Kang-Seuk Choi
...gn: justify;">Infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus-like particles (VLPs) comprising only viral capsid proteins mimic the naive configuration of authentic IBD virus particles. The VLPs show intrinsic immunogenicity and a high safety profile. Thus, VLPs are considered one of the most promising approaches to vaccine development and are an alternative to inactivated IBD vaccines. In addition, VLP technology has many applications. This paper reviews the pote...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...mia (CIA) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) and co-infection of CIA and IBD. Infectious bursal disease was tentatively diagnosed in 5,000, 5 weeks old Hy-Line and ISA Brown pullets in a commercial poultry farm in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria with mortality of up to 79.12%. The clinical signs observed were prostration, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anorexia, trembling and mortality that lasted for 6 days. Postmortem findings i...
Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Helena Lage Ferreira and Clarice Weis Arns
...gn: justify;">Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) belongs to the genus Avibirnavirus, a dsRNA virus that causes an acute, highly contagious and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. The first line of defence against the virus is innate immunity whose activation is independent of the antigen and depends on the ability of the host to recognize pathogens by means of specific pattern recognition receptors. This interaction induces the production of cytok...
Erum Bughio1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi*1, Muzamil Memon2, Reema Bughio3, Pervez Ahmed Khoso4, Zafar Ali Khoso1 and Ali Asghar Baloch5
...IBD virus collected from bursa of clinically infected chicks, No morbidity and mortality were observed. During present study, some milder infection with field strain of IBDV almost a week ago recorded were also found in the control group when challenged with IBDV, IBD vaccines in the presence of specific maternally antibodies of IBD could no induce antibodies titer 1500 with live vaccines were protective against the IBDV. Based on the findings of present study...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...hogenic field infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The Bursa of fabricius was collected from poultry flocks of Punjab Pakistan for isolation of IBD virus by inoculating in embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane. The two hundred birds were divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D). The birds in group A were commercial broiler chicks having maternal derived antibodies and were challenged with IBDV field isolat...
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...n duck liver, spleen and bursa of Fabricius were examined after a model for immune stress was implemented through LPS injection in Peking ducks. The results from this assay suggested that LPS injection significantly increased the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05), along with an increase in the concentrations of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-12 (IL-1...
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3
Naila Chand1, Shamsullah1, Rafiullah1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shabana Naz4,*, Ebrahim Rowghani5 and Murad Ali Khan2
...bserved in the weight of bursa,thymus and spleen. Significantly higher villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell count was recorded with MOS-100 while values lower with MOS-0 treatment. It was concluded that improvement in growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and relative weight of lymphoid organs in broiler chicks during starter phase was attributed to the supplementation of MOS.
...
Muhammad Tufail1, Naila Chand1, Rafiullah1, Shakoor Ahmad2, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...ng percentage, weight of bursa, thymus and spleen. Significantly higher villus height, crypt depth and goblet cell count were recorded in MOS-100. It was concluded from the results that improvement in growth performance, intestinal histomorphology and relative weight of lymphoid organs in broiler chicks during finisher phase was attributed to MOS at the level of 100 mg/kg.
...
Wen Chao Liu1,2, Kwan Sik Yun3 and In Ho Kim2,*
..., the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius was increased by supplementation with 1,3-DAG (quadratic, P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of different levels of 1,3-DAG in broilers diets could improve the growth performance, modify blood lipid profile and promote the development of bursa of Fabricius.
...
Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3
... outbreaks of Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were reported in Egypt despite vaccination. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses circulating in Egypt during the period of 2017 - 2018. Sixteen pooled bursal tissue samples were collected from IBD suspected (9 Egyptian balady and 7 broiler) chicken flocks located in different lo...
Rana Waqas Arshad1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Raheela Akhtar1,*
...e vaccines of infectious bursal disease (IBD). Three experimental groups, each having 100 broiler birds were placed in the same environmentally controlled house. Samples of blood and bursa of Fabricius were collected from slaughtered birds after every 7 days till the end of experiment (35 days). The size of bursas and the bursa/body weight ratios were si...
Detection and Phylogeny of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) during Field Outbreaks in Broilers
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...es.
...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
...ase virus and infectious bursal disease. Relative lymphoid organ weights were recorded on day 42. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed against Newcastle disease virus on a weekly basis, whilst a hemagglutination (HA) assay was performed to determine immunity against total sheep red blood cell (SRBC) , mercaptoethanol-2 resistant (IgG) and mercaptoethanol-2 sensitive (IgM) antibodies on weeks 3, 4, 5 and 6. Lymphoid organ weight showed non-signi...
Aml S. El-Saadany1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2 and Hussien A. Hussien2
...v>Background: Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) remerged frequently in Egypt, causing serious
economic losses. In Egypt very virulent (vv) IBDV strains are annually reported since its first
introduction in 1989. Variant IBDV strains were also reported in few studies. To date, IBDV
associated with breaks has been characterized in flocks which were vaccinated with classical IBDV
vaccines and demonstrated IBD c...
Rizwana Sultan1, Asim Aslam1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Habib ur Rehman2, Saba Usman1, Ahsan Anjum1,*, Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Muhammad Usman3 and Muhammad Zahid Iqbal3
...ion of lymphocyte in the bursa of Fabricius. The seven clades of avian Eimeria species strongly support that E. necatrix and E. tenella were closely associated and placed in the same sister clade with high bootstrap support (98%). Our two isolates RSI and RSII showed a homology index of 99.82% (nucleotide level) and 99.47% (amino acid level) with each other. The maximum similarity percentage indicated that RSI and RSII isolates were...
Altaf Hussain1*, Muhammad Saad Ashraf3, Asim Shamim1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Arslan Mehboob2 and Urooj Fatima2
...gn: justify;">Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is one of the most devastating and immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on the sustainable food security around the globe including Pakistan. Poultry industry is the second biggest industry in Pakistan while IBD is an important disease seriously threatening poultry farming. Despite the use of mass a...
Hongqun Li1,*, Liganag Xing1, Xiaoli Liu2, Yonglan Pu3, Yuqing Yang3 and Yongyao Fu1
Muhammad Khubaib Hameed, Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman, Muhammad Ashraf, Safdar Hassan, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Qamar Bilal, Fawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif*
...nd immune organs such as bursa, spleen and thymus weight were also recorded. Weekly feed intake (3506g, 3531g) and body weight (2080g, 2139g) were better (P<0.05) in group fed arginine supplementation as 0.4 and 0.6%, respectively as compared to control group. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR, P<0.05) was shown by the all arginine treated groups with best FCR result in D group. Birds fed diet containing higher level of arginine (0.6%) had higher (P<0...
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*
...rus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were not affected by enzymatic inductions. Therefore, the antigen prepared by phospholipase C has been found to be more effective for HI test for rapid diagnosis of IBV during infection....
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1, 3, Mohamed M. Amer2
...uffering from infectious bursal disease (IBD) for isolation of fungal species on specific medium. A total of 19 purified fungal isolates have been identified morphologically. Aspergillus isolates were the most identified (42%), followed by Trichosporon (10.5%), Penicillium (10.5%), Fusarium (5%), Candida (1%) and non-identified isolates (26%). Furthermore, the obtained 8 Aspergillus isolates were further morphologically identified into A. fumigatus which was m...
Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1
...e followed by infectious bursal disease (11.79%), pullorum disease (11.17%), colibacillosis (8.71%), infectious bronchitis (7.87%), inclusion body hepatitis (7.79%), chronic respiratory disease (7.67%), necrotic enteritis (6.48%), coccidiosis (6.09%), mycotoxicosis 5.43%), fowl cholera (4.74%), infectious coryza (4.41%), fowl typhoid (4.22%), omphalitis (3.71%) and hydropericardium syndrome (0.05%). Maximum share in crude morbidity was contributed by bacterial...
Syed Haseeb Ahmed Shah, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Abdul Samad, Muhammad Kamran Taj, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Sumaira Fazal, Niamatullah Kakar, Sabeera Afzal and Asadullah
...e disease and Infectious bursal disease (IBD) were done at 9th, 19th and 11th, 23rd day, respectively. The results of current study revealed that there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) among treatment groups in feed intake and relative visceral organ weight. Whereas, a significant difference between control and AGPs supplemented groups (solely or combination) were noted in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily weight gain (A...
Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez, Nazir Ahmad
Aly M. Ghetas1*, Dalia M. Sedeek1, Hanaa S. Fedawy1, M.A. Bosila1, Asmaa M. Maatouq1, Hoda M. Mekky1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi1,2, Mohamed M. Amer3
...arly identify infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus (IBDV) from naturally infected native chickens. Thus, bursa specimens were collected from two IBD vaccinated native broiler chicken flocks showing clinical signs, mortality and lesions of IBD in this study. The collected bursae showed pathological changes related to those of IBD infection. Furthermore, the isolates were molecularly charac...
Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasir Mehmood* and Shahina Fayyaz
...istal end eight pairs of bursal papillae were present. Tail (46-68) µm long conical with fine tip, leptoderan bursa. Female 1223-1742 µm long, anterior to middle vulva 48.7 (37-55) % tail filiform 156-206 µm long, 7-18.7 times as anal body width long. Detailed taxonomical studies of new species are given with measurements, descriptions, illustrations and photomicrophotographs along with brief descript...
Effects of Antibiotics on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers
Shahan Azeem1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer2, Liaquat Ahmad3, Sameera Akhtar1 and Talat Naseer Pasha4,5
....37 g, respectively), or bursal (1.55+0.79 g and 1.63+0.21 g, respectively) body weight ratios. However, lincomycin did adversely affect bursal (0.91+0.12 g), but not splenic (1.21+0.23 g), thymic (3.52+0.36 g), or hepatic (23.72+1.78 g) body weight ratios. The total viable bacterial counts per gram of feces before and 120 h after medication were significantly different (p<0.05). Interestingly, the feed efficiency of non-...
Gudeta Nepir Gurmu, Tade Bitima Mulisa, Alemu Lenco Gemechu, Kegna Gadisa Amena and Gemechu Nedi Terfa*
K. A. Tabassum, F. Shahina†, K. Nasira and Y. I. Erum
... the basis of leptoderan bursa, crochet needle-shaped spicules, normal rectum, lateral
field with six separate lines and had unique ribosomal DNA-ITS, sequence. A compendium of the genus Oscheius
(of both insectivora and dolichura groups) based on the following characters: body length, tail, spicules and
gubernaculum length, ratios a, b, c, c' and vulva percentage is given. The morphometric and allometric characters
<...
Hagar Magdy Ahmed1, Mohamed Mahrous Amer2*, Khaled Mohamed El-Bayoumi1, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila1, Gomaa Abd El-Rhim Abdel Alim2
Abdul Azis*, Afriani Afriani
...d 21 days. The weight of bursa Fabricious increased (P<0.05) with the feeding time restriction at age 14 days. However, there were not significant different in all of parameter at the end re-alimentation period (42 days). Based on our findings, feeding time restriction in broilers by 4 hours/day had no negative effect on body weight at slaughter age, carcass characteristics, or gastrointestinal and immune organs.
Keywords | Fe...
Ahmed Ali Chandio1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari3 and Muhammad Ali Chandio4
...ight of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen and thymus) and enumeration of gut microflora. Results showed that PPLP improved (P < 0.05) production performance, final body weight, carcass weight and relative weight of lymphoid organs. Anti-NDV titer was improved on both 21 (P > 0.05) and 35 (P < 0.05) day in PPLP supplemented groups as compared to control. Total bacterial count and Lactobacillus count was increased (P < 0.05), while coliform count was de...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...nt strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has resulted in substantial economic losses in Pakistan despite mass and intense vaccination regimens. Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on sustainable food security around the globe, including Pakistan. This disease damages the bursa of Fabric...
Tanvir Ahmed1, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy1Shubash Chandra Das1*, Khan Md. Shaiful Islam2, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Sukumar Saha3
Abdulaziz A. Alaqil
... The spleen, thymus, and bursa indexes as relative weights of FBW were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by approximately 16%, 20%, and 35%, respectively, due to EC. Other immunological aspects were significantly (p < 0.05) impaired by EC challenge, recording a reduction of 38% in the total white blood cells counts, 12% in the leukocyte cell viability, 19% in the wattle thickness against phytohemagglutinin injection, 44% in the anti-sheep red blood cell...
Mai M. Dawood*1, Mohamed Fawzy2 and Mohamed S. Elshahidy3
...ght: normal;">Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious disease of young chickens, that results in bursal necrosis and severe damage of the immune system. IBDV remarkably persist to affect the poultry industry in Egypt. Hence this study was done to identify and characterize very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease virus in Egypt during the period 2019-2020.
Mohammed A. El-Sayed1*, Mahmoud H Hatab2, Heba AEM Assi3, Nashaat S Ibrahim2, Hisham M Saleh2, Waheed AA Sayed2, Birgit A Rumpold4
...nder organs, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius of quails when compared to diet A. The LBW, relative carcass weight, and measured organs of the diet A group were significantly impacted by the interaction of dietary treatment and HS, whereas these traits had no or minimal effects on the diet B and diet C groups. The HSP70 gene transcription level was highest in birds exposed to cyclic HS and fed control diet A, and lowest in birds in the diet C groups. Conclusively...
Promising Immunomodulation Potential of Ganoderma lucidium and Oregano as Mixture on Broiler Chicken
Fateh A. Badi*, Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Naif Al-Gabri
...hil to lymphocyte ratio, bursa index, spleen index, bursa to spleen ratio and phagocytosis index using carbon clearance test. This study showed that haematological parameters (haematocrit, Hb, RBC, MCV, MHC and MHCH) were all within the normal range values in all the groups. The mixture of plant and mashroom insignificantly increased the total WBCs compared with G group. Mixture and Ganoderma groups was significantly decrea...
Franciscus Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro1,2,*, Dwi Sunarti1, Turrini Yudiarti1, Sri Sumarsih1, Rini Nurhayati2
...the cecum, weight of the bursa fabricius and spleen, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), number of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) antibodies, increase in body weight, and feed efficiency. High stocking density has a significant impact on increasing the number of LAB and coliforms in the ileum, reducing the weight of the thymus, and reducing the amount of feed consumed. The lower the crude protein level, the lower the NDV antibody titres, but it did not affect the ...
Turrini Yudiarti*, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Endang Widiastuti, Hanny Indrat Wahyuni, Tri Agus Sartono, Maulana Hamonangan Nasution
...and weight of heart also bursa of fabricius, whereas could reduce MCV, coliform population in caecum, and weight of pancreatic also caecum and no effect on broiler performance. The conclusion is supplementation of fermented product of the fungus Monascus purpureus as a feed additive that applied on boiler can improve the physiological parameters, intestinal microbial population and internal organ weight but no impact on performance.
Abd El-Razakl, A.G. and AboElkhair2, M.
... monitored via serology, bursal indices and effect of the two vaccines on immune response to Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccines. It was also verified by an experimental very virulent IBD challenge performed at the age of 2e day in birds transferred from the farms with appropriate control groups in a laboratory. The immune response on farm A showing higher serological titer at the age of 35 day via ELISA test. Both two vaccines provide complete prot...
Ashraf M. Metwally*, Ausama A. Yousif*k , Iman B. Walaa A. Attia M. Samy * , and Ismail M. Reda *
...gn: justify;">Infectious bursal disease (IBD) serotype 1 viruses continue to cause major economic losses in the Egyptian poultry industry despite the implementation of intensive vaccination programs. A recent increase in IBD related mortality in vaccinated farms prompted this investigation into the genetic character of the circulating IBD virus (IBDV). Bursa and proventriculus samples were RT-PCR tested using novel primers f...
Abou zead, A.A., Ali, A.A.H.*and Abd El Hkeem M.M.
...ibodies. 3 out 12 pooled bursae (25%) were positive to the presence of IBDV precipitinogen. Trials for virus isolation on the CAM of chicken embryos revealed the isolation of 3 IBD viruses from diseased quails. Isolated IBDV viruses '.vere examined by electron microscopy. The disease was reproduced in quails to record the course, the clinical findings, post mortem and histopathological changes. Also seroscreening of serum samples by AGPT were done. The present...
Seham A. El-Zeedy1, Dalia A. Abd El-Moaty1, H. A. Hussein2 and M. A. Shalaby2
... outbreaks of Infectious bursal disease in commercial chicken flocks worldwide are due to the spread of very virulent IBDV. Two Egyptian isolates Of IBDV isolated from Giza (Giza/2000) and Qalyubia (Kal/2001) governorates were characterized by RT/PCR-RFLP assay of a 643 bp hyper variable region Of VP2 gene using BstNI, MboI, and SspI restriction enzymes. The presence of Sspl site in Giza/2000 identified it as vvIBDV while the absence of this site in Kal/2001 b...
H.A. SULTANl, H.A. HUSSEIN2, and F.F. EL-KHAYAT3
... outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) among vaccinated chicken flocks during the period 2002-2003 revealed that all IBDV outbreaks occurred at 18-33 days of age. 70% (21/30) of these outbreaks characterized by typical clinical signs and gross lesions. The mortality rates in these flocks ranged between 9.4-12.8 % (average 11.1%); 16.4-30 % (average 23.2 %) and 12-23.5 % (average 17.75 %) in commercial broilers. commercial layer replacement pullets...
Sajjad Khan*, Naila Chand, Abdul Hafeez and Nazir Ahmad
...iver, gizzard, pancreas, bursa, spleen and thymus was recorded for the groups studied. Significantly higher (P<0.05) VH, lower (P<0.05) CD and higher (P<0.05) VH:CD in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were recorded in synbiotic group D followed by C, E and B. Similarly, supplementation of synbiotic in group D and Bacillus subtilis group C resulted in complete eradication of E. coli, Salmonella and C. perfringens from ileum, caecum and colon of experimental...
Rahib Ali Chachar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Manatbai Bakhetgul2
...e relative weight of the bursa was higher (p<0.05) in the T1 and T3 groups as compared to T0 and T2 groups. All treated groups exhibited significantly high (p < 0.01) total bacterial count, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium count as compared to the control group (T0). Whereas, E. coli and Salmonella count was found significantly lower (p < 0.01) in treated groups as compared to the control group. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte count was higher (p < 0.0...
Safdar Hassan1, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1, Fawwad Ahmad1, Asad Ullah Hyder1, Muhammad Arslan2, Ashar Mehfooz3, Ijaz Saleem3, Muhammad Umar Yaqoob4,5, Mushrraf Nazir1, Muhammad Sharif1*
...at weight of thymus and bursa were increased with supplementation of Zn (70 mg/kg) in diet. Optimal broilers’ performance requires a higher dietary Zn (70 mg/kg) concentration than NRC recommended under high-temperature climatic conditions. ...
Nguyen Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Qui*
...s, especially, improving bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (P<0.05). The inclusion of 15% and even 30% HI in diets to replace FM did not record changes in hematological and hepatic enzyme indicators. It can be concluded that FM replacement by HIM could improve growth and health of broilers without detrimental effect.
Keywords | Blood parameter, Broiler, Growth, Hermetia illucens, Hepatic enzyme
...
Ayoola Mathew Oluwaseyi1*, Aderemi Foluke Abimbola1, Alikwe Philip2 , Tumgbulu Samuel2, Eniufuoma Augustina2
...by ECLM while spleen and bursa of fabricius were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by ECLM feed additive. Measured serum total protein of the groups on ECLM were significantly (p<0.05) higher, while serum cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those on control group. Birds on 1% and 2% ECLM inclusion had the best dressed weight which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those on control. ECLM inclusion as feed additive increased pop...
Gökhan Ulukan1*, Zeynep Pekcan2, Zülfükar Kadir Sarıtas3, Ilker Etikan4, Serkan Sayıner5, Feride Zabitler6 and Fatma Eser Özgencil1
...tered inside the ovarian bursa 10 min before ovary removal in Groups (G) 1 and G2 and linear to the incision line 10 min before entering the abdomen in G1. G3 was the control group. The intergroup comparison of pain mediators and GCPS-SF scores showed no significant difference between the GCPS-SF scores at postop0, postop2, postop4, postop8 and postop24 h and the cortisol, TNF-α, IL1-β and NO levels determined at the same timepoints. TNF-α at ...
Muhmmad Bilal Islam1* and Sar Zamin Khan2
...rgans like the weight of bursa for T1 to T5 groups were (4.25, 4.31, 4.23, 4.07 and 3.09 gm) with the phagocytic activity for PHA-P were 1.06, 1.05, 1.02, 0.93 and 0.69 mm. C-reactive protein values were 0.69, 0.70, 0.72, 0.73, 0.68 mg/d, showing best immune response for groups receiving aqueous extract blends of garlic, onion and chilli. The results of the current study revealed that an aqueous extract of garlic, onion, and chilli when used in the concentrati...
Dipa Rani Pal*, Injamamul Haque Rasel, Tarun Chandra Mondal, Mohammed Lalmoddin Mollah and Shampa Rani
...al changes of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in broiler chicken of Barishal region in Bangladesh. A total of 45 broiler farms of Barishal division were observed for the determination of infectious bursal disease (IBD) during the period of 1st July 2023 to 30th June 2024. Based on history and postmortem pathological lesions the overall prevalence of IBD was 15.10%. The major pathological lesions observed in this study were h...
Dalia Hamid Mansour1, Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem2, Marwa Hassan3, Yousry Ibrahim4, Ibrahim M. Hegab5*
...oups. Spleen, thymus and bursa were remarkably (P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P=0.0007, respectively) increased in weight in Group A (2.33±0.74, 4.05±1.28 and 7.88±2.49, respectively) compared to other treatment groups. Total coliform and lactobacillus counts were significantly (P=0.02 and P=0.001, respectively)) higher in group A (8.75±0.56 and 8.27±0.47, respectively) compared to other groups. In conclusion, the current stud...
Khalid Nabieh1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Ahmed Ali1, Ali Zanaty3, Magdy F. Elkady1
...ne sequences. Samples of bursal tissue were obtained from poultry farms located in the governorates of Dakahlia, Kafr Elsheikh, Menoufia, and Qalyubia in Egypt. Following extraction of total RNA from these samples, the partial segments of IBDV VP1 and VP2 were amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Followed by sequencing of these segments, and a phylogenetic analysis of the strains was performed to evaluate the genetic diverg...
