Hu Zenglei1 and Xiufan Liu1, 2*
...justify; ">Virulence and pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the major determinants for the clinicopathological manifestations in infected hosts. Recent studies showed that the host innate immune responses to infection play important role in the pathologenesis of NDV, and correlate with the severity of the clinical disease. Virulent strains of different genotypes induce distinct pathological manifestations in chicken organs, especially in ...
Leonard Izzard1, 2, John Stambas1, 2*
...being used to manipulate pathogenicity and immunity and as biomarkers for disease severity....
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El Naggar2, Ahmed M. Helal3, Hussein Ahmed Hussein1 and Neil LeBlanc4
...gs and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (1.2), and the amino acid motif, (112KRQKR116), at the cleavage site of the fusion (F) protein indicated the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of the F and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes indicated that the isolate clustered with the PPMV-1 strains recently reported from Israel within subgenotype VIb. Our findings report the emergence of PPMV-1 in Egyptian pigeons and the potential role the...
Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan
...ture affecting the viral pathogenicity and associated with impairment of innate immune response that in turn facilitate and magnify the effect of co-infections....
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
...d isolates. Additionally pathogenicity of isolated Fusarium species was evaluated against nymph and adult of Bemisia tabaci. Under controlled conditions different species of Fusarium restrained the growth of B. tabaci as compared with control.
...
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
...tibodies production. The pathogenicity and etiology of the disease has yet to be elucidated. It is presently accepted that environmental factors trigger the disease in genetically sensitive individuals. Gluten, a protein fraction commonly found in wheat grains, associated with food related disorders and a number of autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that gluten containing diet would further exacerbate an already undergoing arbitrary immune reaction in SLE pa...
Gadeeyya G and Ratna Kumar P.K.
...relevant literature. The pathogenicity of the isolates was examined to select biocontrol agent against host weed.
...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
... affect its survival and pathogenicity.
...
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*
...>Stxl, Stx2, EAST1), pathogenicity island (eaeA, irp2, ETT2) and outer membrane protein (ompA). Moreover O-antigen serotype was tested by slide agglutination test and a mouse model was built to assess the lethality of the E.coli isolates through subcutaneous-infection. Out of 81 E.coli isolates, the most prevalent gene detected was ompA (90.12%), followed by ETT2 (69.14%), irp2 (54.32%), EAST1 (46.91%...
Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph
Wasim Javaid1, Farid Asif Shaheen1*, Farah Naz2 and Muhammad Usman Raja2
Qiang Li1,2, Guo Qiao2, Li Wang1, Jipeng Zhang1, Ruijun Li1, Ping Ni1, Yi Guo1 and Shigen Ye1,*
...plification, followed by pathogenicity determination. Results showed that the isolates belonged to 10 genera, including Vibrio (72%), Staphylococcus (9%), Pseudomonas (4%), Bacillus (4%), Vagococcus (3%), Shewanella (3%), Planococcus migula (4%), Exiguobacterium (1%), Enterobacter (1%) and Kocuria roseus (1%). Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi were the predominant genus and specie...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...olates were assessed for pathogenicity based upon the mean death time (MDT), the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in chicken. The ICPI and MDT revealed that all tested isolates were of moderate virulence (Mesogenic) in chickens. Mature chickens showed no clinical signs or death as assessed by IVPI. Pigeon in Egypt reared in free rang s...
Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...rmore, the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) for selected 5 virulent viruses reveals velogenic features with high pathogenicity index (1.60 to 1.74). ...
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
Zhijun Zhong1, Rui Tu1, Xichun Wang2, Yi Geng1, Qicheng Xiao1, Yinan Tian1, Bin Wei1, Jiaming Dan1, Ya Wang1 and Guangneng Peng1,*
...nding of B. canis pathogenicity in naturally-infected pet dogs....
Shaheen Rahman1, Kafeel Ahmad1*, Niaz Ali2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Waqar Ali4
...>A. tumefaciens. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by in vitro carrot and potato discs inoculation assays. A total of seven strains of A. tumefaciens were isolated on yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) medium. The isolated strains were confirmed as A. tumefaciens on the basis of morphological, biochemical and pathogenicity tests. The bacterial cells were rod shaped having rounded ends. The str...
Kajol, A. H. Bhat, Aasha and A. K. Chaubey
Biochemical and molecular characterization of Photorhabdus akhurstii associated with Heterorhabditis indica from Meerut, India
...urther, we evaluated its pathogenicity against Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera. The LD50 value of strain DH3 against G. mellonella larvae at 48 hours was 8 IJs/larva for 50% larval mortality whereas in Helicoverpa armigera it needed 13 IJs/larva, to kill 50% of the larvae....
Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1
Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...e confirmed Koch’s pathogenicity postulates. Association of N. rubicola causing stem rot in potato is never reported before in Pakistan....
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
...ae. We evaluated the pathogenicity on the eggs and larvae of all tested strains of R. sanguineus at day 3 and 7. The LC50 of four strains of M. anisopliae was determined by Probit analysis, and a chi-square test was used to determine the relationship of LC50 with variable radial growth and germination at 18 and 24 h. Germination at 18 h and 24 h ranged from 83.8–92.5% and 89.5–100%, respectively. The average ...
Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8
... bacteria, enhance their pathogenicity and can survival in host body.
Novelty Statement | CRISPR Cas system is an integral part of prokaryotic immune system that provides protection against viral infection and involved in genome editing, bacterial virulence and antibiotics resistance.
... 
NawalM. Abdulla1, M. Haroun1*,Mohamed A. Shalaby2and Ahmed A. Elsanousi2
...eveal virus identity and pathogenicity. Both NDV
isolates were found to be velogenic strains. Real time reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction (rRT-PCR) used as a confirmatory technique, successfully amplified and
detected cDNA fragments corresponding to the NDV RNA extracted from amnioallantoic
fluids (AAF). Sequence analysis and phylogensis of the NDVQF13 strain using 150bp
primer sets reve...
Rafia Ahsan1, Saif Ullah1, Ijaz Yaseen1, Faisal Sohail Fateh1, Muhammad Fayyaz1, Shahzad Asad1, Atif Jamal1, Muhammad Sufyan2 and Muhammad Zakria1*
...ae (Xoo) through PCR and pathogenicity on susceptible host. The results indicate that BLB is continuously present in rice growing areas of Pakistan specially in Basmati area of Punjab for last many years. There is need to introduce resistant Basmati varieties to reduce the inoculum level and yield losses....
Ayman S. El-Habbaa 1, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1, Samar F. El-Adaway2, and Susan S. El-Mahdy2
Dalia M. Omar1, Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Elham A. El-ebiary1, Khalid El-Dougdoug2, Badawi Othman2, Abd Elsattar Arafa3, Hussein A. Hussein4
Madiha Nawaz and Shoaib Freed
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...uge economic losses. The pathogenicity of E. coli is closely related to its virulence factors, which are strictly regulated in vivo, and the quorum sensing system is involved in this process. To study the effect of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) on the biological characteristics of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), gene lasI of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is responsible for the synthesis of long s...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1*, Malik Saddique Mehmood1 and Faisal Amin2
...uting to the increase in pathogenicity of the circulating H9N2 virus....
Mona M. Osman1, Kamelia M. Osman2, Manal Abu Elmakarem Mohamed1, Mahmoud E. Hashad2, Jeeser Alves Almeida3, Alaa Saad4, Octavio Luiz Franco5,6, Heba N. Deif 2*
...actors implicated in the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma arginini (M. arginini) and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae). It shed light on the current knowledge gap in the role of two potential virulence determinants viz H2S production and catalase activity, for their possible roles in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and hemolytic activity of M. ovipneumoniae. The recovered sheep isolates of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae were examined bacteriolo...
Rizwana Abdul Ghaffar* and Kamil Nadeem
...yers. This causes severe pathogenicity in the intestine as a result the pigeon shows signs and symptoms of illness. Pathological studies of tissues from infected intestine reveal several changes from the normal architectural organization of tissues. The most common findings were massive congestion, cellular infiltration, atrophy, hypertrophy and dystrophy of cells and disintegration of cellular layers, fibrosis, necrosis and dilation and proliferation of blood...
Nishant Shah1*, Rakesh Kumar Yadav1, Anil Gautam1*, Shambhu Shah1 and Mohan Kumar Gupta2
...serotype 078: K80:H9) at pathogenicity amount (9.4 x 105 cfu E. coli per bird) was done and morbidity and mortality rate was also recorded. The significantly minimum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in CRH (30.53±0.77); however, the maximum ammonia (ppm) was recorded in RH (49.78±0.42) with that compared to SD (33.42±0.25) and RS (43.22±0.56). Similarly, the mortality rate due to colisepticemia was recorded minimum in CRH (68.75%), howeve...
C.A. Angel-Sahagún1, J.E. Ortega Palomares1, A.A. Hernández-Rangel1, C. Cruz-Vázquez2, R. Montesinos-Matias3, M. Valencia-Posadas1 and A.M. Cruz-Avalos4*
...tudy was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) isolates, obtained from adult Ctenocephalides canis, the dog flea, under laboratory conditions. Nine, monosporic cultures were isolated. Each were pathogenic when exposed by immersion at a concentration of 1x108 conidia/ml, causing between 10-100% mycosis at ten days post-inoculation. Four isolates identified as Bb9, Bb6, Ma9 and Ma10, were the most pathogenic as ...
Hams M.A. Mohamed1*, Katreen K.G.2, M.W. Abd Al-Azeem1, Faysal A. Wasel2, Ahmed M. Abd-Eldayem3
... forming capability. The pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes, particularly virulent, drug-resistant and biofilm-forming strains, is highlighted in this study and can result in a public health danger when present in raw milk. Therefore, it is essential to keep an eye on bacterial resistance in the setting of food production.
Keywords | Listeria spp., L. monocytogenes, Virulence genes, Biofilm, antimicrobial resistance
...
Chunlan Shan1, Chaoying Liu1, Qin Lu1, Guowen Fu2, Syed Aftab Hussain Shah3, Rana Waseem Akhtar4, Ru Zhao2, Libo Gao2, Chang Liu2, Shushu Miao2, Hongdan Wang2 and Hong Gao2*
...xt-align: justify;">High pathogenicity island (HPI), a critical genomic element of pathogenic Yersiniabactin (Ybt) carries out synthesis, regulation, transportation as well as virulence. As a virulent determinant for the E. coli, the role of HPI in Saba pig was explored to provide some perspective about disease association. This is the first study in which 44 E. coli superior serotype strains were isolated and identified from Yunnan Saba pigs. The genomic DNA ...
A.H. Choshali1, S. Rezaee2, S. Jamali3, H. Reza3, Zamanizadeh4 and F. Rejali5
...nificant decrease in RKN pathogenicity factors (number of galls, eggs, egg sacs and J2) in both tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Inoculation of susceptible roots with AMF significantly reduced the nematode pathogenicity factors. Also the results indicated that the activity of both enzymes increased in the plant with AMF compared with the cucumber roots inoculated with M. incognita alone. Cucumber mycorrhizal roots showed ...
A. M. Rahoo1,*, †, T. Mukhtar2, S. I. Abro3, S. R. Gowen1 and B. A. Bughio4
...ctivity, persistence and pathogenicity for longer periods. In the present study, emergence of Steinernema
feltiae infective juveniles (IJs) from infected Galleria mellonella cadavers was monitored under moist and dry
conditions at 5 and 10oC. Greater numbers of IJs of S. feltiae recovered from G. mellonella cadavers kept at 10oC
than from those kept at 5oC. Likewise, significantly greater number of infective juveniles emerge...
Ahmed S.M.H. EL Roby
...re efficient with higher pathogenicity and virulence in the laboratory than the
other strains and gave the highest corrected mortality percentage in the infestation (from 68.59% to 70.83%). The
LC50 were 25.42 and 45.5 IJs/ insect for the two strains, respectively.
...
I.K.A. Ibrahim1 and Z. A. Handoo2†
...n rice plants....
F. Shahina†, K.A. Tabassum and M.A. Habib*
Hina Safdar1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Arif Mehmood3 and Muhammad Arshad4
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
...al broiler chickens. The pathogenicity studies parameters included the effects on protection, growth performance and clinico-pathological changes. The results indicated that, immunostimulants can keep maternal immunity longer where lector® was the best; the decline in HI titers also indicates that bird groups not contract ND natural infection. The results of performance parameters after immunostimulants administration and challenged with IBDV at 14-days of...
Nachaat Sakr
...ed that the variation in pathogenicity among the FHB population is crucial for developing disease-resistant cultivars. FDK component did not differentiate the eight analyzed cereal genotypes and pathogen strains. Most significantly, stability of cultivars for head blight resistance was fulfilled during seasons as well as under several experimental conditions, suggesting that cultivars with stable and high disease resistance could be incorporated to crossbreedi...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...equired to determine the pathogenicity of the IBDV reassortant and development of new policies for IBDV intervention in the country....
Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1, Bello Ozovehe Banimoh1 and Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1
...p of HIV-2 patients, the pathogenicity of the HIV-2 virus, and the clinical picture of the disease depending on the sex of individuals....
Saddam Hussein Mahmoud* and Shaimaa Nabhan Yassein
...tors that were linked to pathogenicity and the severity of infection. There findings suggest that poor sanitation and a reduction in goat health and nutrition were to blame for the high morbidity incidence of mycotic mastitis in Iraqi goats.
Keywords | Goats, Dairy industry, Mycotic, Mastitis, C. albicans, virulence factors, Yeast’s virulence and biochemical indices
... 
