John Shook
Science, Religion and Culture
...science vs. religion is hardly the whole story. Only science joined by philosophical reflection suffices to skeptically analyze the natural theology arguments for supernatural gods, too aloof and abstract for direct confrontation over evidence. Theology’s desperate maneuvers for avoiding science and scientific atheology only delay the inevitable. Partner atheologies wielding logic, ethics, and civics await to help theology extinguish the gods.
&n...
Justin P. McBrayer
...son to believe in God regardless of the evidence....
Justin P. McBrayer
...son to believe in God regardless of the evidence....
Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro
...uction of red leaves. Regardless the application of N, P or K and their control, reddening of leaves was linearly affected by Zn and B. It is concluded that there was no direct effect of N, P, K, Mg and Fe on the reddening of cotton leaves but B and Zn application decreased number of red leaves. Plant growth improved markedly when essentially needed NPK was applied @ 120-70-40 NPK in combination with Zn and B @ 4 and 1.5 kg ha-1, respectively....
Dilawar Hussain* and Abdul Mateen
...mance of Nile tilapia regardless the addition of the 4TX clay. Addition of 4TX in the diets has significant effect on some of the parameters tested....
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1*,Ibrahim Alhidary1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Rifat U. Khan3, Abdel Raouf S. Bello4, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2 and Ramzi A. Amran1
...TMR with alfalfa hay, regardless of the supplementary protocol, causes a significant change in rumen fermentation patterns as a result of increasing the intake level of NDF from the alfalfa hay. This shift in the fermentation pattern may positively affect the rumen environment and consequently growing lambs’ health and productivity.
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Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
...f this fish.
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Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4
...rs used pesticides haphazardly while 1.3% used after it. 90.7%, 86.7% and 97.3% farmers were aware of economic threshold level of harmful insects, use of pesticides at economic threshold level and clean cotton picking respectively. 94.7% growers adopted thinning of plants, 91.3% knew pest scouting, 87.3% used pesticides after pest scouting while 74% farmers used pesticides both at morning and evening. It was concluded that integrated pest management project en...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi4
...kistani PPRV strains, regardless of the gene used either F or N, clustered in lineage IV which is the most prominent and prevalent lineage of Asia. The distribution of Pakistani strains of PPRV was more dispersed as the isolate collected from Taxilla was clustered slightly distinct compared to rest of the isolates collected from Pakistan. Our findings are indicative of PPR endemic state of the country.
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Rahila Nizami1, Muhammad Zahid Latif2*, Intzar Hussain3 and Khalid Rashid4
...eir marital statuses. Regardless of the gender, age and character, no dominating leadership-style was identified among the medical professionals participated in this study, highlighting the need for leadership development in health professionals. This present a great challenge for health professionals to understand how their leadership behaviors affect the performance. Further research is required to provide more comparable evaluations in health sector leaders...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool*, Abuzar Muhammad Afzal*, Abu Baker Siddique*, Waseem Akram**, Muhammad Saqalein*, Madiha Basit* and Muhammad Farooq Tahir***
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF VIRO CARE GZ-08 AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN POULTRY AND ITS IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY
...industry of Pakistan. Regardless of vaccination, other prevention and control measures are necessary to prevent ND outbreaks. Natural resources have been exploited to obtain antiviral compounds in several latest studies. In this study, the antiviral activity of Viro Care GZ-08™ was checked up invitro, in-ovo and in-vivo. The cytotoxicity assay of the product was performed using Vero cell line. All the trials revealed that the stock solution and 1:2 dilut...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...a−1) regardless of time of urea application. N treatments significantly affected the N uptake, N use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality traits. Drilling of 24 kg N ha−1 as DAP into soil at cotton seeding followed by three top-dressing of 42 kg N ha−1 each just prior to first, second and third irrigations significantly enhanced seed cotton yield, quality, N uptake and N efficiencies compared to conventi...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...sing age was observed regardless of immunization status. Our results suggest that vaccination of African wild dogs with a live attenuated domestic dog vaccine may provide adequate protection against CDV, and could therefore be an important tool for the conservation of this endangered species.
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Muhammad Suhaib1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Masooma Munir3, Badar-Uz-Zaman1, Bushra Atta4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5
...vement is significant regardless of stress environment or normal growth conditions. While regarding salicylic acid induced amelioration it was notable that both levels of salicylic acid had significant effects on the physiology and biochemical parameters of crop plants however lower level of salicylic acid 0.25 mM was found more efficient then the higher level of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid induced improvement is significant regardl...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Rahmatullah2, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Sadaqat Ali3,*, Awais Ghaffar1, Ahmad Ali1 and Sehrish Saleem1
... foals) were selected regardless of their etiologies. Additionally, 12 healthy foals (n = 4 horse foals, n = 4 donkey foals, and n = 4 mule foals) as control animals were selected for this study. Packed cell volume (PCV) and serum electrolytes, trace and ultra-trace elements were measured in both groups (diarrheic and healthy). The results showed significant (p< 0.05) increase of PCV% in diarrheic foals of all species. The sodium, calcium, copper, ir...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...i> adult brain, is an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, IRK1. Knocking down the potassium channels specifically on PDF expressing neurons using UAS-GAL4 RNAi system resulted in altered axonal projections of lateral neurons (LNv) towards the dorsal neurons (DN). Moreover, it was observed that lack of the potassium channels also caused a robust increase in sleep and reduction in the fly’s active period during the day. We observed that the n...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan1
...ng and domestic use and hardly any water is available to meet irrigation needs. Based on crop water requirement; severe water shortage estimated during the months of March and April to the extent of 3.12 and 6.87 cfs respectively for irrigating the existing cultivated area. These results show that agriculture in Burgay watershed is highly dependent on snow/glacier melt. The study concludes that agrarian economy of the Burgay watershed is highly dependent on gl...
Muhammad Shahid1*, Mehmood Shah2, Adiqa Kiani3 and Farhat Parveen4
Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar*
Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali
Muhammad Ashfaq* and Inayatullah Jan
Khalid Khan1*, Hazrat Yousaf1, Noor Mohammad1, Munir Khan1 and Do Thi Thao2
Ali Mujtaba Shah1,2,3, Ali Raza Shah3, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Yousif2, Zhisheng Wang1*
...lop passive immunity. Regardless of placental structure and transfer of immunity in utero, ingestion of colostrum after birth also confers additional protection by binding to intestinal receptors which could otherwise be bound by bacteria. Moreover, the adequate colostrum reduces neonatal mortality, strengthen immunity and increase animal lifespan. Delaying intake of colostrum in dairy calves causes decreased transport of both immunoglobulins as well as fat-so...
Mudassar Rashid1, Zuhair Husnain2, Usman Shakoor1* and Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu*
... changes in the uteri regardless dosage and time. PRL in female rats treated by 50 µg/kg cabergoline significantly was decreased by 56% at day 7 compared with the control. However, estradiol (E2)in rats treated with 50 µg/kg cabergoline was higher than that in control group at day 24, and progesterone (P) secretion was not remarkably influenced by cabergoline. Moreover, the duration of investigation toward normal females in the 50 µ...
Bo Gao1,2, Fengmei Yang3, Wei Chen2, Xiaojia Song4, Xiaobo Liu5 and Dongmin Li1*
...rs (CA125 and CA153), regardless of whether recurrence was involved in PEOC and breast cancer. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that relative MDR1 expression levels in patients of the positive-group survival curves were lower than those in patients of the negative-group curves. High MDR1 expression is associated with clinicopathological features in malignant tumor patients. The detection of MDR1 expression combined with tumor markers can improve the ...
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
...ved regions were same regardless of the gene while the substitutions were seen at different residues other than the conserved domains. However, the analysis based upon the three-dimensional protein structures revealed that the study isolates showed mutation at C-terminus region of N protein. Such a study helps to improve our understanding towards evolution of emerging and re-emerging strains of SRMVs in the country. ...
Muhammad Shakeel1*, Mudussar Nawaz1, Zahid Naseer1, Muhammad Fiaz1, Asghar Khan1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Awais Ur Rehman1, Ahmad Yar Qamar2 and Ali Raza3
Caprine and Ovine Serological Evidence of Brucellosis in Five Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
... than female animals, regardless of species. However, sheep or goat age groups did not influence (P>0.05) the brucellosis seroprevalence. Among seropositive animals, significantly greater (P<0.05) number of animals had previous history of abortion when tested either by RBPT or SAT. In conclusion, the current data provide baseline information about prevalence of brucellosis in different sheep and goat breeds in five districts of Punjab Pakistan....
Mohammad Adil1*, Muhammad A. Khan2, Naveed Ahmed1, Edward Bromhead3, Muhammad A. Arshad1, Muhammad Fahad1, Shahid Ullah1 and Khan Shahzada1
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Column Staggering in Flat Slabs Systems
...nes taking care of haphazardly placed columns or staggered column arrangement. Providing staggered columns under flat slab may reduce the labor as well as the material cost of the structure without affecting the structural performance of the slabs as well as columns. Wide parking and halls could be constructed and architects will have more freedom and flexibility in their designs with reduced reliance on structural design. This study is focused on the basic fl...
Muhammad Younis1, Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Mustansar Abbas1, Ali Murtaza1, Imran Mohsin2, Muhammad Shahzad3 and Muhammad Zahid Tahir1
...;0.3mm, respectively. Regardless of the wave pattern, single ovulation occurred in each cycle. CL was first detectable on Day 4.0±0.1, it reached maximum diameter on Day 9.0±0.1 and luteolysis began on Day 12.2±0.2 of the cycle. Peak estradiol-17β concentration was observed 48h before ovulation and correlated with the diameter of the preovulatory follicle (r=0.84; p<0.05). Plasma progesterone concentration was maximum on Day...
Kamran Baksh Soomro1*, Sina Alaghmand2, Sanyogita Andriyas3, Muhammad Rehmatullah Khan4, Naveedullah5 and Amin Talei6
...rrigation. However, one hardly knows the economic implications of such recommendations. In this regard, the effect of saline irrigation on the economics of crop yield deserves scientific inquiry. A field experiment was conducted during 2018-19 to study the impact of saline water on the economics of bitter gourd yield and soil salinity after the end of the crop. Two irrigation treatments including freshwater (IT1 EC 0.56 dS.m-1; control co...
Naveed Ali1, Umar Hayat1*, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Imad Khan1 and Sanam Wagma Khattak2
Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem1*, Muhammad Ihtisham2*, Abiodun Yusuff Moshood3, Nawab Khan4, Muhammad Owais Shahid5, Shafiq Hussain6, Kumail Abbas6 and Fawad Zaman7
...e to virus infections regardless of treatment. Those who had a treatment combination of three weedings and polythene mulching, on the other hand, had the lowest incidence and severity of viral infection, while those who received no weeding and no mulching had the highest. At the 7th week after planting, the treatment combination of thrice weeding with polythene mulching had the lowest viral incidence of 18.75 percent, whereas the treatment combination of no mu...
Seung-Yun Baek1 and Seong-Min Lee2*
...the low-risk periods. Regardless of the period, some road sections have been identified as crucial clusters that should be given priority for road fencing to mitigate human-deer conflicts. Our findings could also provide road administrators with practical options for management such as temporarily imposing vehicle speed limits and installing signboards.
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Jhan Zeb1*, Saiqa Tufail1, Nausheen Saboohi1, Zafar Samuel2, Asher Azeem3, Yaseen Amir4 and Sehrish Akram5
...>L. rohita flesh. Regardless of the feeding regimes there existed a higher proportion of n-3 fatty acids as compared to n-6 fatty acids in the flesh of L. rohita. Ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids in L. rohita flesh was significantly higher (p<0.05) due to 9.5/25% (D2) lipid/protein level in pelleted diet. Moisture contents of L. rohita varied significantly among the treatments, showing an inverse relationship with body fats. ...
Sana Khalid1,2*, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman2,3, Usman Hameed2,4, Shabnum Shaheen1, Muhammad Naveed Shahid5, Khajista Jabeen1, Farah Khan1, Muhammad Saleem Haider1
... transmission as well regardless of the type of gemini virus. This study was planned to conduct virus acquisition and transmission experiments using screen cages in an insectary for the period of one month. For this purpose non-viruliferous whiteflies (B cryptic species) were reared and used to acquire the viruses for 48-72 h from the agroinfiltered symptomatic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants and these were li...
Abdul Hafeez Mastoi1, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani2, Shafique Ahmed Memon3, Jun Jiang1, Xiang-Shun Hu1* and Tong-Xian Liu1*
...observed at 27°C, regardless of pea cultivar. In decreased as temperature increased at and above 30°C for each cultivar. Furthermore, differences among cultivars were often detected at 27°C and 30°C, but not at higher temperatures. Our results indicated that....
Tinda Afriani*, Zaituni Udin, James Hellyward, Endang Purwati, Adisti Rastosari, Dwiki Wahyudi
... Y-sperm than X-sperm regardless of semen sexing technique.
Keywords | Pesisir bull, Albumin gradient, Swim up, Motility, PMI, AI
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Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*
...ups each of 40 cases, regardless of gender, aged from 55-75 years, who underwent treatment in hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Each group received routine treatment, in which the treatment group received LMWHC alongwith argatroban. The score of neurological deficit (NIHSS) and serum neurological function, endothelial injury and inflammatory marker levels, and the clinical efficacy after treatment of 14 days were compared between groups. After treat...
Xiaoli Yao1, Xiaofang Yue2, Yue Yang3 and Guobin Zhang3,*
...ups each of 40 cases, regardless of gender, aged from 55-75 years, who underwent treatment in hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Each group received routine treatment, in which the treatment group received LMWHC alongwith argatroban. The score of neurological deficit (NIHSS) and serum neurological function, endothelial injury and inflammatory marker levels, and the clinical efficacy after treatment of 14 days were compared between groups. After treat...
Supply Response Analysis of Gram in the Context of Prices and Non-Prices Factors in Punjab, Pakistan
Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Azam Niazi, Muhammad Ishaq and Mubbashira Nazir
Shaimaa M. Ahmed1, Gehan M.A. Kassem1*, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez2, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem1
...peratures showed that regardless of meats type, S. aureus counts were significantly higher at room temperature than their counts at the refrigeration temperature. In conclusion, predictive food microbiology could be a valuable tool for understanding the growth behavior of S. aureus in artificially inoculated TSB broth and chicken meat. ...
Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1*, Atta Hussain Shah1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1 and Asghar Ali Kamboh2
...fresh form because they hardly find time to purchase daily fresh meat. Therefore, they purchase the meat in bulk quantity to meet their daily necessities and stored in freezer or refrigerator and consume after certain intervals. Hence the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of chilling, freezing and repeated-thaw cycles on chemical quality of various meats. The influence of different time was observed on chemical characteristics of chilled, froze...
Hari Prashad Joshi, Kuaanan Techato, Khamphe Phoungthong* and Keshav Raj Panthee
Sehrish Ishtiaq1, Mahroze Fatima1*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Noor Khan3, Muhammad Bilal4, Maryam2 and Sobia Nisa1
...< 0.05) Ca/P ratio regardless of Ca level. Conclusively, supplementation of 1% Ca in the presence of 1% P (1:1 ratio) is required for optimum performance of silver carp....
Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2
...onomies of societies, regardless of the extent of their development or the difference in their economic systems and concepts, and the varying stages of their social transformations, as they occupy an essential role in the process of development and economic and social development in all countries of the world, for their great role in employment. The study aims to know the role of small agricultural projects in developing the capabilities and competence of rura...
Madboulyl , H. M.; Tamami , S.M.; Abd Elmoneml , A.S.; Husseinl , A.S. and Arafa2, A.M.
... and APV was isolated regardless the presence of high level of maternal derived antibody in their sera. This denotes the protection against APV independent on the presence of high levels of maternal antibodies....
H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3
...ssical IBDV vaccines. Regardless of the antigenic differences detected by AC-EI.ISA and pathogenicity test in the representative isolates, they share antigenic sites with other serotype-1 IBDV strains. as they cross-reacted in AC-ELISA and AGPT. Although, the epidemiological investigation and antigenic typing by AC-CLISA test as well as pathogenicity study suggested that IBD field isolates are in the majority of highly virulent pathotype producing acute diseas...
Ahokpossi AGAC1,2*, Salifou CFA2, Youssao Abdou Karim I2, Ameyapoh Y3
... locals by panelists. Regardless of farming methods, the meat of Goliath chickens was accepted and appreciated by the panelists. ...
Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abd Latief Toleng1, Sahiruddin1, Masturi1, Hasrin1, Musdalifa Mansur2, Hendrikus Fatem3, Johan Koibur4
...chronizing the estrus regardless of the condition of the ovaries.
Keywords | Dairy, Holstein Friesian Heifers, Estrous synchronization, Ovarian activity, Heasynch and Select synch
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