Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2
...kens and 400 Huainan partridge chickens) of similar age and weight were evaluated in the present study. We extracted DNA from blood samples and analyzed polymorphisms of HTT gene as wells as possible association with egg production performances including age at first egg (AFE), laying rate (LR), egg production (EP), egg weight (EW), average egg weight (AEW). Two polymorphisms (G50831C and G62976A) were detected and located in exon 42 and intron 54 in HTT gene,...
Bin Wang, Bo Zhang, Nan Yang, Liang Dou and Jianghong Ran*
...;">The buff-throated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) is endemic to western China and is known to cooperatively breed in a population habituated to supplemental feeding by humans. The social structure and demography of this species, however, have not been examined in natural populations. To determine if cooperative breeding occurs in populations unassociated with humans, we surveyed two natural populations in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in weste...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3
...Momordica charantia) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) using cue-lure baited traps. The male lure baited traps were arrayed at three meter height and replenished on fortnightly basis in experimentation sites. Results revealed that significantly highest (124.86) population was recorded on L. acutangula and lowest (104.725) on L. siceraria at both experimental sites throughout the course of experiment. Moreover, significantly higher population densities of B. c...
Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal
Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...nting plus drenching the ridges with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/L of water on appearance of pest (T5) was found most effective in decreasing the incidence of cutworm and molecricket followed by soil treatment at planting with phorate 10 G @15kg ha-1 with addition drenching the ridges with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.004% (2ml/10L of water) on the occurrence of the pest (T6 ) than other treatments as well as control. Both the t...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz
...w (47%), drill (61%) and ridge maker (53%). Market was the source of seed for majority of the respondents regarding cauliflower (43%), bitter gourd (32%), bottle gourd (13%), potato (34%) and squash (29%). Similarly, majority of the respondents obtained urea (73%), SSP (54%), DAP (60%) and Nitro-Phos (55%) from the FSC whereas 91%, 99% and 96% respondents obtained Micron, Supper Silica and Gypsum from the concerned dealers. It is concluded that there was a gap...
Sher Khan Panhwar1,2,3, Zhou Yong Dong1,4,*, Gao Tianxiang1,3, Wang Ping5, Han Zhiqiang1, Wang Zhongming1,4 and Wang Yang1,4
...his study is a start to bridge the gap between data and information, allowing resource managers to determine management priorities for this economically and ecologically important species in the ECS.
...
Salma Javed, Saima Majeed, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz*
...aring 20-22 longitudinal ridges, tail conical, tapering evenly to narrow terminus 116-128 µm long. Cellular body content extending 2/3 of the tail length. Heterodorus longidens (Jairajpuri and Loof, 1968) Andrassy, 2009 is reported for the first time from Pakistan is briefly redescribed and illustrated.
...
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...han awl-head snake(L. ridgewayi)(0.38%; N = 2) were the least abundant. Snakes were more frequent in croplands and least frequent in barren areas.
...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2
...fect of tillage systems [ridge tillage (RT) and flat tillage (FT)] and 5 nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kgN.ha-1) on cotton lint yields, quality and earliness. Experiment was laid out in a RCB design with split plot arrangements replicated thrice. Tillage methods were allotted to main plots while nitrogen levels were kept in sub plots. Results showed that RT produced higher bolls per plant, weight per bolls, lint yields, earliness % and benefit cost rat...
Mustafa Sahin1,*, Esra Yavuz1 and Fatih Uckardes2
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
...iv>The buff-throated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) is an endemic species which is protected in first-grade state in China. Here, 22 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were isolated from T. szechenyii using a next-generation sequencing technology. The allele number of these loci ranged from two to six in genotyped 35 individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2735 to 0.7717 with an average of 0.5149. Observed...
Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Fakhar ul Hassan, Qamar ul Hassan, Usman Shaukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai and Adnan Saleem*
IMPACT OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA ANANASSA) CV. �CHANDLER�
... open field condition on ridges (T ) by keeping plant to plant 5 distance of 30 cm and row to row distance of 60 cm. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects and suitability of different cultivation systems for better vegetative growth, production and fruit quality of strawberry. The results of cultivation systems on different vegetative traits i.e., plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of leaves, crown size , root length and...
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*
EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON
...13. The crop was sown on ridges on May 24, 2013 using seed rate of 20 kg ha . The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement having three replications. Treatments included four topping levels: control (no topping), topping at 90 cm, 120 cm and 150 cm height; three -1 nitrogen levels: 150, 200 and 250 kg ha . Net plot size was 6 m × 3 m. Maximum days to first floral bud initiation (44.68), appearance of f...
Sidra Majeed*, Mubbashira Nazir*, Sumia Bint Zaman * and Waqas Farooq*
POTENTIAL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
...n water scarce areas to bridge the demand gap and scrutinize the issues and constraints in commercial production of sugar beet. Trends were analyzed using existing published statistics. Water requirement of sugarcane is almost three-fold of the sugar beet. Sugar beet will not put pressure on water resources if cultivated on commercial scale. The government is in favor of beet sugar but sugarcane mill owners are reluctant to encourage sugar beet cultivation due...
Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**
AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...l usage of ICT tools to bridge research and extension gap and can be used by agricultural policy makers to support agricultural services for farming communities who are otherwise deprived of extension services due to large number of farmers and their huge spread throughout the country....
Ehsanullah*, Muhammad Amjad Shahzad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Ali Zohaib*, Muhammad Ishfaq* and Ejaz Ahmad Warraich*
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SOWING METHODS AND PLANTING DENSITIES ON GROWTH, YIELD, FIBER QUALITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICACY OF COTTON
...ting (75 cm apart beds), ridge planting (75 cm apart ridges) and line sowing with varied inter row spacing (25, 50 and 75 cm). Sowing methods significantly affected growth and yield of cotton. Pit planting imposed maximum increase in plant height (152 cm), number of monopodial branches (4.7) and sympodial branches (22.6) per plant, number of unopened (9.4) and opened bolls (41.1) per plant, and average boll weight (3.0 g) of...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Tao Han2, Shaoquan Li2, Shaolin Wang2 and Yang Hu2
...t feathering Huainan partridge chickens. A total number of 360 fast feathering Huainan partridge hens and 40 roosters were randomly divided into two equal groups. For NM, 4 mating cages were maintained each with 5 roosters and 45 laying hens. The other birds were reared in 3-layer complete ladder cages for AI, for which 180 hens were maintained in 60 cages with 3 hens/cage and 20 roosters in 20 cages. Laying performances, mo...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Shafqat Rasool1, Faraz Akrim1, Shaista Andleeb1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2 and Fiaz Nadeem3
...as located in a mountain ridge at Kalinger valley site.
...
Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam
...tions over the years to bridge the gender gap in schooling among children and increase enrolment in schools, most children are still found outside the walls of the classroom especially in rural areas. This research assessed how inequality in gender as it regards schooling among children affects the income as an indicator of livelihood of farming households in Kwara state, Nigeria. A sampling technique comprising of three stages was used to randomly select 200 ...
Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*
...anted at 0.7m spacing on ridges. Results revealed that N 120 kg ha-1 resulted in the maximum days to flowering, leaf chlorophyll content, capitulum diameter and grains including their weight, which resulted in higher grains yield. Likewise, the increased in P rates have shown better results for all the observed traits with P 90 kg ha-1. Sulphur application of 30 kg ha-1 also showed better performance on sunflower yield traits. At some observations S 20 and 30 ...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...The Chukor or Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar) is a game bird of family Phasianidae. In Pakistan it occurs in a wide range of rough, sloping and dry regions rising to the higher foothill valleys of the internal Himalayan ranges and western Himalayas and plains, Balochistan, and dry hillsides of the Punjab and Sindh. It is the “National Bird” of Pakistan, however, very little is known about its ecology and breeding in its native range in t...
Abid Muhammad Shah1, Safdar Ali1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Gulzada Wazir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Bashir Ahmad Khan3 and Sumaira Zareen4
...was maximum (24.08%) for ridge sowing method. Similarly, grain yield was maximum (3.09 t ha-1) under the plot where hand weeding was performed followed by the plot where Ally max (2.68 t ha-1) was applied; whereas, highest yield was (2.84 t ha-1) obtained from line sowing method. So, it is concluded and recommended that for controlling broadleaved weeds hand weeding otherwise Ally Max herbicide through line sowing method results in a good yield of rain fed whe...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Sami Ullah1, 3*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Ahmad Mujtaba1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Muhammad Jahangir Shah2, Bashir Ahmad2 and Ijaz Ahmad4
...wing, simple cultivation ridge sowing, zero tillage dibbling and zero tillage drill were performed as the experimental treatments. Results showed that maize hybrid sown under deep tillage gave the maximum grain yield (7.2 t ha-1), number of grains cob-1 (528), 1000-grain weight (265 g), plant height (205 cm), plant population (7.2 plants m-2) and stem diameter (1.58 cm), cob length (19.1 cm), biological yield (19.5 t ha-1) and harvest index (37.0%), while lowe...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
...sue, hypophysis, genital ridge and tissues of ovary and testis. Moreover, QRT-PCR results showed that BMP15 was expressed in the whole process of embryogenesis and folliculogenesis, early high level and then down regulated. It was significantly expressed higher level in COCs of middle diameter sized follicles than that of small and large sized follicles. BMP15 gene expression enhanced until morula stage but it fell sharply at blastula stage. Immu...
Muhammad Furqan Shahid1*, Tahir Yaqub1, Muhammad Yasin Tipu2, Asim Aslam2, Saima Yaqub1, Aziz-ul-Rahman3, Muzaffar Ali1
...try and fancy birds (partridge). Commercial broiler birds were infected experimentally at the dose of 106 EID50 by using these three isolates. Results revealed that onset of clinical signs was started at 2nd day post infection (DPI) followed by severity in redness and swelling of eyes, sneezing and lacrimation at 3rd DPI that lasts up to 5th DPI. Cross reactivity of antiserum response toH9N2 was compared a...
Hafiza Sadaf Zahra1, Asia Iqbal2, Sayyeda Hira Hassan1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Muhammad Khan1*, Muhammad Irfan3, Chaman Ara1, Shaukat Ali4
Manzoor1*, Ahmad Khan1, Amir Sohail2, Shahzad Ali1, Fawad Ali Shah3, Junaid Iqbal3, Muhammad Owais Khan4 and Sultan Nawaz4
...ase of planting methods, ridge planting had significantly higher plant height (186.10 cm), Plant at harvest (61316.60), thousand grain weight (205.90 g), leaf area (422.92 cm2), grain yield (2948.35 kg), biological yield (10562.30 kg). While broadcast planting produced high Shelling percentage (46.90). The interaction of planting methods and deficit irrigations, maize grow on ridge method and give full irrigations produced h...
Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1
... total water consumed by ridge ground was 500 mm. The solute transport and soil water content in the root zone was also simulated by HYDRUS-2D. The results reveal that the salts moved upward to the top (upper layers) and concentrated at the center of the ridge for treatments T2 and T3 but leached down from the furrow bottom. Whereas, the simulations carried out by HYDRUS-2D model showed that with increasing size of raised be...
Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz*, Khalil Ahmed, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Faisal Nawaz and Muhammad Sarfraz
... sowing methods (bed and ridge) in the main plot and nitrogen doses (40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1) as sub plot. Treatments were replicated three times with sub plot size of 4 m × 6 m. Measurements included were: number of plant/m-2, number of leaves/plants, root length, bulb diameter, forage yield and total bulb yield. Results revealed that all the studied parameters were significantly improved with nitrogen application @ 80 and 100 kg ha-1 in
Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5
... This research aimed to bridge the research gap by soliciting intermediaries’ role in the citrus marketing process. Total 120 randomly selected citrus growers were interviewed face to face and collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings affirmed that middleman, processing factories and friends/relatives were the foremost intermediaries in citrus marketing. Majority of growers (94.16%) preferred selling their pre-h...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Xiao Ping Jia2, Xiao Hong Wu1, Guang Lu Li1, Heng Cao1, Xue Yan Fu1 and Kun Peng Shi1
...ip with Japan quail, partridge, and mallard, which are clustered in one group.
...
Maria Khalid1, Tanveer Hussain1*, Zahid Farooq2, Kamran Abbas1 and Masroor Ellahi Babar1
... Pakistan the Chukar partridge (A.chukar)), is an important member of Phasianidae family, however a scarce molecular data is reported that urged us to investigate its genetic diversity and phylogeny using mitochondrial DNA, Cyt-b and Cox1 genes. A total of 749bp of Cox1 and 472 bp of Cyt-b complete coding regions of both genes were amplified by PCR followed by sequencing. The sequences were aligned and edited using Bio-Edit s...
Quratulain1, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabir1, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2 and Rashid Mahmood2*
... 3.0 × 3.0 m, with ridge to ridge distance of 15 cm and 10 cm onion plant-to-plant distance on each ridge. Fertilization, irrigation, weeding and all other agronomic practices were carried out in onion experimental fields except thrips management practices. Results revealed that thrips incidence occur after 6th week of transplantation. Saryab red found relatively susceptib...
Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali*
...erberidaceae. Berberine Bridge Enzyme (BBE) gene involved in the synthesis of berberine was isolated from Berberis lyceum and over expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The integration of the BBE gene in transgenic lines was confirmed through PCR while the expression was confirmed by Reverse Transcriptase PCR. Whole plant bioassay confirmed 100% mortality in DBM within 72 hours. The present investigation concludes that the metabolic engineering of berberine in pl...
Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Adnan Bashir1, Muhammad Hamza2, Wardah Muzaffer3, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Naeem Faisal1
...ity could be improved by ridge sowing with optimized seed rate for different varieties. This 3-years study was conducted to determine the optimum seed rate for different varieties of ridge sown wheat for better yield and related components. Wheat varieties (Faisalabad-08, Punjab-11 and Galaxy-13) were sown on ridges using two different seed rates (125 and 150 kg ha-1). Increase in seed rat...
Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
... transportation system, bridge piers needs to be properly designed for scouring
around its piers. For proper design of bridge piers, appropriate investigation of scouring patterns is extremely
important for various sizes and shapes of such piers. Without having research based knowledge of such patterns,
it becomes extremely difficult to predict/minimize the scouring effects ultimately leading to severe p...
around its piers. For proper design of bridge piers, appropriate investigation of scouring patterns is extremely
important for various sizes and shapes of such piers. Without having research based knowledge of such patterns,
it becomes extremely difficult to predict/minimize the scouring effects ultimately leading to severe p...
Rafiullah Khan1, Sakhi Jan1*, Muhammad Amjad1, Saeed Badshah1, Sajjad Ahmad1
CRACK CLOSURE AND FIBRE BRIDGING CONTRIBUTION IN THE STRESS-RATIO EFFECT ON DELAMINATION GROWTH UNDER FATIGUE
... bridging fibres and un-bridged fibres have been compared for different
fatigue stress-ratios. The results show that crack closure only occurs at lower stress ratios. Fibre bridging does not
affect the stress ratio however the crack rate was decreased in this case. ...
fatigue stress-ratios. The results show that crack closure only occurs at lower stress ratios. Fibre bridging does not
affect the stress ratio however the crack rate was decreased in this case. ...
Khuram Rashid1, Saroosh Danish2, Muhammad Akram Tahir3
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER TIRES AS FILLER IN CONCRETE
...mpressive strength was abridged. On the contrary, there was continuous reduction in the compressive strength with the increase in the amount of coarse rubber content as compared to control specimen. It was verified that rubberized concrete have potential to use in concrete up to some extent. ...
Anwar Ullah*, Sabir Islam*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi Ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*
MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR HEAVY EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
...rojects. Dams, schools, bridges
or any mining related initiations are part of these infrastructure development projects. Usually the delays are due to
the inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a maintena...
or any mining related initiations are part of these infrastructure development projects. Usually the delays are due to
the inefficient and ineffective maintenance procedures of the heavy earth moving equipment’s. Poor record keeping
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a maintena...
Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****
DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...ate in full wheat stone bridge form and were connected to Data acquisition system (DAQ) to record deflection.
Lab calibration was carried out to determine the value of strain for each load applied through Universal
testing machine (UTM). Load verses strain graph was developed for each load cell which was used to interpret the
value of load exerted by each pair of tire to produce strains. By adding the strains from each plate...
Muhammad Khan1, Tehmina Ameer Khan1, Aziz Ud Din2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah3,*, Kalim Ullah4, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...red with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) Accession-No. N_012920.1. Four mutations in 16S-rRNA gene have been identified viz mt-2552T>A, mt-1811A>G, mt-1888A>G and mt-2467A>T and two are novel, mt- 2552T>A and mt-2467A>T while others have been previously reported, in patients of German and French population. For the first time, the mt-1888A>G and mt-1811A>G mutation in MT-RNR2 gene have been observed in pati...
Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1
Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... in basket making, twig bridges making, soil cover for preventing erosion. Similarly, Astragalus genus used as a fodder, fuel wood, miswak, fatigue, tooth ache, Crotalaria juncea forage for goats and cattle and also toxic alkaloids, particularly in the seeds and pods, Lathyrus cicera is used as a green manure, soil cover for preventing erosion and in breeding program for the plant species, Medicago minima is rich source of vitamins A, C, and E, green manure an...
Hamida Sarwar1, Kousar Perveen1,Rida Mazhar2, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Amir Gilani3
...ct. This study tries to bridge this gap in research.
...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar, Farrukh Sajjad, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*
Field Evaluation of Promising Botanical Extracts, Plant Essential Oils and Differential Chemistry Insecticides against Subterranean Termites Odontotermes obesus (Isoptera: Termitidae)
... HSF555 were sown on the ridges under RCB design after treating them with 20% botanical extracts, 2.0% essential oils and differential-chemistry insecticides with their field recommended dose rates. Results revealed that as compared to control plots, all treatment plots exhibited reduced bud and shoot damage with maximum bud germination and minimum termite infestation. Maximum bud germination was recorded in chlorantraniliprole (92.99%) and chlorfenapyr (92.03...
Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2
Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...ers include the need to bridge digital divide, implementation of strategies for a better interface with development partners and optimization of the use indigenous mitigation strategies for climate change. The review recommends that essential strategies that must be in-cooperated in the extension service delivery in Nigeria should include adoption of new scenario thinking in communicating resilience building, establishment of emergency management unit by the a...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...day-roosting habitats by ridge, upper slope location, and sunny slope. The foraging sites utilized by the birds also featured higher altitude, steeper slope, bigger tree heights and diameter, smaller shrub cover and lower herb height, and higher sheltering class. The overall classification model developed from these seven variables helped distinguish foraging sites from random ones at probability of 90.2%; while day-roosting sites tended to be found in the are...
Shawaiz Iqbal1*, Nadeem Iqbal2, Usama Bin Khalid1, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Adila Iram1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Sabar1 and Tahir Hussain Awan1
Growth, Yield and Economic Analysis of Dry-Seeded Basmati Rice
...ii) DSR-drill, (iii) DSR-ridges were compared with the conventional transplanting (TR) method in lines having row to row and plant to plant distance of 22.5cm distance, and farmer transplanting method. Experimental design was randomized complete block, replicated 3 times. Data were recorded on height (cm), tillers m-2, filled and unfilled grains panicle-1, thousand grain weight (g), grain and biomass yield (t ha-1). Grain sterility (%) and harvest index (%) we...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...ee sowing methods (flat, ridges and raised bed) were kept as main plot factor, whereas four nitrogen levels (00, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) and four treatments of sulphur (00, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1), were kept as sub plot factors, which were replicated four time for each experiment. Urea and ammonium sulphate fertilizers were used as a source of nitrogen and sulfur nutrients. Results showed that all quantitative and qualitative parameters ...
Qin Liu1,2, Bin Wang1,3, Yu Xu1,4, Xiuyue Zhang1, Tao Zeng1* and Jianghong Ran1*
...;">The buff-throated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii), a sexually mono chromatic Galliformes species, is an endangered bird endemic to western China. Previous studies suggested that it had the behavior of facultative cooperative breeding, which was rarely reported in Galliformes. In this study, we isolated 17 tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci to test parentage and kinship for a wild population with 29 individuals from 10 different families (A-J). ...
Rahmat Ullah Khan, Asif Sadam and Sajid Mahmood*
...ors affecting chakor partridge (Alectoris chukar) were studied in district Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May, 2017-April, 2018. Known habitats were divided into three categories: 1) vertical barren rocks 2) rocky vegetation slopes and 3) grassy mountainous slopes near agricultural fields. The average monthly population density was 0.198±0.04/ha by line transect method. During the period June, July, September and October 2017, significantly (<...
Fazal Wahid1, Arif Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Rahim2*, Fazal Dad1, Nadir Khan1, Saqib Ullah1, Yasir Ali1 and Sayed Ashfaq Ali Shah3
... Ni < Fe, soil of the ridge gourd farmas Co < Pb < Cr = Ni < Fe, soil of the lady fingers farm as Co < Pb < Ni < Cr < Fe while soil of the wheat farm was found in the order of Co < Cr < Pb < Ni < Fe. The concentration of Fe in all soil sample was found in the maximum ranges while those of Co in the minimum ranges. ...
Jabeen Farheen1,2*, Simeen Mansoor1 and Maria Abid1
...forwarded anaphase, and bridge anaphase were only found in sunset yellow, tartrazine, and fast green, respectively. The use of evaluated FCAs especially allura red in foodstuff, cosmetics, and skincare products can cause cancer in humans....
Imran Tarique1*, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah1, Illahi Bux Kalhoro1,
Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani2, Mansoor Tariq 2, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi1,
Saqib Ali Fazlani3 and Benazir Sahito3
...l papillae and epidermal ridges. Dermis layer possess dens irregular connective tissue, which consist of elastic, collagen and reticular fibers. Superficial dermal papillary layer was located beneath the epidermis, whereas dermal reticular layer deeper above the hypodermis. The papillary and reticular dermis was well developed in adult male age group with abundant areolar and dense irregular connective tissue all sk...
Imtiaz Ahmed*, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Abbass Khan, Noorullah Khan and Fayyaz Ahmed
...h and seed production of ridge guard (Luffa acutangula Roxb)” was conducted at PARC-National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute, Shinkiari, Mansehra, Pakistan during the months of April-September, 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications. There were 45 plants in each replication. The treatments comprises of two growing methods i.e. vertical growing method a...
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...vironmental factor that bridges the gap between the crow and man is lacking. This study evaluated the plasma biochemistry profile of C. albus and the environmental factor that bridges the gap between man and crow through which disease pathogens could be transmitted. The plasma biochemistry parameters of C. albus determined in this study are higher in females than in the males but the mean plasma biochemistry pa...
Zekeriya Özüdoğru1, Hülya Kara2*, Adem Kara3, Derviş Özdemir3 and Hülya Balkaya2
...estinal tract of the partridge (Alectoris chukar). These cells which secrete coloestokinin (CCK), motilin, ghrelin, gastrointestinal polypetide (GIP) and vasointestinal polypeptide (VIP) in gastrointestinal tract were examined by using immunohistochemistry. CCK-IR, motilin-IR, ghrelin-IR, GIP-IR and VIP-IR cells were found to be more densely populated than other immunostained endocrine cells in the proventriculus and ventriculus sections. The distributi...
Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5
...iques (25.84%), wheat on ridges/seedbed (24.17%), heat and drought tolerant maize (OPVs) varieties (20.84%), heat and drought tolerant wheat varieties (20%) and organic farming (16.67%). Knowledge index revealed that both districts’ farmers had 35.71% knowledge level in fourteen different indicators in the study area. The farmers of district Charsadda had slightly high knowledge level (38.67%) compared to district Nowshera farmers (32.75%). Results of re...
Saba Iqbal, Asmat Ullah*, Muhammad Luqman, Hafiz Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Kashif Munir and Nawal Zafar
...ent planting techniques (ridge and bed planting) to evaluate their water use efficiency and their economic feasibility. Results of this study revealed that sowing of wheat on ridges and beds gave higher productive tillers (384 ha-1 and 401 ha-1, respectively), grains per spike (47 and 47, respectively), 1000-grains weight (43 and 44 g, respectively) and ultimately higher grain yield (4492 kg ha-1 and 4761 kg ha-1, respective...
Sonali Menamvar1,2,3, Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar1, Veeregowda Muniveerappa Belamaranahally2, Yella Narasimha Reddy3, Rathnamma Doddamane2, Shrikrishna Isloor2, Ramesh Poojari Thimmaiah2, Gurrappanaidu Govindaraj1, Bibek Ranjan Shome1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan1*
...(18.2%), Djasiman, Hurstbridge, Panama, and Pyrogenes (13.6%). Further, studies are required to identify the appropriate farm level/animals level risk factors associated with bovine leptospirosis using large-scale sampling with a refined survey instrument tool.
Keywords | Bovine leptospirosis, Risk factors, Microscopic Agglutination Test, PCR, Seroprevalence
...
Junaid Ali1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Ilyas3, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha4*, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram6, Mina Kharal7, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Fareeha Athar1, Ayesha Mustafa1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1
...g methods; flat, bed and ridge and with four different irrigations levels; I1: one irrigation, 60 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations 30 and 60 DAS, I3: three irrigations 30, 60 and 90 DAS and I4: four irrigations 30, 40, 60 and 80 DAS. The variable irrigation levels and sowing methods significantly affected growth and yield of lentil crop. The maximum plant height (47.66 cm), branches per plant (11.66), pods/plant (85.33), biological yield (5204 kg/h...
Maize Yield Performance Under Planting Patterns and Row Spacing in Semi-Arid Zone of Pakistan-Mardan
Shakir Ali1, Zia Ul Haq1, Abdul Malik1, Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan3
...ze variety. The beds and ridges height were kept 15 cm while plant-plant distance of 20 cm was maintained for all the patterns. From statistical results of the data, it was observed that flat pattern P1 produced significantly (P<0.05) higher grain (7568.7 kg ha-1) and biomass (17571.2 kg ha-1) yield as compared to P5 that produced 6160.85 kg ha-1 grain and 11340.65 kg ha-1 biomass. The planting pattern P2 is par with P1 produced 6944.5 kg ha-1 grain yield a...
Nuzhat Kamal1, Muhammed Sajjad Ansari2*, Bushra Allah Rakha1, Shamim Akhter1, Saima Qadeer1 and Ali Akhter1
...ility (%), normal apical ridge (%) and chromatin integrity (%). Sperm motility was recorded higher in extender containing 15mM alanine compared to control. Sperm viability was recorded higher in extender containing alanine 10, 15, 20mM compared to control. Sperm plasma membrane integrity, normal apical ridge and chromatin integrity remain similar in all experimental extenders. It is concluded that alanine addition in tris-ci...
Salahud Din
...’ by a dorsopalmar ridge. The phalanx distalis (P3) was triangular, with four surfaces and six borders. The descriptive analysis indicates, no statistically significant (p>0.05) differences between the lateral and medial phalanges of all measured parameters. All the measured parameters for the digits of the forelimb were statistically significantly different (p>0.05) between male and female adult Chinkara except greatest Length (Lg) of the phalanx ...
Syed Hilal Sardar1, Yousaf Jamal1*, Iltaf Ullah2, Abdul Basir1, Hidayat Ullah1 and Mukhtar Alam1 and Ikramullah3
...The planting was done on ridges following recommended planting geometry of row to row distance of 75cm and plant to plant distance of 25 cm. Our findings revealed that plant height (cm), ear weight (g), grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) varied significantly (P≤0.05) among different hybrids while no significant variations were observed in terms of emergence m-2, days to 50% emergence and ear length (cm). Our data revealed maximum ...
Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1*, Alfarisa Nururrozi1, Yanuartono1, Sitarina Widyarini2, Dhasia Ramandani3
...s, swollen on the nasal bridge and maxillary sinus. Subsequently, the cat was diagnosed infected by cryptococcosis based on cytology, fungal culture, serology, and hematology. Lymphadenopathy and the spreading of infection to the lungs were identified based on histopathological examination. Owing to potential zoonotic, a high index of suspicion was needed to identify mimickers like Cryptococcus spp. which in this case had initially presented as bilateral subma...
Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3
...re vertically located as ridges at teat internal streak canal end mucosa. The number of Furstenberg’s Rosettes ranged from 11 to 15 and 9 to 11 in SCPMG and SCN-PMG, respectively. Mammary gland parenchyma revealed an arrangement of lobules separated by interlobular connective tissue. Each lobule comprised a group of alveoli surrounded by interalveolar connective tissue. In SCPMG, less connective tissue was seen in between a large number of alveoli, which...
Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3
...anagement. Sea-crossing bridges have been constructed worldwide to facilitate human travels and transactions. However, limited information is available on the ecological impacts of bridge constructions on local microeukaryotic compositions and functional shifts. In the present study, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to compare changes of microeukaryotic communities in local sediments infl...
Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ali Zohaib2 and Ishtiaq Hassan3
... i.e., CT, happy seeder, ridge sowing and SS with Randomized Complete Block Design. As compared to CT the SS has been estimated as resource conservation technique regarding sowing time (62.50%), irrigation time (7.69%), seed cost (14%), fertilizer cost (10.81%), and fuel cost (58.33%) with the constrained requirement of higher hp tractor (preferably 85 hp) for sowing operation. An increased wheat yield (13.11%) was estimated with SS (3450 kg ha-1) as compared ...
ZAHID FAROOQ1, IRFAN BABOO2, MUHAMMAD WAJID3, HAFIZA SADIA4, MUHAM
... chemistry of Chukar Partridge kept in captive conditions in Punjab Province of Pakistan. During this study, total 28(10 male, 18 female) blood samples of healthy birds were collected from four different captive facilities under the control of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Hematological parameters including Total Red Blood Cell Count, Total White Blood Cell Count, Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume, ...
Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1
...ed at 0.40m apart on the ridge and 0.75m between ridges) and maize at 53,333 plants/ha (0.25m x 0.75m) gave an intercrop yield of 7.32 t/ha tubers and 3.46 t/ha grain yield with highest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44 was relatively similar to sole sweet potato. Therefore, the above intercropping pattern established in the month of June will minimize weed infestation and improve prod...
Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1
...irrigation canals, field ridges, orchards, and undisturbed waste areas. Data regarding absolute and relative density, frequency and relative frequency and importance valve were recorded by the quadrate method. Cynodon dactylon had the highest relative density (27.21%), followed by Digiteria sanguinalis (14.87), Cyperus rotundus (12.96) and Euphorbia prostrata (5.12). Parthenium hysterophorus L. an invasive alien weed was recorded in almost all the sites with a...
Shuaib Kaleem , Muhammad Ansar , Anjum Ali , Shabbir Ahmed
Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai
...ard demarcation-limiting ridge between its divisions and appears relatively lobulated. This age was characterized by longitudinal and translational folds along the entire inner surface. Histologically, both organs were composed of the same four basic layers. Due to some of its distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics, this animal species is valuable as a model in numerous scientific investigations. Therefore, this study sheds light on the histomor...
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
...the status of Chukar partridge (Alectorus chukar) habitat, ecology and causes of decreasing its population in town Thana of district Malakand. Primary data was collected through visits to the study areas in the morning and late afternoon along with the three helpers to study its habitat and their different activities in the study areas and through questionnaire survey. Secondary data was collected from literature. Dabber Tangy (Chrhat), Obukhwarh, Topda...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...francolin and Chukar partridge in Swegali Game reserve District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Animals select habitats for cover, food, water and breeding. We examined habitat selection of Grey francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) in Sewagali Game Reserve. The main method used for collection of data was line transects. We observed 58 Grey francolins; identified six habitat types and were mapped using GIS and field surveys. The species wa...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...francolin and Chukar partridge in Swegali Game reserve District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. We investigated habitat selection of Black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) in Sewagali Game Reserve. The main method for collecting data was line transects. We observed 75 Black francolins, six habitat types were identified in the reserve and were mapped using GIS and field surveys. The species was distributed in three of the available six h...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...ive ecology of Black partridge (Francolinus francolinus), Grey partridge (Francolinus pondicerianus) and Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) in Sewegali Game reserve District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Animals select resources for food, cover and nest sites. If a variety of habitats are available to an animal, it selects some and avoids others. We ex...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal and Imtiaz Hussain
...ms (DFM) were planted on ridges 30cm apart with a plant to plant distance of 15cm. The treatments are highly significant at 95% and 99% level of confidence. LSD at 5% shows that all the treatments are highly significant among themselves while the T1 (Daughter) corm is highly significant. Furthermore, it is recommended that the cultivation of Colchicum luteum should be done by one year old corm i.e., Daughter corm....
Hanif Gul and Mirza Hakim Khan
...ng on warmer aspects and ridges with stony soil The stressed trees had very little sap which made them prone to the attack of above beetles The grubs of these beetles constructed concealed and irregular gallaries in the twigs and branches, causing damage to conducting tissue by complete strangulation. Since the insect damage was mainly due to stress caused by drought and was also below the economic limit, therefore no conventional control measure were feasible...
Anjum Amin and Ghulam Akbar
... constitute the northern ridge of the Hills. Although most of the best cheer pheasant habitats are mostly disturbed by human activities, yet the habitat along the ridge is ideal and will remain so....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
... slope and micro-relief (ridges and depressions) on belowground biomass. The underground plant biomass was collected to 40cm depth. Fifty percent ( 1004 g/m2 ) of the total collected biomass (2008g/m2) was found in the 0-10cm soil section; 24%(482 g/m2) in the 10-20cm layer; and 26%(522 g/m2) in the 20-40cm depth. The middle slope out-produced (2370g/m2) the upper slope (1741g/m2) and lower slope (1911g/m2) in root biomass. The belowground production of
Zakaullah
...st, through the northern ridge, at a point about 6.8 kilometers from the Mana village. The parasite was extending east-ward. The incidence of infection was 24% for all the study trees within 1.6 km of the ridge. The highest incidence of infection was in
trees growing on the ridge. The incidence decreased as the distance from the ridge increased....
Abdul Basit1, Ayesha Zahid1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Inayat Ullah2, Sana Ullah3*, Muhammad
Kashif Nawaz4, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Izhar Ullah5, Fawad Ali1, Shaukat Ali1
...types of sowing methods (ridges and flat beds), and reduced to various number of
picking (3, 4, and 5 intervals). The results of the present study revealed that okra plants
sown on the ridges recorded maximum germination percentage (96.9%), fruit weight
(22.41g), pod length (14.44 cm), seed pod-1 (48), 100 seed weight (6.41 g), seed yield
(102.2 kg ha-1) and fresh yield (0.165 ...
Bioecology, Diversity and Distribution of Avian Fauna in Bajaur Valley, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Rahmat Ullah Khan* and Karim Gabol
...6±11), chakor partridge (1019.5±10), bank swallow (1073±27), bank myna (568.33±58), house crow (806±20) and common chiffchaff (1128±00). The avifauna is going to decline because of heavy intimidation like scarcity, the toxicity of their diets and drinking water, illegal and merciless killing, rapid urbanization and road constructions, deforestation, habitat deterioration, predation, disease, and harsh environmental con...
Safaa El Bialy1*, Nabil Bker2, Hossam Ibrahim3, Saber, A. Saad4, Eman Ali5
... fish was stored in the fridge at 4°C for 8 days. Results of the study show that adding different amounts of PEO (1, 2, and 3%) to fish fillets improved their taste and texture. After treating the fillets with 3% PEO, pH levels were significantly (p< 0.05) dropped by 22.06%, TVN levels dropped by 62.55%, and TBA levels dropped by 82.75%. The most significant reduction in biogenic amines was observed in tyramine, which decreased by 89.04%. This was follo...
Shaza N. Alkhatib1, Rasha M. Ghoneim2, Hend M. Tag2,3, Hekmat M. Tantawy2, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek4*
...tes count (P<0.05), abridged (P<0.05) the levels of interleukins, NO, CRP, resisting, ANA and COX-2 than control. Withdrawal of phytoestrogens in experiment II still keeping the reduced (P<0.05) interleukins, resisting, CRP, ANA. Dietary soy phytoestrogens mitigated estrogen depletion immunological perturbations in ovariectomized females. This effect could not be reversed even after one month from their withdrawal from diet due to the persistence of t...
Tayyaba Gul Tareen1*, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen2, Muhammad Aamir3, Jehanzeb Khan1 and Naveed Jan4
...ogy in RES, dual active bridge converter with functions of active power filter (APF), and electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system have been elaborated in this research. Following with the problem description and objectives of this study are articulated. A thorough categorization of conference papers, journal articles, and transaction publications is conducted, centering on comparisons within the realm of electric vehicle EV and APFs power grid applicatio...
