feet, water level=3.2 feet) with water volume of 17000 liters in each tank. Formulated feed was used with 30% and 40% crude protein (CP) and buffalo meat. Water temperature was maintained at 31oC using heater (500Watts) with thermostat. The results were recorded with significant value in the growth of fish during 4th to 9th weeks. The values of fish weight were recorded higher (P<0.05) in g...
Fangmei Zhang1,2, Xiaocen Zhao1,2, Li Qiao1,2, Shibao Guo1,2, Li Zhang1,2,
Jian Yin1,2, Zhou Zhou1,2, Chuleui Jung3 and Shubao Geng1,2*
...and sensilla styloconica dimensions showed significant sexual dimorphism between male and female adults. In addition, the possible functions of sensilla were analyzed and discussed according to their morphology, distribution, and the previously reported sensilla function. These results could help to understand the chemical communication of S. subpunctaria and their host, and provide a scientific basis for the development of a novel biological control strategy ...
Abdur Rehman*, Muhammad Umair Khan, Zahid Rauf, Saeed Akhtar, Abdur Rahman Khan and Mansoor Khan
...e woody fiber anatomical dimensions of two types that are Willow (Salix tetrasperma) and Lachi (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). The excellence of pulp and paper is directly linked to the fiber characteristics such as fiber wall thickness, fiber lumen diameter, and fiber length. Several wood characteristics associated with paper quality will be deduced from the fiber dimensions, encompassing parameters like the wall coverage ratio...
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Species Richness and Diversity in Sub-Tropical Chir Pine Forest in Abbottabad City
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Significance of Cultivating Genus Paulownia and its Utilization in Different Sectors: A Review
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