Stephen Suleyman Schwartz
...laim that extremism and terror are not aspects of Islamic history. To declare, as even French president Francois Hollande did, “these terrorists and fanatics... have nothing to do with the Muslim religion” is inaccurate....
Massimo Pigliucci, K.D.
... been written about the terrorist attack on the satirical paper Charlie Hebdo, which took place on 7 January 2015. Some of the commentary has been insightful, some full of pious platitudes about defense of free speech by sources with not exactly a stellar record in that department, and some of it has ranged from the woefully uninformed to the downright awful. It is, therefore, with some recalcitrance that I write these lines, particularly because I’m com...
Ozgur Koca
...ce of many militant and terrorist organizations like al-Qaeda, ISIL, Boko Haram and the escalation of sectarian violence between the Shi’a and the Sunnis in Iraq and Syria....
Frank Griffel
...y such horrific acts of terrorism is to say: We have done nothing wrong. In fact, the collective wearing of signs with “Je suis Charlie” (“I am Charlie”) says: We would do it all over again. Last week, almost a whole nation lined up at French newsstands to buy the first issue of “Charlie Hebdo” after the attacks on the satirical magazine. It showed yet another caricature of a dark-skinned man in white jelabiyya and turban ca...
Ali Sina
...erned about the rise of terrorism.Tens of thousands have come out to demonstrate....
Marcus Mann
...is thoughts on the 9/11 terrorist attacks’ implications to a word processor. What started as an itch evolved into his first book, The End of Faith: a scathing indictment of religion, which in his opinion, was an impetus just as effective and real as the jet engines that propelled the terrorists’ weapons of choice to their targets. The End of Faith was the first of four polemics that have come to symbolize what is...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...rticular, the top three terrorist groups in 2013 responsible for the most killings have had religious leaders in very senior positions. Calling the sharia bluff as a core part of a counterterrorism approach may be central to undermining the influence of religious leaders who espouse violence or undercut the value of modern education, and the ideology of radicals. Not least of all, this approach, as history suggests, has a go...
Ecevit Eyduran1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Abdul Waheed3, Senol Celik4, Koksal Karadas5 and Wilhelm Grzesiak2
...(r) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were used as goodness-of-fit criteria, among others. A 10-fold-cross validation was applied to train and test CART, CHAID and ANN and to estimate MR coefficients. The most significant BW predictors were sex, rump height, shank circumference and head girth. The r value ranged from 0.82 (MLP1) to 0.86 (RBF and MR). The lowest RMSE (3.94 kg) was found for RBF and the highest one (4.49 kg) for MLP1. In general, the applied alg...
Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1
...he Fox model under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma were 25 860.07 t (R2 = 0.864), 26 812.65 t (R2 = 0.836) and 26 665 t (R2 = 0.85), respectively. The MSY values with Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models under two error assumptions normal and log-normal were 29 160.13 t (R2 =0.84) and 30 455.5 t (R2 =0.807), respectively. The values of Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models were the same. The gamma
Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*
...ing the root mean square error, R2 % and asymptotic correlation coefficient criteria. We concluded that the Gompertz and Richards models were favourable for singletons and that the Richards model was favorable for determining twin Colored Mohair goat growth characteristics. Birth type should be considered in subsequent genetic evaluations. Furthermore, producing heavier carcasses (13-17 kg) in < 150 days may increase productivity and efficiency of the goat ...
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
..., relative approximation error (RAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Pearson correlation between actual and predicted weaning weights were estimated for each combination. It was determined that CHAID algorithm constructed more suitable tree structures, biologically in comparison to Exhaustive CHAID and CART data mining algorithms. Consequently, it is recommended that the biological suitability of the constructed tree structu...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
Semra Benzer1,* and Recep Benzer2
...sup>2), sum square error (SSE), mean absolute percentage error performance criteria (MAPE) were used for comparison of artificial neural network and linear regression models goodness of fit. The results of the current study show that ANNs can be a superior estimation tool compared to LWR equation. Thus, as an outcome of the present study, ANNs can be considered as a finer method especially in the growth estimation of t...
Muhsan Ali Kalhoro1,2, Danling Tang1,*, Ye Hai Jun1, Morozov Evgeny1, Sufen Wang1 and Muhammad Aslam Buzdar2
...alue from Fox with three error assumptions (normal, lognormal and gamma) were 3378 (R2=0.590), 3360 (R2=0.582), 3369 (R2 =0.586), respectively, whereas the obtained values from Schaefer and Pella-Tomlinson with three error assumptions were 2878 (R2=0.587), 3035 (R2=0.578) and gamma were minimization failure (MF) in both models. The MSY estimated value from ASPIC from Fox...
Mustafa Sahin1,*, Esra Yavuz1 and Fatih Uckardes2
... variables, the standard errors and VIF values of the partial regression coefficients in the LS method were found to be quite high. Therefore, the RR and PCR methods were used as an alternative to LS. Compared with LS, PCR and RR led to small standard deviations and more accurate and more reliable partial regression coefficients. As a result, it was concluded that the use of RR and PCR analysis methods could be more accurate instead of the LS method under mult...
Saleem Abid1*, Nasir Jamal2, Muhammad Zubair Anwar3 and Saleem Zahid4
...in Pakistan. Forecasting errors namely mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean squared deviation (MSD) were used as model selection criteria. Lowest values of these errors indicated a best fitting model. The study showed that exponential growth model was appropriate for forecasting potato area and production in Pakistan due to lowest values of the fore...
Sobia Naheed*, Irum Raza*, M. Zubair Anwar*, Nusrat Habib*, Naheed Zahra* and Sabeen Siddiqui*
FORECASTING AREA AND PRODUCTION OF BARLEY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean squared deviation (MSD). The values of these
measures were lowest for the double exponential smoothing method, therefore, this method was selected for predicting barley production and area in Punjab from 2012 to 2016. Five years forecast for barley area in Punjab was 26.140,
25.360, 24.580, 23.800, 23.020 ha and forecast of barley production in Punjab was 24.620, 23.950, 23.270, 22.60...
Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*, Ayesha Tahir**, Irum Raza* Saleem Abid* and Muhammad Nisar Khan*
TREND ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF WHEAT AND RICE IN PAKISTAN
...itted model with minimum error. Five year average prices for the individual crop(s) were also calculated to observe the past trend. The study demonstrates that for wheat and rice (Basmati and IRRI); S-Curve model is recommended for forecasting price. The study presents an insight to national policy makers regarding the essential crops and provides them with a reference range of price in future so that they may be able to effectively deal with the increasing co...
Naheed Zahra*, Nadeem Akmal*, Sobia Naheed*, Nusrat Habib*, Sabeen Siddiqui* and Irum Raza*
TREND ANALYSIS OF RICE AREA AND YIELD IN PUNJAB
... On the basis of minimum errors of accuracy measure quadratic model was selected. The estimated results revealed that there is an increasing trend in the area and yield of rice in Punjab. The area of rice was 276800 ha in 2012 and would be 2934280 ha in 2016. Likewise results about yield indicated that it was -1 -1 2438kg ha in 2012 and would be 2678kg ha in 2016. This increasing trend will provide a great opportunity for rice export from the country....
Saleem Abid*, Anum Fatima*, Sobia Naheed*, Asrar Sarwar** and Muhammad Nisar Khan*
DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL FORECASTING MODEL FOR DATES PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
...mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean squared deviation (MSD). Double exponential trend was located to be best fitted model among other five models (linear trend, quadratic trend , exponential growth , s-curve and moving average) for estimating predicted values of area and production of dates for upcoming seven years. The estimated values of area and production represent increasing trend were 2.2, 93.8, 95.5, 97.2, 98.0,...
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
...b>) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. Janosheck model was chosen as the most appropriate model for its highest R2 (0.999) and smallest RMSE (0.124). Growth related parameters (A, B, k, and d) of the Janoscheck non-linear model were estimated as 43.000, 0.905, 0.124 and 0.950, respectively. To conclude, it could be suggested that the Janoscheck non-linear model might help breeders who aim to make precise decisions on optimum slaughtering t...
Sadaf Noveen1*, Shaista Habib Ullah2, Babar Alam3
...ese 33% had substitution errors, 60% distortion errors, and 3.03% omission errors whereas no addition errors were found. The correlation of 0.763 positive relationships between two variables was noticed. High percentage of distortion errors among children having OMM defects shows strong connection between the two other...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...ence interval (C.I). The error margin was 5% and the prevalence of postpartum haemorrhage was 16.5%. Data was entered and analyzed through SPSS 17. In this study, the mean age of study participants was found to be 29.89±5.89 years while the mean gestational age was 38.86±1.38 weeks. Postpartum haemorrhage was observed in 35.45% cases. Blood loss was recorded in patients with a mean of 374±134.91 mL. Statistically, a highly significant diff...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
Tevfik Ceyhan1,*, Osman Samsun2 and Okan Akyol1
...parameters with standard errors were L∞= 55.74 ±26.75 cm, K= 0.28 ±0.42, and t0=-1.68 ±2.02. Natural, fishing and total mortality of the garfish were 0.47, 0.69 and 1.16, respectively. The current study revealed that about 68% of the fish caught were of size smaller than the first maturity length. In addition, exploitation rate was found to be higher than optimum. On the other words, there is a fishing pressure ...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Dai Guilin1,*, Chen Zhuo1, Yin Hengbin1 and Muhammad Noman2
...in CEDA along with three error assumptions (EAs) viz., normal error assumption (NEA), log-normal error assumption (LNEA) and gamma error assumption (GEA). On the other hand, in ASPIC two SPMs viz., Fox Model (FM) and Logistic Model (LM) were employed. MSY estimates for Carangoides fishery by using CEDA and ASPIC were between 1404-1709 t (to...
Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2,*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...p>) and root mean square error (RMSE). Deviance information criterion (DIC) and the square of correlation (R2) between observed body weight and the predicted value’s marginal density means and RMSE were used as evaluation measures in the Bayesian setup. Both approaches were strongly in favor of the Brody model as the best fit model than the competing nonlinear growth models for Thalli sheep. Results displayed that complex nonlinear functions c...
Senol Celik
... AICc), root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), standard deviation ratio (SDratio), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were estimated. According to these criteria, MARS produced better predictive accuracy in explaining the variability in LBW compared with others. MARS produced the best fit for 3rd interaction order on the basis of the smallest generalized cross validation (GCV). In the...
Iftikhar Ud Din* and Qamruz Zaman
...ffect size, SE (standard error) of the effect size and power of the test, additional factors like, magnitude of the ICC (Intra Class Correlation), total number of clusters, the number of parameters to be estimated, and the information whether the design is balance or unbalance play a significant role and discussed in the present study. ...
Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro
... (PT-M) along with three error assumptions (EAs), log (L-EA), log normal (LN-EA) and gamma (G-EA), were used in CEDA while two SPMs, Fox (F-M) and logistic (L-M) were used in ASPIC. In CEDA, for initial proportion (IP) 0.9, F-M for L-EA and LN-EA estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) as 2593 t and 2282 t. However, G-EA produced minimization failure (MF). Estimated MSY for L-EA and LN-EA through S-M and PT-M were remained same viz. 3523 t and 4584 t,...
Mustafa Koyun1*and Şenol Çelik2
...ficient (GCV), square of error squared mean (RMSE) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) statistics were the minimum, the determination coefficient (R2) and Adj R2 values were maximum. In order to estimate the parasitic distribution of the host fish according to the total weight, the two different MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) model R2 values respectively; 0.973 and 0.989; Adj. R2 values were 0.967 ...
Qaisar Mehmood1*, Maqbool Hussain Sial1, Saira Sharif1, Abid Hussain2, Muhammad Riaz3 and Nargis Shaheen4
...model with less forecast error. Forecast values for the fisheries production from 633.974 to 720.196 tons for the year 2017-2026 shows a significant increase in the fisheries production. The proposed ARIMA (2,1,3) model for forecasting is helpful for fish producers, researchers, business men, and planning their resources as well as decision making regarding the export and production of fisheries in Pakistan. ...
Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2
...e residuals and standard error. Homogeneity of variance and normality of residuals were also validated for checking accuracy of the model. The result can be used for estimation of the above ground biomass and carbon stocks in subtropical pine forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and other areas which represent similar ecological conditions. ...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...s Cointegration test and error correction model (ECM) is applied to estimate the long run and the short run relationship amongst the variables. The long-run analyses revealed the existence of a positive relationship among variables. The coefficient of ECM term (-0.389026) was found to be negative and statistically significant, which validates stable long-run relationship among variables, with a speed of 39 per cent to restore disequilibrium in case of any shoc...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...etric means and standard errors of SCC were 82.4±3.3x103 cells/ml and 60.1±3.4x103 cells/ml, respectively. These results indicate that 100% the SCC of buffalos’ milk sample are in accordance with the limits indicated in the related regulations of the Turkish Food Codex and of the European Union Commission. It was determined that SCC in raw milk obtained from Anatolian Water Buffalos grown in Igdir province was suitable...
Samreen Fatima1*, Mudassir Uddin1
COMPARISON OF ASYMMETRIC GARCH MODELS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR STOCK MARKETS PREDICTION, A CASE STUDY
...d using root mean square error. In the A-GARCH;
EGARCH (1,1) performed better than PGARCH(1,1) in both stock market data. However, when comparing A-GARCH
with ANN, it was found that ANN gave minimum out sample forecasting error as compared to A-GARCH models.
Therefore, ANN out played other studied models....
EGARCH (1,1) performed better than PGARCH(1,1) in both stock market data. However, when comparing A-GARCH
with ANN, it was found that ANN gave minimum out sample forecasting error as compared to A-GARCH models.
Therefore, ANN out played other studied models....
Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2
DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...tors to reduce switching error and clock feed through. The
proposed design has a symmetric structure in terms of W/L ratios,transistor positioning and number of transistors in
both up and down network, which produces a stable charging operation and reduces the spurious jumps in the output
voltage. The overall output noise including thermal and flicker noise of the complete design at high frequencies is
as low as -213 db at 4GHz. The...
proposed design has a symmetric structure in terms of W/L ratios,transistor positioning and number of transistors in
both up and down network, which produces a stable charging operation and reduces the spurious jumps in the output
voltage. The overall output noise including thermal and flicker noise of the complete design at high frequencies is
as low as -213 db at 4GHz. The...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
... terms of average symbol error under various ranges of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probabilities. A three node system i.e. source, relay and destination, placed on the edges of equilateral triangle, has been proposed using Maximal ratio Combiner (MRC) method by combining signals from source and relay at destination point. The transmission path is modeled as a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading in the presence of additive white Gaussian...
Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1
A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...f reactive power sharing errors. These errors are minimized by utilizing the proportional integral (PI) controller. The PI controller modifies the y-intercept
and the slop of Q-E (Reactive Power –Voltage) droop characteristic for the correction of reactive power sharing error. Moreover, the parameters of droop and PI controller of in...
Sikandar Bilal Khattak1*, and Iftikhar Hussain1
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT CONSCIENCE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN USING SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
...ts for a developing and terror hit country like Pakistan. This paper identifies and quantifies the environmental conscience factors, respectively. The data is then analyzed through Taguchi Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) to rank the factors. The results indicate that factors such as type of soil, which has some economic benefits or factors such as clean water, which are client requirements, are mostly considered, whereas factors such as recycla...
Altaf Hussain Rajpar1, Abdul Hameed Memon1, Mohammad Akram Shaikh2, Weimin Zhang3
HAND-EYE COORDINATION FOR OBJECT GRASPING TASK OF HUMANOID ROBOT (BHR-02)
...position and orientation error for object grasping task. In the hand-eye model world coordinate system was set on right shoulder joint. The position and orientation of the hand was obtained through coordinate transformation from left eye coordinate system to end-effector coordinate system. The results presented in this paper justify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
...
Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***
DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...sitivity and poor output error dynamics are addressed and a multi-objective optimization problem is solved using LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) formulation. Fast output feedback gains are computed using LMI tool for MATLAB. An advanced fast output sampling controller is evaluated for power maneuvering from 270 MWth to 310 MWth on the nuclear power plant in Pakistan and found highly efficient and satisfactory within the control design cons...
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
Muhammad R. Khan1, Bushra A. Rakha1,* and Muhammad S. Ansari2
...um range, mean, standard error, percentage of various parameters in total length and head length were estimated. The meristic characters showed very limited or no variation in all four species. A total of 28 specimens, including 6 species belonging to genera Schizothorax and Schizothoraicthys were investigated. The species found in river Swat were Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothoraicthys esocinus, Schizothoraicthys labiatus, Schizothorax richardsonii, S...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal3, Iftikhar Zeb1,4 and Muhammad Azeem Khan1,5
...uced due to instrumental errors.
...
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1,2, Sikandar Almani3, Lal Bux4, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto2, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Farman Ali Chandio2, Shakeel Hussain Chattha2, Zaheer Ahmed Khan2, Zubair Ahmed Soomro5,Babar Mustafa Ansari6 and Kunjie Chen1*
...ompares residual to pure error and significance of analysis of variance which is essential for testing the applicability of the model. Predicted optimum temperature and time were 63 ºC and 142.5 min respectively and predicted length, width, thickness, TKW, bulk density, true density, porosity and hardness under these conditions were 6.72mm, 3.32mm, 2.27mm, 27.38 g, 716.78 kg m-3, 1459.14 kg m-3, 51.24% and 45.26 N respectively. The r...
Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1
...and prone to significant error rate. This study examines the prevalence of abnormal and unsatisfactory Pap smear among women attending Federal Medical Center Birnin Kebbi. The study was a retrospective review of all Conventional Papanicolaou smear registry data of women who underwent a cytological examination at the cytology unit of the FMC Birnin Kebbi spanning a period of 10 years (2009-2019). The study used a hospital-based archive that covers the entire Ke...
Jehan Dastagir, Muhammad Amir*, Bilal Ur Rehman, Shahid Hameed and Majad Ashraf
...for maintaining high and error free data rates. The work in this paper directly investigates possible attainment of optimized TCP congestion control over wired networks through a proposed modification done to one of the existing TCP protocols. Firstly, the proposed approach looks into various queue limits e.g. Drop Tail and RED. Evidently, a comparison of these two queue limits vividly demonstrates that RED demonstrates a better performance when it comes to at...
Ahmet Arpacık
...(means ± standard errors [SE]) were observed to be 6.66 ± 1.22, 6.02 ± 0.75, and 5.56±5.57 cm in C. aureus, V. vulpes, and C. lupus, respectively. The highest medullary index (0.72 ± 0.52 μm) was recorded in C. aureus followed by V. vulpes (0.70 ± 0.56 μm) with the lowest in C. lupus (0.42 ± 0.64 μm). Hair root diameter values were determined as 136.27±29...
Jialiang Han1, Guohou Liu1*, Wenke Bai2,3, Qixian Zou4, Ye Cao5, Caiquan Zhou2,3*, and Guy Michael Williams6
...ultaneous autoregressive error model (SAR). We found that habitat use intensity of François’ langur was positively correlated with slope and distance to roads but was negatively correlated with elevation and distance to bee-keeping locations and grazing locations. The effects of each different human disturbance type were consistently correlated with one another, except for distance to bee-keeping locations and grazing locations. Our results indica...
Syed Rashid Ali1*, Saad Uddin Khan1 and Ahmed Raza ul Mustafa2
...o-integration and Vector error correction model to assess the short run and long run association between the exchange rate variability and rice production in Pakistan. The results confirm that the appreciation in the exchange rate will adversely affect rice production in Pakistan. This negative and significant relationship confirms the risk-averse behaviour of Pakistani rice producers. Parameters stability is checked by the Cusum and Cusumq statistics. Policym...
Farrukh Ilyas1, Durdana Qaiser Gillani2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal4, Iqbal Javed5*, Shahbaz Ahmad6 and Iftikhar Nabi7
Farhat Iqbal1, Abdul Waheed2*, Zil-e-Huma3 and Asim Faraz2
...uch as the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, mean absolute percentage error, coefficient of determination and the correlation between the actual and predicted body weights were calculated. A 10-fold cross validation was used on the training dataset for tuning the hyperparameters of the models whereas a separate testing dataset was used for evaluation of the predictive performan...
Tilahun Woretaw1, Netsanet Beyero2*, Yonatan Kassu3
...ges, means, and standard errors of the mean. At the same time quantitative data were subjected to ANOVA. P. schimperiana leaves and twigs were used as animal feed, traditional medicinal value, and source of income as indicated by 100, 59.4, and 44.6% of respondents, respectively. As animal feed, about 100, 80.2, 69.3, 58.4, 50.5, 42.6, 30.7, 19.8, and 5.9% of them utilized to supplement their milk cow, dry cow, heifers, calves, oxen, bull, sheep, goat, and equ...
Yongjie Xue1, Jinling Yan1, Huifeng Zhao1*, Haijing Zheng2 and Changhai Ma1
Hua Liu, Wei Hou, Li Peng, Changjun Peng, Yansen Cai and Jing Li*
...ories and low genotyping error, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) are considered to be preferable molecular markers for genetic population analysis. SNP markers that are suitable for non-invasive samples are important to wild population investigations in endangered species. Based on the whole genome sequences of Macaca thibetana, we successfully developed 26 SNP loci that were sensitive to non-invasive samples, then based on which, genetic diversity and po...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...kers with lower standard errors showing the prevalence of homozugous Balochi sheep population. The main cause reason behind prevalence of homozygous population might be inbreeding as only few rams had been used for breeding the flocks. This study would provide basis for breed characterization and lead to breed improvement program....
Asmaa A. Badr, Eman A. Abo Elfadl, Mohammed M. Fouda, Sayed M. Elsayed
Rubaijaniza Abigaba1,4*, Pharaoh C. Sianangama1, Progress H. Nyanga2, Edwell S. Mwaanga3, Wilson N.M. Mwenya1
...cies, mean, and standard error of the mean as well as inferential statistics, namely, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and the post-hoc tests were used to analyse the data. Out of 622 respondents, 66.9% were females while 33.1% were males. This study revealed significant association between the respondents’ gender and their education status (P<0.001), income status (P<0.001), land size (P<0.01), rearing experie...
Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Performance under Different Levels of Zinc and Phosphorus
Abdul Qadoos1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2*, Wajiha Seerat3, Asma Bibi4, Sohail Rahman1, Muhammad Noman Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Mamoona Munir7 and Sadiqullah Khan8
...e the chances of natural errors. The various levels of P (0, 75, 90 and 105 kg ha-1) were assigned to major plots and Zn levels (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 kg ha-1) were allocated to sub-plot. ‘Atta Habib’ wheat variety was sown @ 120 kg ha-1. Result of the experiment shows that both factors had considerably affected all measured parameters. Application of P @105 kg P ha-1 resulted maximum tiller m-2 (304), taller plants (95.40 cm), maximum spike length (1...
Madiha Khalil1, Amjad Farooq1, Asim Faraz2*, Abdul Waheed2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza2 and Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq2
...data for consistency and errors it was subjected to statistical analysis using fixed effect models. Independent variables were year of birth, season of birth, year of calving, season of calving and parity. Age of animal (linear and quadratic effects) and lactation period were fitted as co-variables. Dependent variables were lactation performance traits (lactation milk yield, dry period, etc.). The results of all traits showed that the year of calving had a hig...
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
...amely: root mean squares error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and relative mean absolute error (RMAE) are used for model robustness measurement. The estimation results show that both in-sample and out-sample RMSE, MAE and RMAE are minimum in GARCH (1, 1)-M-ANNs models. Furthermore, empirical analysis reveals that the forecast result of GARCH (1, 1)-M-ANNs models of all three forms give ...
Ansar Abbas1*, Muhammad Aman Ullah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Muhammad Asif4
...ratio), root mean square error (RMSE), relative approximation error (RAE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), coefficient of variation (CV %), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for comparing the predictive performance of CHAID and MLR. To improve the predictive ability, minimum number of parent (20) and child nodes (10) were set for CHAID algorithm. The empirical results revealed that HL ...
Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Islam1,2*, Muhammad Omar3, Syed Ijaz Hussain Shah4, Rizwan Ahmed5 and Naeem Sohail6
...roduced lowest values of error for all the datasets, comparing with benchmark DTR and MLR (ErrorMLR > ErrorDTR > ErrorRFR). The modified RFR found best fitted model for the prediction of wheat productivity. The hyper parametric tuning K-Fold cross validation is applied to get the most optimized sub fold for the modified models. It is demonstrated t...
Sutawi*, Ahmad Wahyudi, Abdul Malik, Suyatno, Asmah Hidayati, Imbang D. Rahayu, Endang S. Hartatie
...020. Third, economic bioterrorism, an act of terror using biological agents that infects Indonesia’s cattle farming agribusiness. FMD outbreaks have a negative impact on cattle agribusiness from upstream to downstream: (1) the cattle population will shrink, (2) imports of cattle and beef will increase, (3) beef consumption will decrease, (4) economic losses are very large. FMD also poses a heavy social impact for farme...
Vetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov1, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov2, Kerim Khasanovich Bolatchiev1, Kamilla Gadzhimuradovna Alieva4, Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov2,3*
...rs, due to technological errors, the number of animals per 1 ha of pastures has increased by 3-5 times, which has led to an increase in soil pollution by eggs of the genus Bunostomum (Raillet, 1902). Up to 100% of soil samples in animal drinking places, in the soils of grazing lands, gardens, residential sectors, and reverie of coastal areas of were contaminated with invasive material of from nematodes of the species Bunostomum trigonocephalum and Bunostomum p...
Rosidi Azis1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Sri Wahjuningsih2, Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono3, Yuli Arif Tribudi4, Veronica Margareta Ani Nurgiartiningsih2*
...2) and root mean squared error (RMSE). The results showed that BW had a positively high significant correlation (P < 0.01) with HH (r = 0.756), BL (r = 0.754), and CG (r = 0.877). The stepwise regression results showed that the model using three predictors (BW = -159.57+0.44HH+0.69BL+1.38CG) was the best-fitted model (R2 = 0.814; RMSE = 0.834) for the prediction of BW, followed by using BL+CG, HH+CG, CG, HH+BL, HH, and BL. The correlation results imply that...
Arshad Khan, Mohammad Ihsan, Maryam Bibi, Gul Rahim, Fazl Ullah, Komail Khan and Ali Hazrat*
...alue was 31.27, standard error 1.16, coefficient of variance was 26.94, range from Minimum 25 cm and maximum 32 cm, leaf length in control and treated, the mean value was 21.50, standard error 1.74, coefficient of variance was 33.45, range from Minimum8.00cm and maximum 32 cm, leaf width incase control and with salt treated mean value was 0.37, with standard error 0.02, coefficient of vari...
Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni
...R2 and root mean squared error (RMSE). Body weight had a highly significant (P< 0.01) correlation with BL (r = 0.723), CG (r = 0.814), and SH (r = 0.549). The optimal estimation of body weight was achieved through a blend of chest circumference and body length, as indicated by the regression model: BW = -15.705 + 0.133BL + 0.457CG.0.457CG with the highest r (0.822), R2 (0.676) and adjusted R2 (0.668) and the lowest RMSE (13.427). These findings suggested th...
Asad Ali1*, Khalid Javed1, Imran Zahoor1, Khalid Mahmood Anjum2, Numan Sharif1, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Aftab Hussain Aftab3
... means ± standard error for LSB, LWB, LMWB, LSW, LWW, LMWW and LI were 1.19±0.03, 5.75±0.17 kg, 4.88±0.06 kg, 1.17±0.05, 20.77±0.91 kg, 17.87±0.57 kg, 330.69±20.48 days, respectively. The YOS had significant (p≤0.01) impact on LSB, LWB, LMWB, LWW and LMWW. However, SOS did not affect any reproductive trait except for LI (p≤0.01). Parity significantly affected LMWB (p<0.05) as well as LSB, LWB, LS...
Imtiaz Khan,1 Muhammad Kabir, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Haroon Khan, Saima
Hashim and Muhammad Azim Khan
...epetition or
error of the data. Noxious weeds were observed and recorded in the field viz. Avena fatua,
Anagallis arvensis, Euphorbia helioscopia, Phalaris minor, Poa annua, Medicago denticulata,
Convolvulus arvensis, Coronopus didymus, Fumaria polymorpha, Melilotus parviflora,
Chenopodium album and Rumex crispus. The obtained results indicated that sowing
methods were statistically significant for pl...
Ke Sun, Guangwei Fan, Yujie Zhang, Ji Luo, Xiaobing Wu and Tao Pan*
...is the highest (absolute error: 0.018±0.016) among these three methods. Please note that the accuracy is higher for images captured on cloudy days as compared to the images captured on sunny days. Moreover, the accuracy is highest for the images with low canopy density (absolute error: 0.006±0.004), and is relatively low for the images with high canopy density (absolute error...
Toyin B. Ajibade1*, Mukhtar A. Yusuf1, Sijuwade A. Adebayo2, Uswat T. Adeyemi1 and Olubunmi A. Omotesho1
... co-integration, and the error correction mechanism. We found that the sea surface temperature, wind speed, current year marine litter plastic waste, and magnitude of marine litter plastic wastes from the previous year negatively influenced the artisanal fish capture quantity in the period under review (p<0.05). We conclude that climate change and marine plastic pollution are major issues with negative impacts on artisanal fish capture in Nigeria. We recomm...
Arshad Bhat1*, Abid Sultan2, M. Latief3, Parvaiz Rashid3, H.A. Malik4 and Iqra Qureshi5
Fadia W. Al-Azawi1* , Huda M. Hamid2, Husam Jasim Mohammed1 and Jan Muhammad3
... data, root mean squared error value for Kriging, and IDW was measured. The results showed that IDW interpolation for rainfall data can obtain more accurate results; a smaller RMSE is due to an accurate method; and the better kriging method should produce a smaller value. It is used for evaluating the goodness of a prediction interpolation task. To obtain a more precise picture of the scenarios for changing rainfall, the analysis was performed in most district...
Muhammad Zahir Shah1,2 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...the time of war against terrorism in the tribal belt of Pakistan bordering Afghanistan. This study was designed to investigate various ecological and entomological aspects of sand flies in war effected district Khyber. Sand flies were collected from seven different localities of the district by flit method, CDC light traps and mouth aspirator. A total of 28 species belonging to two genera i.e., Phlebotomus represented by 12 species and Sergentomyia represented...
Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams Al-Dean1*, Sura Shakir Hammoud2, Mohammedali J. Ghafil3
...eir fusion. The standard error of the mean (SEM) is represented as the mean ±. The effects of various treatments on motion characteristics, plasma membrane integrity, and normal acrosome morphology were evaluated using paired sample T-test. The p-value (<0.05) is considered statistically significant. After thawing, the sperm cells’ motility dramatically increased with the addition of 2 mM (56.8±1.16), 4 mM (57.6±1.36), and 7 mM (6...
Che Ku Nur Ain Mardhiah Che Ku Azman and Norlia Muhamad*
...re and root means square error. Drying could cause some colour and nutrients effects on the products, thus modeling is essential to predict the drying process of the sample.
...
Rakhtasha Munir1, Shazia Rafique2*, Iram Amin1,2, Sameen Ahmed2, Ayesha Vajeeha2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahid2, Muhammad Umer Khan4 and Muhammad Idrees2
... to develop an accurate, error-free, unambiguous, and cost-friendly in-house ELISA, for the detection of antibodies in Pakistan’s most prevalent dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The progress of this research would likewise foreshadow advancements of novel vaccines for future counteraction of dengue infection as C protein is highly immunogenic....
