Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1
...f nitrogen fertilizer on forage production and quality and economic return of fodder maize cultivar Kissan. The experiment was conducted on silt loam soil at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan during 2011. Six nitrogen treatments (80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 kg ha-1) and a control one were studied in this trial. Growth and yield traits and quality such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area plant-1, leaf area index, chlo...
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
...on, the number of pollen foragers returning to the hive entrance was recorded for 10 min duration on hourly basis between 0800 h to 1600 h for 3 days per week. The data was collected at 0800–1000 hours (early morning foraging activity), 1000-1200 hours (late morning foraging activity), 1200-1400 hours (Noon foraging activity) and 1400-1600 hours (afternoon foraging activity). The pollen collected in the pollen trap trays at regular intervals for a period...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
...f bee visitors denied to forage on flowers of the crop. Results revealed that sunflower in blooming stage attracted large number of bee visitors particularly Apis mellifera and A. florea. Visitation/foraging of honeybee contributed significantly towards increase in the yield and quality of sunflower seed.
...
Fermín Lopez-Uriostegui1, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox2,*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chavez1, Virgilio Eugenio Arenas-Fuentes3 and Fernando Vega-Villasante4
...h species feed 24 h, but forage activity differs in intensity in the two species. In M. tenellum repletion index was greatest during the day and M. americanum in the night.
...
Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
...gical traits of alfalfa, forage crop, as factorial and based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cuttings during 2013-14 crop years. The experimental treatments were weed interference and non-interference in two levels (hand weeding and non-hand weeding) and plant density in four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 stems per square meter). The results obtained in two cuttings in the third year of established alfalfa showed that the weeds...
Burhan Azam1, Muhammad Naeem Tahir2,*, Faisal Shahzad2, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Abbas4, Madiha Gohar5 and Saima1
...al diet based on sorghum forage and concentrate ration supplemented with fibrolytic enzyme (Fibrozyme™, Alltech Inc. Company, USA) at four levels (T1 = 0, T2 = 10, T3 = 15 and T4 = 20 g/animal/day) in a 4 × 4 Latin Square change-over design with four experimental periods. Each period consisted of a 14-days enzyme supplementation period following a 3-day transition period without enzyme supplementation between consecutive experimental periods. The r...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz
...sowing technique for oat forage production under salt affected conditions. Two sowing methods i.e. broad cast and drill sowing with 30 cm apart rows and four nitrogen levels (75,100,125 and 150 % of N recommended dose i.e. 150kg ha-) were tested. Recommended dose of PK fertilizer (85-60 PK kg ha-1) was used uniformly with experimental N rates. Data on plant height (132.00 cm), number of plants (91.33 m-2), number of tillers (14...
Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5
...demand of food, feed and forage are needed. Intercropping is an eco-friendly option for sustaining and increasing the productivity of farmlands. Therefore, a field study relating to sunflower-mungbean intercropping intensities under irrigated conditions was conducted at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the spring season, 2014 in RCB design with triplicate run. The treatments included viz. Four sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mung...
Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1 and Muhammad Fiaz2,*
...anure levels for optimum forage yield and organic Hanwoo cattle carrying capacity from 2012-13 to 2014-15. Experiment was conducted under split plot arrangement having 3 main plots (Sole Rye, Rye with hairy vetch and rye with pea) and 4 sub-plots (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha). Findings showed if rye was mixed cropped with hairy vetch, dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield was not different (P>0.05) from control, whereas rye-vetch mixture ...
Nadeem Akmal, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Waqar Akhtar*
...f Beetal with fodder and forage in the area, majority of the farmers (73%) considered it more suitable. There was a price difference of Rs. 1277 for male kids and Rs. 697 for female kids of the same age than the kids from local buck crosses. The farmers believed that the price difference was not only due to the higher weight but a better look and better structure of the Beetal goat. Farming community showed keen interest in using this intervention on a regular...
Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik**, M. Aslam Gill*** and
Nasir M. Cheema*
Corresponding author: parvezkhaliq786@yahoo.com
EFFECT OF TILLAGE AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON MAIZE FODDER YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF PAKISTAN
... it improved the overall forage yield as recorded in RF+FYM treatment. The effect of deep tillage on maize fodder yield was non-significant....
Muhammad Zubair Anwar, M. Azeem Khan, Ikram Saeed, Akhtar Ali*, Shafique Zahid and Abdul Majid**
SMALL FARMERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING IMPROVED FODDER AND FORAGE VARIETIES: RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY ON FARM RESEARCH
...ved fodder varieties and forage species were introduced. About 52 % women were of the view that in rabi season 50% grain yield was increased and 44% said that the increase in dry stalk was about 50%. While in kharif 72% respondents pointed out 55% increase in grain yield and similarly majority of the farmers (68%) pointed out 50% increase in dry stalk yield. Majority of the respondents (83%) appreciated the newly introduced plant species while about 17% have s...
Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*
PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...ormance of five tropical forage legumes namely sesbania (Sesbania aculeata), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), rice beans (Vigna umbellata), lablab bean (Lablab purpureus) and cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) with reference to a cereal fodder reference crop of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and their residual effects on the succeeding oat crop at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, under rainfed conditions without application of fert...
ZafarUllah*, Muhammad Azim Malik*, Muhammad Ansar*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz* and Muhammad Rasheed*
WINTER FORAGE QUALITY OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA), BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE) AND VETCH (VICIA SATIVA) IN PURE STAND AND CEREAL LEGUME MIXTURE
...Pakistan to evaluate the forage quality of oats, barley and vetch grown in pure stands and cereallegume mixtures. Treatments comprised oats pure stand, oats in oatsvetch mixture, barley pure stand, barley in barley-vetch mixture, vetch pure stand, vetch in oats-vetch mixture and vetch in barley-vetch mixture. Forage yield and quality of oats and barley were improved in oats-vetch and barley-vetch mixtures than their respecti...
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Raheel Babar*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASS OF HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS WITH IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...ure are better regarding forage quality and nutrient digestibility and can be recommended as animal feed....
Sohaib Arshad*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar** and Maqbool Shahbaz**
DETERMINATION OF FORAGE QUALITY OF INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC RHODES GRASS ACCESSIONS UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...of grasses as fodder and forage is the most important source of nutrition for cattle as it provides them with metabolizable energy, carbohydrates, proteins and other important minerals. As global warming is increasing, overall water scarcity is resulting in deterioration of natural resources, and it is need of the hour to find fodder crop resources which are more accustomed to change climatic conditions. Hence, different exotic and indigenous varieties of Rhod...
Muhammad Tahir* and Nawal Zafar*
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE OF RABI CEREALS SOWN ALONE AND IN BLENDED POPULATION AT VARIABLE SEED RATIOS
...dry weight plant , green forage yield and dry matter yield were obtained in plots where barley was sown alone at 100% seed ratio. The highest crude fiber and total ash percentage was observed in plots where oat was sown alone at 100% seed ratio and crude protein percentage was highest when oat was blended together with barley at 75% + 25% seed ratios....
Dilawar Khan*, Abid Saeed*, Junaid Ahmad*, Imtiaz Qamar**, Fazal Yazdan**, Saleem ud Din** and Muhammad Tariq**
ASSESSMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN DHRABI WATERSHED AND CHAKWAL REGION IN PAKISTAN
...i-arid environment where forage for rearing of livestock and food for human being is the better option for that land use systems. Dhrabi watershed is one of the areas where, there is a high potential for forage and livestock production. The analysis includes assessment and role of this riparian vegetation which is very helpful for integrated watershed management in different watershed areas. Dhrabi watershed is a catchments ...
Tassadduq Rasool*, Ali Zohaib*, Ehsanullah*, Riaz Ahmad*, Tasawer Abbas*, Tahira Tabassum*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan*
FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY IN PEARL MILLET-SESBANIA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER VARIOUS GEOMETRICAL PATTERNS
...ing of cereal and legume forages following proper planting geometry is an important strategy to achieve higher yield of quality forage. A field experiment was performed to evaluate agroqualitative response of forage pearl millet sown as a base crop and sesbania as intercrop under different geometrical patterns (line sowing of sole pearl millet, line sowing of sole sesbania, cross planting ...
Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
...s an acute deficiency of forages for livestock both in terms of dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN). Green forage availability fluctuates in months of the year due to prevailing climate. Alfalfa, with higher potential, can be adjusted in the cropping system for supplying green forage around the year. Nonetheless, its initial growth for stand establishment is a major issue. ...
Guo-hai Wang1, Zai-xi Yang1, Pan Chen1, Wei-ning Tan2 and Chang-hu Lu1,*
...attracts native birds to forage and disperse its seeds in karst habitats, and that a high level of seed predation by ground-dwelling animals and microhabitat in karst unfavorable for seed germination might be the bottle-neck of its regeneration rather than the lack of seed dispersers....
Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8
...pecially with leguminous forages and form special structure, i.e., nodules, with 90% of Fabaceae family and displayed all possible means for improving the fertility of soils. Rhizobium also forms a symbiotic association with non-legumes because of their great colonizing capability and helps in improving crop growth. Physiological precursors are also used in association with rhizobium because of their higher solubility in water, continuous providence of hormone...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
...volved 8 groups for each forage, 3 different straws (wheat straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw), which comprise of 2 different LiP enzyme treatments (Available –Not Available) and 4 different treatment groups (control, 4% urea, 10% molasses and 14% urea+molasses (4% urea, 10% molasses). Hohenheim gas test was used in in vitro gas production measurements while infrared methane analyzer was used to determine methane production. The experiments were ...
Fiza Asif1,*, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nasra Ashraf1, Nuzhat Shafi1, Abdul Rauf1, Khizra Bano1, Muhammad Razzaq2 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar2
... the number of preferred forage species of Kashmir grey langur i.e. Asculus indica, Cedrus deodara, Vibernum foetens, Pyrus pashia and Eleagnus orientalis in MNP.
...
Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2
...production of fodder and forages in many countries. Managing soil and water salinity under prevailing conditions of Pakistan is very important subject. Use of brackish water increased the salt concentration of soil. Resultantly, the growth of plants and yield becomes at threat. The salt stress is translated into decrease in growth rate and resultantly, biomass production decreases significantly. This reduction is gradual, depending upon increase in salt concen...
Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Najam Ul Hassan1 and Imtiaz A. Qamar3
...h grass has improved the forage quality. Overall, these results has suggested that grass-legume mixtures can improve livestock and pasture productivity, sustainability and as well as to fix atmospheric nitrogen and this may improve soil N status also. These mixtures were also recommended for use in the semi-arid region of Pakistan as it would be beneficial economically. ...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz
...t length, bulb diameter, forage yield and total bulb yield. Results revealed that all the studied parameters were significantly improved with nitrogen application @ 80 and 100 kg ha-1 in ridge sowing. However, 80 kg N ha-1 in ridge sowing documented maximum economic benefit as compared to other treatments and is suggested as most cost-effective technique for turnip production under moderately salt-affected soils. ...
Wen Qin1,2, YanGan Huang1, Lei Wang1, Gonghua Lin1, Jundong Yang1,2, Pengfei Song1,2, Hongmei Gao1,2, Jingjie Zhang1,2 and Tongzuo Zhang1,3,*
... host adapt to different forage conditions. Understanding the relationship between seasonal variations in the gut microbiota and host adaptability is a good basis for the protection of the goitered gazelle. Here, we present our findings on the diversity of the gut microbiota in fecal samples from wild goitered gazelle from Qiadam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are the first such data to be reported. A total of 25 phyla were found, of which the dominant ph...
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
...rus contents in soil and forage from affected pastures were significantly lower than those from healthy areas (P<0.01) and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P) in affected herbages was 13.16:1. Phosphorus contents of blood and hair from the affected animals were also significantly lower than those from healthy animals (P<0.01). Serum alkaline phosphatase values from affected Tibetan gazelles were significantly higher than those from he...
Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ammara Gull e Fareen1,2, Muhammad Shakeel Khokhar1
...onsidered as generalized foragers and cryptic in nature. Collected material was verified using most recent and available literature provided by Bharti and Akbar (2014). Herein we report one species of this genus C. raja (Forel, 1902) based on queen for the first time from Himalayan Foothills of Pakistan. Differential diagnosis, morphometric and illustrations are prov...
Muhammad Rasheed1*, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Ansar1, Asma Hassan1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Hussain Shah4 and Muhammad Arshadullah3
...as conducted to evaluate forage growth and yield of oats (Avena sativa) and vetch (Vicia sativa) grown in mixture stands under conservation and conventional tillage systems. The highest number of tillers plant-1 (11) for Oats was recorded in oats-vetch mixture under conventional tillage (CT) while comparing minimum tillage (MT) to zero tillage (ZT) 43 percent higher yield of oats was obtained under MT. The impact of cereal legume mixture on
Muhammad Usama Hameed*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Sajjad Khan and Allah Bakhsh
Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1
Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... ache, Crotalaria juncea forage for goats and cattle and also toxic alkaloids, particularly in the seeds and pods, Lathyrus cicera is used as a green manure, soil cover for preventing erosion and in breeding program for the plant species, Medicago minima is rich source of vitamins A, C, and E, green manure and fixes atmospheric nitrogen, Robinia pseudo-acacia is astringent, diuretic, emetic, emollient, laxative, poison, purgative, sedative, tonic, emetic and f...
Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1
Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
... behavior, efficiency to forage at low temperature, vibration to burst the pollen sac, high speed to flower visitation at low temperature and solitary colony structure. In northern areas of Pakistan bumblebees are natural pollinators. The various products of honey bee especially honey, royal jelly and bee venom used for the treatment of various diseases like cardiac diseases, hypertension and many others problems. These are the main source of income for entomo...
Muhammad Naeem1,2, Nasir Rajput1,2, Sher Ali3, Asmatullah Kaka2, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro2, Mehvish Rajput2 and Tian Wang1,*
..., so it could be used as forage for ruminants.
...
Sheza Shehzadi1, Mohammad Umar Farooq2*, Rukhsana Kausar1, Ijaz Ali1*, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3 and Maqbool Shahbaz4
...the promising nutritious forage to the livestock on the sustainable basis, feedstock for biofuel and also has proven to be environmental friendly. The purpose of this study is to assess the biomass production of mott grass and its capability to sequester Carbon from the environment in the barani areas of Pothwar region in Pakistan. The research study was conducted under rained condition in the field area of Rangeland Research Institute National Agricultural Re...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...olyphagous pest of food, forage, vegetable and horticultural crops. This sporadic species is becoming an emerging threat to the potato crop in central Punjab and is being evidenced infesting potato crop in Sargodha, Faisalabad and Okara districts. This in-vitro study assessed the comparative feeding preference, food consumption and utilization rates and larval development of S. litura on different white and red skinned potato cultivars. Feeding bioassays revea...
Syed Muhammad Sulaiman, Nazir Ahmad and Nazir Ahmad Khan*
...the genetic variation in forage biomass yield, morphological characteristic, forage nutritional value and digestibility among five selected wheat genotypes. The five cultivars, namely, Pir Sabaq (PS)-15, Bakhtawar-92, PS-2000, National Agriculture Research Council (NARC)-11 and Zam-04 were grown in 12 replicate plots (6 m × 10 m), that were blocked in three fields according to Randomized Complete Block Design. Uniform ...
M. A. Kararah1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Salwa N. Zein2 and Abd-Elrehiem, A.F.3
Jong Ho Ahn1, Jang Hoon Choi1,2 and In Sik Nam1,3,*
...tely fed concentrate and forage (C) or total mixed ration (TMR, T) in the growing and fattening periods. The treatments were GCFC (Concentrate feeding in the growing and fattening periods), GCFT (Concentrate feeding in the growing period and TMR feeding in the fattening period), GTFC (TMR feeding in the growing period and concentrate feeding in the fattening period) and GTFT (TMR feeding in the growing and fattening periods) in a completely randomized design. ...
Jo Ik-Hwan1, Choi Kwang-Won1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Muhammad Fiaz3*
...anure levels for optimum forage productivity in a split plot arrangement having 3 main plots and 4 sub-plots with three replicates. Triticale was cultivated as monocrop, mixed cropped with hairy vetch and winter pea under 3 main plots. Four manure levels were also evaluated under 4 sub-plots: 0 kg N (nitrogen)/ha (control), 50, 100 & 150 kg N/ha. The collected data were analyzed using general linear model procedure through Statistical Analysis Software (SA...
Ahmad Wahyudi1*, Sujono Sujono2, Listiari Hendraningsih2, Ari Prima2, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile3 and
Ivar Zekker4
...ntaining concentrate and forage without urea (CON), TMR, and TMR silage containing 1.5 % urea. The variables have been observed were feed intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) and average daily gain (ADG). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The average DM intake (kg head-1 day-1) for CON, TMR, and TMR silages were 5.15; 6.79; and ...
Hongbin Li1,2, Lei Fang1, 3 and Lei Cao1,2*
...d exclusively on natural forage land, and followed GWI northwards, finally overtaking GWI to arrive at the breeding sites in advance of these dates. These data show that satellite-derived GWI are generally poor predictors of the arrival dates of spring migrating eastern tundra bean geese, but that deviations related to differential habitat use along the flyway and the need to arrive on the breeding areas ahead of snowmelt to coincide subsequent hatching of gos...
Aftab Ahmad Sheikh1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Belqees Akhter1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Hafeezullah Rafa1, Abdul Wakeel1, Abdul Manan Saeed2
... quality and quantity of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Forage sorghum was sown in cemented blocks and five increasing levels of saline water (0.30, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were used to irrigate the crop. Data regarding the plant height, fresh/dry fodder yield, nitrogen free extracts (NFE), crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, phosphorus, and calcium contents were envaulted at the physiological maturity of crop, four ...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,2,3*, Nguyen Van Thu3
...dy in terms of available forage utilization and daily weight gain.
Keywords | Neutral detergent fiber, Beef production, Digestion, Rumen ecology, Ruminants
...
Ijaz Rasool Noorka1,2*, Bilal Ahmad Khan3*, Kafeel Ahmad4, Zafar Iqbal Khan4, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Amer Nawaz2, Tasneem Ahmad5 and Humayun Bashir4
... as food. The fodder and forages are the major nutritional items along with other supplements. In Pakistan and sub-continent, the shortage of fodder and forages is very common particularly in kharif season because shortage of the fresh water resources. The waste water is manly passed down as supplemental irrigation source to irrigate field crops including fodder and forages. The studies sh...
Seon-Ho Kim1, Mahfuzul Islam1,2, A-Rang Son1, Sang-Suk Lee1*
...y steers were fed a high forage (HF) and a high concentrate (HC) diet for two subsequent periods of 21 days under 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. The steers received HF diet had higher pH (P < 0.05). Higher acetate concentration was recorded in the Jersey steers and those received HF diet; however, the Holstein steers and those received HC diet had higher propionate concentration (P < 0.05). The lowest A:P ratio was observed in the Holstein steers an...
Lungile Gumede1,2, Thobela L. Tyasi1, Teedzai Chitura1*, Khanyisile R. Mbatha3
...ce, Haematology, Natural forages, Vaccination ...
Asaad A. Fares1*, Mohamed M. Ghanem2, Yasein M. Abd El-Raof2, Hossam M. El-Attar2, Ameer A. Megahed2, Heba M. El-Khaiat2
...all cows were fed a high-forage, low-energy diet. During the trial, cows were fed a diet formulated for late gestation (15CP, %35.7NDF, P % 0.5, and %1.2Ca) according to NRC, with a resulting DCAD (Na + K − Cl − S) of − 50mEq/ 100g of DM (negative DCAD). After calving, cows were fed a diet formulated for early lactation (%16.5CP, %32.4NDF, P %0.4) in feeding dairy cattle is a way to control the sudden decrease in serum Ca before and immediate...
Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin2, Asad Ali Khan2, Dawood Ahmad4, Ikram Ullah5, Faiq Ahmad2, Sajjad6 and Sikandar Azam1
Lin Li1,2, Pingsheng Ye1, Xi Chen1, Shuping Yan1 and Yuanshu Zhang1*
...The high concentrate/low forage (HC/LF) diets cause a dramatic decline in milk fat secretion. Hepatic lipid metabolism is active when ruminant is on lactation period. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver metabolism adaptation to high-concentrate diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD). Six Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high- concentrate (HC) diet. The...
Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...hoosing more habitats to forage and facing increased intensity of anthropogenic disturbance. Usually feeding in a large flock could provide safety by the vigilance partners through coordinated and synchronous vigilance modes. In this paper, we aimed to shed light on behavioral strategies adaptive to anthropogenic disturbances. Vigilance behavior of wintering Grus monacha was observed to assess the effect of traffic intensity on their vigilance mode at Shengjin...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Sobia Ijaz1, Nauman Ali1, Muhammad Saeed Ashraf1, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Arif1, Jamil Akhtar4, Naeem Iqbal1 and Bushra Zulfiqar5
...) in Pakistan is a vital forage Yield gap because of its palatable and nutritional nature that provides forage in repeated cuttings almost year round is mandatory to be addressed, that is the main focus of the present investigation. The recent investigation was performed to assess the impact of seeding rate consequently plant density on forage and seed tonnage in order to enhance the net r...
Sajid Ali1*, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Amin3, Asad Ali Khan2, Sajjad Khan4, Dawood Ahmad5, Faiq Ahmad2, Maaz Khan2, Sikandar Azam1, Siddique Ahmad2 and Bismillah Khan2
Sherif Abdelghany1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer2, Mohamed Ali Radwan1, Rania Agamy1
...ainly wheat straw. Green forage patterns differed (P = 0.001) in the two districts, where water grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was the major fodder in both districts, followed by corn fodder and clover. The feed intake of concentrate and green fodder for fed buffaloes and cows was higher (P < 0.05) in Nile Valley district. A significant difference (P < 0.05) observed in daily milk and fat-corrected milk (FCM) yields between both districts. Cattle in all ...
Khalid Farooq, Muhammad Tahir and Nazir Ahmad Khan*
...scarcity of good quality forages, and no or insufficient feeding of concentrates. The present study was carried out to address this issue, by developing maize silage and ryegrass forage blend based fattening rations. Five diets containing maize silage and ryegrass in the ratios of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and 70:30 on dry matter (DM) basis in the forage mixture were evaluated in comparis...
Adrial Adrial1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Salundik Salundik2, Ahmad Yani2, Luki Abdullah3
..., P and Cu in peat soil, forage, blood serum and their impact on reproductive performance of beef cows. This study was carried out at peatlands of Pulang Pisau district, Central Kalimantan Province through observation method supported by laboratory analysis. Reproductive performance data were obtained through direct interviews and recording cards. Soil and forage samples were taken from the main fora...
Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva1, Patimat Mitkhatovna Daniyalova1, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2*, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov3
..., feces, hay, silage and forage during the winter retained viability at the level of 22.6, respectively; 28.0; 37.4; 81.6; 74.2; 92.6%. The sanitary and hygienic state of water and soil in 10 mountain rivers in the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria can be assessed as unfavorable from the point of view of contamination with eggs of nematodes of the genus Trichocephalus and other helminths ...
Roni Pazla1, Novirman Jamarun1*, Elihasridas1, Arief1, Gusri Yanti2, Zaitul Ikhlas2
...honia diversifolia) as a forage protein source in Kacang goat rations. Avocado waste to optimize rumen bioprocessing. This research aimed to obtain good performance from Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one yea...
Mohamed S. Abbas1*, Adel E.M. Mahmoud2, Hemat S. Mohamed3, Adam Cieślak4 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel4
...wenty-six wild palatable forage plants were identified and analyzed for pH, NH3, TGP, methane and VFA. The results indicated that in grasses the highest pH and NH3 concentration was found in Aeluropus lagopoides, TGP in Ammophila arenaria and methane in Phragmites australis. In legumes the highest concentration of pH was found in Lygos raetum, NH3 and methane in Vicia sativa and TGP in Trigonella maritime. Whereas, in forbs the highest concentration of pH was ...
Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2
...: A; control ration (60% forage (CF) + 40% concentrate (CC)), B (30% CF + 30% Tithonia diversifolia (T) + cassava leaves (CL)) + 30% CC + 10% palm concentrate (PC) ), C (30% CF + 30% (T+CL) + 20% CC + 20% PC), and D (30% CF + 30% (T+CL) + 10% CC + 30% PC). The parameters observed were milk production, milk fat, and lactose content, intake and digestibility of fat, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and the correlations between fat intake and milk f...
Gulzhan Kalenovna Mussayeva1*, Alikhan Meldebekovich Meldebekov2, Nurgul Alikhanovna Meldebekova2, Gulshat Imanzhankyzy Shaykamal1, Batyrkhan Azimkhanovich Buralkhiyev2, Nurkuisa Mirzabekovich Rametov3 and Kanat Zhumanov4
...matic, technological and forage conditions of the farm. When selecting, special attention should be paid to the strength of the hoofed horn and the duration of commercial use. For the given purposes it is recommended to use such bulls of the Wis Burke Ideal line whose average milk productivity exceeds that of their coevals and the breed standard and simultaneously allows to keep productive longevity and reproductive ability. The results obtained in the course ...
Riswandi1*, Ali Aim1, Muhakka1, Afnur Imsya1, Agus Wijaya2
...t-align: justify;">Swamp forage is an alternative feed for ruminants due to as a source of nutrients and phytochemicals (tannins and saponins), including water mimosa, giant molests, and water chestnuts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swamp forages combination in the ration on the characteristics of rumen fermentability and methane production. The design used was completely randomized design (CRD) ...
Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*
... matter supply from both forage and concentrate and the average daily gain of Bali cattle at the breeding center in Pulukan, Jembrana Regency, Bali Province. This study used an analytical survey approach. Data collection consisted of interviews and observations based on a questionnaire. The observed forage land area was 96.5 ha, including cropland of 26.5 ha and pasture of 70 ha. A total of 760 Bali cattle were observed to d...
Sigit Bintara1*, Riyan Nugroho Aji1, Panjono2, Ali Agus3
...ing cage and served with forage and concentrate (CP 16%) at 10% and 3% to the body weight, respectively. There were also added some egg yolk citrate diluent of 2.9% (v/v), Sodium citrate dihydrate buffer, 100 mL of distilled water, and an egg yolk mixture to a proportion of 20% egg yolk 8% (v/v) glycerol (Merck, Germany), penicillin (1,000 IU/mL), and streptomycin (1,000 mg/mL). Sperm was diluted to 50 million/mL and treated with lycopene extract levels of 0% ...
Fadzlin Afiqah A. Samad2, Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1, Muhamad Affan Ab Azid1, Hafizin Mu’izz Zalazilah1, Syakirah Zulkifli1, Izreen Edriana Mohd Jasmi1, Muhammad Baqir Irfani Rahimin Affandi1, Mohd Zamri Saad1, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Agung Irawan3,7, Adib Norma Respati4, Anuraga Jayanegara5,7, Sadarman Sadarman6,7, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,2,7*.
...the relationship between forage to concentrate (FC) ratio, nutrient constituent, and nutrient intake on milk production and milk component in dairy buffalo. A dataset comprised of 89 comparisons from multi-species of buffaloes were analyzed according to a linear mixed model methodology with explanatory variables declared as fixed effects and individual study as random effects. The results showed a negative curvilinear pattern of milk yield across buffaloes&rsq...
Roy Malindo1, Hosea Abdiel Duto Wicaksono2, Maskur2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Osfar Sjofjan4, Siti Chuzaemi4*
...i.e., cattle population, forage production, and concentrate supplementation. The model predicted that the level of feed supply would increase as forage production was increased the cattle population was reduced and although concentrate supplementation was decreased. The simulations of three scenarios revealed that a combination of scenarios across the cattle-forage-concentrate nexus appear...
Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*
...wing different ratios of forage: supplementation feeding regime. This study described the effects of supplementing Brachiaria decumbens grass (G) received either concentrate (C) or mixed with bypass fat (B) supplement on the in-vitro rumen fermentation and microbial ecosystem of Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes. Three males Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes consuming 100% DM of fresh B. decumbens were used as rumen contents donors. The in-vitro ruminal fermenta...
Yao Xixi1, Zhou Rui2* and Ma Yinshan3
...f phenological phases on forage nutrient composition, rumen fermentation parameters and content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk of grazing yak. In this study, 10 female Gannan yaks with an average body weight of 234.9±10.5 kg were selected for research purpose (natural grazing) in Gannan Pastoral Area of Gansu Province. The forage, rumen fluid and milk samples were collected during green-up time, flowering t...
Novirman Jamarun1, Roni Pazla1*, Arief2, Elihasridas1, Gusri Yanti3, Rani Winardi Wulan Sari4, Zaitul Ikhlas4
...ersifolia as a source of forage protein. This study aims to determine the intake, body weight gain, and digestibility of nutrients of goats fed mangrove leaves and T. diversifolia with different levels. The research employed 16 one-year-old goats and divided them into groups according to their body weight. The concentrate utilized in the study comprised tofu dregs, corn, rice bran, palm kernel cake, minerals, and salt. A randomized block design with four treat...
Deny Anjelus Iyai1*, Ambo Ako2, Sitti Nurani Siradjuddin2, Budiman Nohong2
Mudawamah Mudawamah1*, Sumartono Sumartono1, G. Ciptadi2, E. Susanto3, Y. Hartoyo4, L. Affandhy5,6
...(2% of body weight), and forage (10% of body weight). The results showed that morphology, physiology, and total protein did not show a significant relationship (p>0.05) to differentiate broodstock in a single or twin brood in Sapudi sheep or their crosses, except for Suffas sheep. Total protein could show the difference between twin lambs having total protein > 6.36 g/dL and single lambs having total protein < 6.36 g/dL. The conclusion was that there ...
Caiyun Li1, Tao Xu2, Luyang Zhang3, Xuesong Yan4, Yu Xin5, Li Li6 and Jinghua Chen7*
...iously impeded cause the forage fish as main sources of baits. This study reviewed the current situation of snakehead culture in Shandong, compared the advantages and disadvantages of feeding forage fish and compound feed for snakehead culture. In addition, the development status and trend of compound feed for snakehead were analyzed. This review will provide insights into the green aquaculture development and industrial upg...
Shaker B. Al Suwaiegh
...% concentrates and 50.0% forages. The four diets formulated according to replacement of alfalfa hay with giant reed were control alfalfa hay diet (T1; 50.0% alfalfa hay) and giant reed rations (T2 20.0% alfalfa hay and 30.0% giant reed; T3 10.0% alfalfa hay and 40.0% giant reed; T4 50.0% giant reed). Nutrients digestibility, body weight, physiological parameters and serum metabolites were investigated during the study. The results indicated that the diets with...
Slamet Widodo1*, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy1, Teguh Wahyono2, Yeni Widiawati1, Zultinur Muttaqin1
...as production of several forages in Indonesia that could help to develop prediction equations about feed digestibility and gas production to these forages. Parameters measured in this study were crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, fat, minerals, dry matter digestibility with pepsine (DMdPeps), organic matter digestibility with pepsine (OMdPeps), nitrogen digestibility with p...
Arief1*, Roni Pazla2
... mixture of high-quality forages such as Mirasolia diversifolia (Md), Indigofera zoolingeriana (Iz), and Gliricidia sepium (Gs) with palm concentrate (PC). We used a completely randomized design, implementing four treatments with four replicates as follows: Treatment T1: Control; 60% Company Ration + 40% Company Concentrate, T2: 60% (Md+Gs) + 15% CC +25% PC, T3: 60% (Iz+Gs) + 15% CC + 25% PC, T4: 60% (Md+Iz) + 15% CC +25% PC. The findings indicated that there ...
Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna
...e. The feed provided was forage and concentrate with a rate of 10% of the cow’s body weight. Cattle were intensively reared in a semi-permanent housing system. Disease prevention has been done well, especially to handled worm diseases. The average income of farmers from livestock early was only IDR 4,677,545 or IDR 389,795/month. This income does not cover the daily needs of the farmer’s family, and as a result farmers turn to other sources of inco...
Zain Ali1, Amjed Ali1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Muhammad Asif1, Adnan Ashraf1, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Iram Inayat2, Aneela Nijabat3 and Rameez Hussain3,4
...age is the term used for forage with a high moisture content preserved by fermentation. The main objectives of making silage are to preserve forage for use in those seasons when fresh forage is not available, to preserve forage when there is a surplus of it during the growing season, and to preserve forage that cannot ...
Mathew O. Ayoola1*, Kayode Sasona1, Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun2, Tolulope O. Faniyi3, Abel O. Oguntunji1, Tunde E. Lawal1
...d three feeding systems (forage only [F1], concentrate feed only [F2], and forage + concentrate [F3]) in a 3x3 factorial completely randomized experimental design for ten weeks. The study found that the main effect of housing and feeding systems with their interaction had a significant (p<0.05) effect on measured growth and hematological parameters. Measured serum biochemical indices of rabbits were not significantly (p&g...
Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara, Eko Pangestu, Marry Christiyanto, Santoso Dwi Pratomo, Elyza Zahrotul Muhtaromah
...e of feed in the form of forage elephant grass with different levels concentrat of 25, 50 and 75%, and control treatment in the form of rations that are usually given by farmers. The parameters observed were Dry Matter digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter digestibility (OMD) and Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN). The results showed that giving treatment feed in the form of the addition of concentrate at different levels containing additional tree legume did not s...
Nguyen Binh Truong1,3*, Nguyen Ba Trung1,3, Nguyen Thi Bich Hạnh2,3
Yongtao Xu1, Dandan Wang1, Xiaolong Hu1, Minling Li1, Ming Tang1, Wuhua Liu2, Jianwen Zhan2 and Weiwei Zhang1*
...nment indicated that the forage plants of sika deer belong to 82 families, and 110 genera. An alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The NMDS analysis found considerable overlap at the three sampling sites, and the niche breadths of SS (Fir forests), MP (The nursery base), and NJS (Nie Jiashan) were 9.593, 9.426, and 9.419, respectively. High-throughput sequencing and metabarcoding trnL could provide higher taxo...
Elly Roza*, Salam N. Aritonang, Yulia Yellita, Hilda Susanty, Rizqan
...ding feed based on local forages to increase milk production. This research is an experimental study with the Latin Square Design (LSD), using four female Murrah buffaloes as research samples with the following feeding: P1 = basal feed (10% of body weight); P2= 30% sweet potato leaves + 30% cassava leaves + 40% of P1 + urea saka block (USB); P3 = 40% sweet potato leaves + 40% cassava leaves + 20% P1 +USB; P4 = 50% sweet potato leaves + 50% cassava leaves + USB...
Ruth Dameria Haloho1*, Jisril Palayukan1, Agus Setiadi2, Edy Rianto2, Nadlirotun Luthfi3
Ida Indrayani*, Andi Andri, Tevina Edwin
... animal feed, especially forage by utilizing agricultural and plantation waste becomes an essential factor in developing a sustainable beef cattle business. We aimed to determine the potential for beef cattle development, and analyze the index and sustainability status based on four sustainable dimensions. We collected data from 60 beef cattle farmers in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Livestock feed requirements are based on dry matter diges...
KAFEEL AHMAD1, NIMRA ARSHAD1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, HAFSA MEMONA4, MADIHA SANA4, KHALID NAWAZ5, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, TASAWAR ABBAS6, ABRAR HUSSAIN7, MUHAMMAD SHER8, MUHAMMAD FAHAD ULLAH6, MUHAMMAD AKRAM QAZI9, MUHAMMAD NADEEM10, MUHAMMAD RIZWAN QURESHI10
...vy metal accumulation in forage poses a threat of toxic effects on the cattle. This study includes collection of forage, soil and buffalo blood samples to analyze heavy metals in them. Forages, soil and buffalo blood were collected from six sites of sampling. Out of which 5 sites were on the roadside and one site was away from the road. Grinding of the collected samples of soil and
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8
...risks of heavy metals in forages. Forages both forsummer and winter were grown with different water treatments (sewage and tap water). The concentration of cadmium in water, root and forage samples was determined. Moreover, bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals and health risk index were calculated. In tap water Cd value was 0.54 mg/L and in sewage water, it...
Putri Okta Shafura1, Mardiati Zain2*, Elihasridas2, Bima Bagaskara1, Ummi Amanah1, Laras Sukma Sucitra1, Bella Veliana Utami1, Roni Pazla2, Erpomen2, Ezi Masdia Putri3, Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat2, Riris Delima Purba3, Ruslan Abdul Gopar3, Putut Suryo Negoro3
...n a 50:50 composition of forage and concentrate, including P0 (Control), P1 (0.5% S. cerevisiae), P2 (0.3% sulfur), and P3 (0.5% S. cerevisiae + 0.3% sulfur). The Tilley and Terry in-vitro methods were utilized to measure rumen characteristics, nutrient digestibility, protozoan population, microbial protein synthesis, and methane gas production. The results revealed a significant impact (P < 0.05) of these treatments on nutrient digestibility and rumen ferm...
Xin Yan Ku1, Phek Jin Kwong1*, Chaiw Yee Teoh1, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman2, Fakar Fariz3
...acers, as well as tropic forages like dwarf Napier grass and Trichanthera gigantea for pre-weaning Boer crossbred kids. Proximate analyses were conducted on the feed ingredients and the newly formulated feed before the feeding trial. Twelve (n=12), single-born Boer x Jamnapari crossbred kids, with an average birth weight of 3.25 kg and body condition scoring of 3 to 3.5 were randomly divided into two dietary treatment groups (n=6 per group), each c...
Iqtidar Hussain1*, Muhammad Inam Ullah Qaisrani1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Zuhair Hasnian2, Umar Khitab Saddozai1, Muhammad Naeem4, Hadia Gul5 and Moneeza Abbass3
...rted to reduce grain and forage yields about by 40-90%. The spread of parthenium has been attributed to its alllelopathic potential. Allelochemicals released from parthenium have been reported to decrease germination and growth of agronomic crops, vegetables, trees and many other weed species. Growth promoting effects of parthenium extracts at low concentrations have also been reported in certain crops. A laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the g...
Ping Sheng Ye1, Lin Li2, Yu Long Wu3 and Yuan Shu Zhang1*
...nt design with different forage to concentrate rations of 40:60 (the control group) and 60:40 (the high-concentrate group), respectively. During the experiment, milk samples were collected to assay the content of milk compositions; plasma samples were collected to measure the content of IGF-1 and GH. The liver and mammary gland samples were collected to observe the expression of IGF-1R and GH. The results showed that compared with the control group, the conten...
