Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*
...e. Two unique amino acid substitutions (K423Q and E426G) were observed in Bangladeshi and Chinese isolates in the partial sequence of N protein.The recent Bangladeshi isolates are somewhat divergent from the earlier Bangladeshi isolate, indicating that the PPRV strains in Bangladesh are continuously changing their genetic character....
Muhammad Abubakar1*, Shumaila Manzoor2, Jonas Johansson Wensman3, Emeli Torsson3, Qurban Ali1 and Muhammad Munir4
...eage IV with significant substitutions in the nucleoprotein (NP) gene. Genetic variations within NP gene, and possibly in other proteins which are essentially mediating protective immunity, may explain the extreme infectious nature of the virus and its host-specific pathogenesis. Moreover, understanding the nature of such circulating field viruses is essential to underpin the endemic potential of PPRV and its possible spread to the susceptible wild or domestic...
Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai
...T-cotton varieties. This substitution of imported BT-cotton seed is taking into account without considering the local environmental conditions of Pakistan. Thus the main objective of the research was on the comparative efficiency and the productivity analysis of BT- Cotton varieties with those of the conventional non-BT-Cotton varieties. The population of this research covers the area of Rahim Yar Khan of Pakistan. Two hundred and fifteen farms wer...
Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*
...e first was a synonymous substitution mutation of T to G at nucleotide position 123, which did not replace valine with any other amino acid. The other mutation determined at nucleotide position 101, was a missense mutation, which substituted serine with phenylalanine at 34th position of extracellular domain of GNRHR. The Ser34Phe mutation was manifested in phenotypic traits such as low concentrations of FSH, LH and T and delayed puberty. In conclusion, mutatio...
Sameera Akhtar1*, Muhammad Akram Muneer1, Khushi Muhammad1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Muhammad Anees2, Imran Rashid1, Raza-ur-Rehman3 and Irshad Hussain1
...rus revealed a number of substitution mutations in the structural and functional domains when compared to the representative strains of each genotype including the vaccine strains (genotype II and III). Interestingly, some of these mutations were found exclusive to the study isolate. Not only do these prime findings improve our understanding about currently circulating strains of NDVs but they also help us to envisage potential efforts to avoid future outbreak...
Jakub Jan Skorupski
... were identified: 12 SNP substitutions, one single nucleotide deletion and one ins/del polymorphism. The assessment of informativeness and conclusiveness of the identified variable sitesshows that the highest ability to differentiate the American mink growth hormone gene genotypes has tri-allelic polymorphism g.1219C>G (PIC = 0.3039), and three di-allelic polymorphisms - g.616G>C, g.846A>G and g.931C>T (PIC>0.2400). The recognized SNPs enrich th...
Ayesha Zahid,Ammara Muazzam, Sidra Mustafa, Saba Irshad*,Malik Siddique Mahmood and Rehman Shahzad
...nt study, a novel G to C substitution (1104G>C) (pE368Q) was screened by PCR-SSCP in exon 2 of GJA8 and this tansversion altered exceedingly conserved glutamic acid to glutamine at site which was involved in coding of ASF1 like histone chaperone. Further presumption based on structural and functional analysis of mutated protein was anticipated by bioinformatics tools, which manifest mild changes in overall charge but altered post translational modifications...
Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4
... insertion, deletion and substitutions compared to A/DK/HK/Y280/97 lineage and human isolates (A/HK/1073/99 and A/HK/1074/99). Several amino acid substitutions at various regions of the NA protein were determined with unknown functions and consequences. These findings warrant future studies for analysis of whole genome sequencing of prevailing H9N2 viruses in Pakistan which may further contribute towards the better understan...
Mohammad Aslam*
...utarky through a partial substitution of wheat with rice in the consumption plan of consumers. The study reveals that rice is a substitute food commodity for wheat and may be promoted as such. Since level of significance is small, it may need sustained promotional efforts and appropriate policy measures on the part of the state. Moreover, wheat being a staple diet of people for centuries, switching over to rice may happen only over a long period of time....
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
...r at four positions, all substitutions. The first difference is observed at 87th base where there is “C” residue in MR02 DNA sequence and an “A” in MR03 DNA sequence. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th difference is at base number 116, 137 and 146 respectively. In all the cases “C” residue in MR02 sequence is replaced by “T” residue in MR03 nucleotide sequence. The first change at nu...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
...ort promotion and import substitution. Various factors identified in analysis have been further examined and measures have been suggested to improve supply of tomato in Pakistan. ...
Sadaf Noveen1*, Shaista Habib Ullah2, Babar Alam3
...ects among these 33% had substitution errors, 60% distortion errors, and 3.03% omission errors whereas no addition errors were found. The correlation of 0.763 positive relationships between two variables was noticed. High percentage of distortion errors among children having OMM defects shows strong connection between the two otherwise substitution is most prevalent error.
Conclusion: Conclusively it can b...
Asma Yousafzai1,*, Muhammad Luqman2, Nisar Ahmed1, Muneeza Arbab1,Muhammad Murad1, Naheed Sajjad3, Sara Naudhani1, Shakeela Daud1, Abdul Hameed Baloch4, Khushnaseeb5, Sana Zahoor6, Zahid Rauf7, Muhammad Mohsin Javed6 and Jamil Ahmad1
...>BRCA1, six missense substitutions (p.Asp343Tyr, p.Gly393Asp, p.Ser561Phe, p.Ser616Phe, p.Pro871Leu and p.Ser1613Gly) two frameshift (p.Ser423fs and p.Gly1770fs) and nonsense mutation (p.Glu1250X) was identified. In case of gene BRCA2, all the four variants were missense substitutions (p.Glu58Lys, p.Asp99Asn, p.Asp104Asn and p.Pro999Gln). The data reported here will be valuable addition for the future genetic scre...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...ugar beet pulp. Complete substitution of yellow corn by sugar dried beet pulp in D4 significantly increased number of bacteria. D3 and D4 diets resulted in higher (P<0.001) concentration of Holotrichs. The ratio of acetate to propionate increased linearly with inclusion of dried sugar beet in the diet, however statistically significant differences were found only in D4. On basis of presented data, it could be concluded that yellow corn could be parti...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
Sabbah M. Allam, T.M. El-Bedawy, M.H. Bakr and A.E.M. Mahmoud*
...DOP at 0, 25, 50 and 75% substitution of yellow corn grains (R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively). Digestion trail was conducted in the last week of the experiment using Acid Insoluble Ash method. Feces samples were taken and analyzed in the same day for Salmonella spp. and E. coli and blood samples for analysis were taken from the subcutaneous abdominal vein. The experimental rations were almost identical in chemical composition. Results of nut...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1
... in exon 5 that causes a substitution of an amino acid from Cysteine to Arginine.That Cys/Arg polymorphism may serve as authoritative genetic marker for selective improvement of growth traits in camel. These results suggest that Marecha camel has genetic variability in the IGF-1 and may be helpful for preservation strategies and future selection programs.
...
Hafiz Muhammad Imran Javed* and Mushtaq Ahmed
... other hand, a number of substitutions were observed at sites considered important for the structural and functional integrity of the N and F protein. All of the conserved regions were same regardless of the gene while the substitutions were seen at different residues other than the conserved domains. However, the analysis based upon the three-dimensional protein structures revealed that the study isolates showed mutation at...
Ehsan-Ul-Haque1, Akbar Hayat1*, Muhammad Asim1, Sajjad Hussain2, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif3, Muhammad Zubair1, Muhammad Abdullah Jamil1 and Faheem Khadija1
...ation of salts to wax in substitution to the fungicide is an effective application to control postharvest citrus fruit decay with perks of safety and convenience. ...
Khuram Rashid1, Saroosh Danish2, Muhammad Akram Tahir3
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER TIRES AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
...ubber content as partial substitution of conventional aggregates. Seven mixtures
were proportioned; one mixture with conventional aggregates was the control specimen, three mixtures were casted
by replacing fine aggregate by waste rubber tires powder and remaining three were proportioned by replacing coarse
aggregate by waste rubber tires chips. Fresh and hardened properties of rubberized concrete were evaluated and
compared with th...
were proportioned; one mixture with conventional aggregates was the control specimen, three mixtures were casted
by replacing fine aggregate by waste rubber tires powder and remaining three were proportioned by replacing coarse
aggregate by waste rubber tires chips. Fresh and hardened properties of rubberized concrete were evaluated and
compared with th...
Yongyun Zhang1, 2, Xinyang Fan1, Fangting Zhou1, Weizhen Li3, Yina Ouyang1,4 and Yongwang Miao1*
...synonymous, which led to substitutions of p.I44V, p.L178S and p.F179L. The prediction showed that the p.F179L may affect the function of buffalo αS1-CN. Eight buffalo CSN1S1 haplotypes were defined in this study, and accordingly, 6 protein variants and 2 synonymous variants of αS1-CN were inferred and named. The variants A, B’, B’’, C, E and F were observed only in river buffalo, whereas ...
Amal Mahmoud1&2 and Medhat H. Hashem3
...ted in unique amino acid substitutions (V320→L and N464→T) and (I284→L, T300→I and K334→R) in pol and env genes respectively. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of these mutations in the development of HCC....
Fawzy Rania1, AboElkhair M.1, Bazid A.M.1, Sultan H.2, Hussien A.H.3
...led prominent nucleotide substitutions which affect amino acids composition of HVR3 of S1 subunit. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that seven strains were belonging to variant 2 group of IBV of great similarity with Israeli IB strains, two strains were belonging to IS/1494/06 group like and one strain was belonging to 4/91 group like. This study reports the co-circulation of different IBV serotypes in broiler sectors. Regular monitoring for evolution, epidemiol...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1, Seham, A.El-Zeedy1, El-Sanousi, A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1, Abbas, A.M1
...vealed single nucleotide substitution at the base pair number 121 from the start codon which give lead to single Amino Acid Substitution from CAG (Glutamine(Gln/Q)) which is considered as a polar Amino Acid to AAG (Lysine(Lys/K)) which is a basic Amino Acid, then the sequenced product of the local isolate was cloned Into PET 151 D topo plasmid with an N-terminal tag containing the V5 epitope and a 6xHis tag and transformed i...
Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1
...vealed single nucleotide substitution at the base pair number 121 from the start codon which give lead to single Amino Acid Substitution from CAG (Glutamine(Gln/Q)) which is considered as a polar Amino Acid to AAG (Lysine(Lys/K)) which is a basic Amino Acid which is very characteristic for the local isolate than the rest of isolate and strains....
Ehab M. El-Nahas1, Hemat S. El-Sayed2, Sawsan S. El-Basuni3, Gabr F. El-Bagoury1
... had a unique amino acid substitution at residues 39 (Serine), 40 (Tyrosine), 41 (Lysine), 64 (Glutamate) and 69 (Valine) of the S1 proteins from H120 and M41.The cross-neutralization test revealed antigenic relatedness of Egypt/Qal/014p with Massachusetts serotypes. The commercial H120 vaccine conferred partial protection against proventriculitis induced by Egypt/Qal/014p. Conclusion: IBV strains exhibiting proventriculitis were found co-circulating in broile...
Ayman S. El-Habbaa1 and Mervat E. Radwan2
...d amino acid
substitution generates were showed with other BEF viruses that reduced this homology. Phylogeny
showed that BEF viruses from Egypt 2014 and 2017 had close homology to BEF virus circulated in
Israel during the same period suggesting that the virus was circulated in middle east.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the recent picture of BEF virus which incriminated for cattle
infectivity...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1, Iwona Szatkowska1, Daniel Zaborski2*, Wilhelm Grzesiak2, Sara Tabor-Osińska1, Małgorzata Wasielewska1, Witold S. Proskura1, Wojciech Kruszyński3 and Edward Pawlina3
...ial effect of the C>T substitution at position -512 in the regulatory region of the IGF-1 gene on the level of milk performance traits in different cattle breeds. The study involved 227 Jersey, 147 Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white (HO) and 181 Polish Holstein-Friesian red-and-white (RW) cows. PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping. A bioinformatic analysis of the P1 regulatory sequence was also carried out. Three genotypes (TT, CT and...
Iqra Mobeen1*, Rabia Arif1*,Maimoona Ilyas1, Siu Fai Lee2 and Muhammad Saleem1
... SNPs are non-synonymous substitutions, which might underpin functional differences in their protein products.
...
Blood Profile of Soybean Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly Larvae in New Zealand White Rabbit
Ardi Prasetio1*, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Sutaryo Sutaryo2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Muhammad Zahoor5, Asma Nisar6 and Muhannad Illayan Massadeh7
...dy investigated the BSLF substitution effect on rabbit blood traits. This study was performed using 28 wk old weaned male New Zealand White rabbits (1300 g ± 130 g) that were randomly divided into control group (T0) and treatment group (T1, T2, T3), which respectively substituted 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % SBM with BSFL. Blood samples were collected from the right ear marginal vein. The result showed an increasing trend of leukocytes and neutrophils in t...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1* and Faisal Amin2
...re were no human related substitutions, insertion or deletions in hem-absorbing site and loop of H9N2 isolates. Two unique substitutions, Gln39Arg and Lys47Glu have been noted in NA stalk domain of all isolates of this study which might be indirectly enhancing the virulence of virus. These findings demonstrated that new mutations are emerging in B2 sub-lineage and there is need for constant surveillance of evolving genome of...
Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Irkham Widiyono3*, Bambang Suwignyo4, Amado A. Angeles5
...f the tannin itself, the substitution of other ingredients and also includes the types of animals given treatment.
Keywords | Environment, Methane, Ruminant, Tannin, Global warming
...
Mensah Gertrude Dzifa1, Christian Larbi Ayisi2,* and Elliot Haruna Alhassan1
Ali Ghazi Atiyah1*, Nadia Hameed Rija Al-Falahi2 and Ghazi Atiya Zarraq3
...romising for use as bone substitution materials....
Shahid Sherzada1,2*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar2
...ional and transversional substitution was 16.68% and 4.16%, respectively. The transition/transversion bias value R was 1.25. The negative values of Tajima D test as well as Fu and Li D and F tests supported the process of population expansion with excess of rare alleles. The overall results showed a lack of neutral evolution and low genetic differentiation among populations of C. mrigala....
Tiara Widyaputri*, Aldryan Cristianto Pratama, Dian Vidiastuti, Yudit Oktanella
...in all samples shows the substitution mutation type G base to C transversion and is not related to the BLAD mutation.
Keywords | Dairy cows, CD18 gene, Restriction enzyme, PCR-RFLP, Friesian Holstein crossbreed
...
Roshana Mukhtar1, Shaheen Shahzad1*, Sajid Rashid2, Maryam Rozi2, Madiha Rasheed3, Imran Afzal4 and Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq5
Heba Abdo Basha1, Walaa Slouma Hamouda Abd El Naby2*, Samya Erian Ibrahim3, Abeer Fikry Elnahas2
...ading to four amino acid substitution in exon 1 and 2 amino acids substitution in exon 2. In low body weight, only one non-synonymous mutation was recorded at exon 2. The 3’UTR-IGF-2 sequence showed 14 SNPs in high body weight and three SNPs in low body weight. The carcass weight percentage didn’t change significantly for high or low body weight. While carcass cuts percentage increased in high body weight birds c...
Basel A. Abokhadra, Samah M. Mosad, Sahar Abd El Rahman*
...isolate by 25 nucleotide substitutions, which led to five amino acid substitutions ( E316D, A378T, S410G, I425T, E429G).
Keywords | Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1, Glycoprotein B, Immunoflourescent technique, Phylogenetic tree, Nucleotide and amino acid substitution
...
Alicja Kowalczyk1*, Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak2, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska3*, Jesús Juan Cantalapiedra4, Joaquim Orlando Lima Cerqueira5,6 and José Pedro Pinto de Araújo5,7
...hether single nucleotide substitutions within exon 4 of the quality of AQP7 gene may affect the sperm cells of Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls. The research material was biological material (semen and blood) collected from 60 Holstein-Friesian bulls of the same age. The nucleotide substitutions analyzed are located in exon 4 of the AQP7 gene and are responsible for missense mutations. Individual genotypes were determined usin...
Asma Basharat1, Abdul Wajid2*, Andleeb Batool1, Tayyeba Batool3, Abdul Basit4, Kamran Abbas5, Aziz Ullah1 and Mahmood Shaukat6
...ealed two novel missense substitutions i.e. P180Q in T-box domain and S328I in C-terminal of TBX22, while unrelated healthy controls revealed no sequence variants in these locations. The present report is first of its kind in Pakistani population. The findings suggest that TBX22 polymorphisms may responsible for a significant proportion of non-syndromic CP cases in Pakistani population and confirming its importance as a frequent cause of non-syndromic CP acros...
Rafik Soliman1, Neven Waheeb2, Essam Nasr2, Mahmoud El-Hariri1, Heidy Abo-Elyazeed1, Hassan Aboul-Ella1*
...d kits for as a suitable substitution for the gold standard bovine tuberculosis diagnostic techniques. IQRT Anigen Rapid Bovine TB Ab kit and Ubio quick VET Bovine Tuberculosis Antibody kit were used in testing 3750 dairy cattle. The results obtained were compared with the ELISA, bacteriological examination, and tuberculin skin testing. By the tuberculin test, 69 (1.8%) animals reacted positively, from which 51 animals (73.9%) showed visible lesions on postmor...
Omnia M. Khattab1, Morcos I. Yanni2, Hala K. Abdelmegeed2, Mahmoud Eliwa1, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1
...d EU498681.No amino acid substitution was detected.
Keywords | Feline Pan-leucopenia, PCR, Sequencing, vaccination, screening, VP2and Egypt
...
Munasik*, Titin Widiyastuti, Caribu Hadi Prayitno
Md Tariqul Islam1,5 *, Aditya Chowdhury Avi1,5, Md Saiful Bari2,5, Most Rebeka Sultana Swapna Khandoker3, Homaira Pervin Heema4, Goutam Buddha Das1
...t was concluded that the substitution of maize with potato meals in the diets of broilers may be up to 40% without causing any deleterious effects. It’s feasible to deliberate that the findings of this study will have a practicable impact in countries that are deficient in maize production but have surplus potato production. ...
Elihasridas, Mardiati Zain*, Roni Pazla, Simel Sowmen, Qurrata Aini
...oughage source for grass substitution for ruminants, but the lignin content is relatively high, so it has low digestibility. We evaluated the effectiveness of precursor rumen microbial growth supplementation to increase the digestibility of ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste. The precursor rumen microbial growth supplement contains cassava leaves as a source of branched-chain amino acids, phosphorus, and zinc minerals, which was administered as follows: T0= ...
Abdullah Naser1*, Nirwana1, Sri Wulan1, Zaenal1, Mustafa1, Effendy2
Caiyun Li1, Tao Xu2, Luyang Zhang3, Xuesong Yan4, Yu Xin5, Li Li6 and Jinghua Chen7*
Akram Ali Baloch1*, Adeel Ahmad2, Kaleem U. Kakar3, Sara Naudhani1, Samiullah Khan1, Agha Muhammad Raza3, Imrana Niaz Sultan1, Humaira Zahid4, Saadullah3 and Shakeela Daud1*
Maria Endo Mahata1*, Yose Rizal1, Zurmiati1, Sepri Reski1, Indah Fitri Sakinah Limbong2, Dian Saputri2
...sources as a novel cheap substitutions for poultry industry. This study aims to determine the effect of partial replacement of traditional feed ingredients like corn and rice bran with brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium on broiler performance. The study employed a fully randomized design, incorporating four replacement treatments (0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%) of brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium within the broiler diet. Each treatment was replicated five times. ...
El-Absawy, E.A.; Mahmoud, Amal; Hemeida, A.A. and Helmy, M.
... strains. Ten nucleotide substitutions resulted in 3 conserved amino acid substitutions (VI*I, G7*E, M or V and S8*G) and were able to differentiate between both groups. The partial coat protein region was more diverse than that of the 3'UTR (92.6-100% and (97.7-100% identity, respectively). The 3'UTR of the Egyptian isolate showed RNA secondary structures different from those of the 5 PVY strains....
Seham A. El-Zeedy1, Dalia A. Abd El-Moaty1, H. A. Hussein2 and M. A. Shalaby2
...om two unique nucleotide substitution at positions 609 (A to T) and 911 (G to A). Surprisingly Giza/2000 shared the unique a.a residue at position 254 (Gly to Ser) with the American Var A. Del E and GLS. Giza/2000 isolate showed 9 nucleotide differences with 3 a.a substitution at positions 220Phe, 254Ser, and 321Thr from the Egyptian isolate at 1989 (K406/89) giving indication that circulating IBD viruses in Egypt still unde...
Rizkie Elvania1, Tintin Rostini1, Sakiman2, Ani Susilawati2, Emilda Adriani2, Abd Malik1*
...oup received no lycopene substitution. The freshly collected semen underwent macroscopic and microscopic evaluations. Subsequently, the semen was assessed pre-freezing and post-thaw with parameters such as viability, motility, abnormality, and plasma membrane integrity. The findings revealed that the inclusion of 1% and 2% lycopene in the diluent before freezing exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) spermatozoa motility. Moreover, the viability and moti...
Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Naveed2,3*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Irfan Rasool2 and Muhammad Afzal Zahid2
...ions. This demands their substitution with new and improved genotypes possessing higher productivity and inherent resistance/tolerance against yield-limiting stresses. In this context, this editorial reports the development of a new chickpea kabuli variety “Noor-2019”. This cultivar has improved yield potential, dietary elements (proteins, fat, ash), and more importantly, resistance against fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight compared to the existin...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain*, Hafiza Hina Shafqat, Muhammad Faisal, Mahnoor Saleem, Zeeshan Yousaf and Muhammad Amjad
Muhammad Faisal1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Majid Hussain2,
Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan3, Zeeshan Yousaf1 and Muhammad Amjad1
... a diet containing a 10% substitution of FM with MOLM. In the present investigation, it was determined that replacing 10% of FM in the diet with MOLM improved the growth, body composition, hematological parameters, and body mineralization of C. catla fingerlings....
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Tahir Laeeq, Nasreen Fatima Rao and Altaf Hussain
...yment generation, import substitution and environmental protection will also accrue from afforestation of saline and waterlogged areas with eucalyptus....
K. M. Siddiqui M. Ayaz and A. Jah
... the people and gradual
substitution of wood fuel with commercial fuel to save
the valuable forest wealth from misuse and destruction....
Tanveer Hussain1, Abdul Wajid1, Jabbar Khan2, Asif Nadeem1, Misbah Hussain1, Qurat ul-Ain1 and Masroor Babar1*
...morphisms. Only a single substitution (T→A) was found in non-coding region of IL-2 gene. Comparison of IL-2 gene sequence of all four breeds with other goat breeds showed high similarity in sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of our local breeds with other mammals showed that IL-2 was highly variable. This high substitution rate could be due to changed selective pressure. These rapid changes may also lead to the changes in ...
Dian Septinova1*, Isnaini Nurfianti2, Denita Eptiana2, Khaira Nova1, Riyanti1
*Correspondence | Dian Septinova, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung; Email: dian.septinova@fp.unila.ac.id
...l solution (T0), partial substitution of NaCl with KCl (T1), CaCl2 (T2), KCl + coriander (T3) and CaCl2 + coriander (T4). The parameters measured included salt content, moisture content, physical characteristic of albumen (pH, height, diameter, index, Haugh unit), physical characteristic of yolk (pH, height, diameter, index, colour) and organoleptic properties (saltiness, sandiness, oiliness and flavour). The results showed that T1 significantly (P<0.05) ha...
Xiaoping Gao1, Yanping Li2*, Renyi Zhang3, Yunyun Lv2, Yongming Wang2, Jinrong Shi2, Jiang Xie2, Chiping Kong1 and Lekang Li1
...ry structures. Result of substitution rate estimation among the mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) showed ATP8 had the largest average Ka and Ka/Ks, while COI had the lowest, which implied that ATP8 might evolve more quickly than the other mitochondrial protein coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) revealed all Sinocyclocheilus species in this research formed a solid monophyletic group and group...
Usman Ali*, Badat Muwakhid and Dewi Masyithoh
... was observed at the 30% substitution level of FCCSB.
Keywords | FCCSB, Fermentation, New Zealand white, Rabbit, Performance
... 
