Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...-borne diseases, and the mosquito-borne Dengue virus is one of the pathogens benefitting from this. The related virus Japanese encephalitis virus is the most important cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the world, and is maintained in avian reservoirs and amplified by pigs. The occasional spill-over of the virus into humans results in more than 60 000 clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis annually, with high case fata...
James Ayukepi Ayukekbong1,2
E-mail | [email protected]
...ly as the most important mosquito-borne viral disease but there are currently no licensed vaccines or specific therapeutics. The virus and its vector are widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics regions of the world. Dengue and malaria are endemic in Nigeria. Two independent studies among febrile patients revealed dengue IgG seroprevalence of 73% and malaria prevalence of 80% in some areas of the country. The diagnosis of the disease is further...
Farkhanda Manzoor1, Iram Amin2,*, Muhammad Shahid2,Samia Afzal2,Hania Ramzan1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah2 and Muhammad Idrees3
... RNA extracted from each mosquito larvae pool was tested by nested PCR for detection of dengue virus. Out of total 50 pools of Aedes aegypti larvae, DV-2 was the most prevalent serotype. DENV-1 was not found in any pool. While all pools of Aedes albopictus were negative for dengue virus. Our study showed that the main cause of spreading of dengue virus was Aedes aegypti. Serotype DENV-2 was dominant in the field collected larvae of Aede...
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
...olecular epidemiology in mosquito (dengue vectors) is limited. Here, we investigated the vertical transmission of dengue virus (DENV) in the Aedes mosquitoes and its (DENV) transmission through other factors mainly tyres trade. DENV was detected in Aedes aegypti (57%) and Aedes albopictus (43%) adults (n=1050) and larvae (n=550). The samples were collected from four (Shuba Bazaar, Tarnab Farm, Wazir Bagh...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
.../div>...
Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**
OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...te control strategies of mosquito breeding in outdoor habitats. Larvae were collected from various mosquito breeding habitats such as irrigation channels, irrigation water leakages, pots, vase, tyres, temporary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year wit...
Rabia Faiz and Dilara A. Bukhari*
...d instar larvae of mosquito. Larval mortality was noted after 24 h and GCU B.t. 4 (400± 1.15) was found to be the most toxic against 3rd instar larvae of mosquitoes. Spores LC50 values of other isolates were 451± 0.90 (GCU B.t. 1), 511± 0.85 (GCU B.t. 2), 525± .013 (GCU B.t. 5), 582± 0.66 (GCU B.t. 3) and 850± 0.34 (GCU <...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...tive to Anopheles mosquito abundance, relative humidity and temperature in Nsukka, Nigeria. Hospital records from three hospitals in Nsukka town: Bishop Shanahan Hospital, University of Nigeria Medical Centre and Sadiq Hospital were examined for malaria prevalence and intensity from January to July 2015. Indoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by standard procedures within the study duration. Meteorol...
Dilara A. Bukhari1,*, Naureen Fatima1 and Abdul Rehman2
... their potential use for mosquito control. A total of 15 B.t. isolates were collected, of which 75% were from dry, leaf litter, garden soil samples, 15% were from animal waste and 10 % were from moist soil of the crop area. A 650bp of cry11 gene was amplified by PCR and seven isolateswere found positive for cry11 gene. The 16S rDNA study exposed that these screened B.t. confirmed 99% homology with B.t. serovar tolworthi
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2
...al biomarkers. Blood and mosquito samples were collected. Blood samples were processed through complement fixation test and RT-PCR, while mosquito samples were processed through RT-PCR. Overall prevalence of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) in indigenous breeds of bovine was 63.33%, lower, than exotic breeds 64.66% which were found to be more prone to disease. In the case of buffalo breeds, prevalence was more in Nili Ravi buffa...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
... viruses in Aedes mosquitoes was investigated in the metropolitan city Lahore, Pakistan during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Adult Aedes aegypti, were captured from nine towns and one Cantonment Board of the city using back-pack mechanical aspirator. Female mosquitoes were segregated and were pooled (7-9 individuals/pool) and subjected to NS1 Antigen test (ELISA). To determine infectivity in a m...
Hanif Ullah1, Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan2, Suleman3, Sawar Khan1,Salma Javed4, Abdul Qadeer1, Mohsin Nawaz1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood4
...;
...
Wen Xiong1,2*, Qitao Zeng2, Dangen Gu1 and Yinchang Hu1*
Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu1*, Maria Ifeyinwa Ngwu2, Fabian Chukwuemenam Okafor1, Aruh Ottah Anaga3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani1
...lected A. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to 5000mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L of the extract. The solvent for the extract, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as control. The results indicate concentration dependent mortalities and significant differences (P<0.05) in the mean percentage mortality between the laboratory-reared and field-collected Aedes mosquitoes. The mortality rate...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
...ya virus is Aedes mosquitoe transmitted virus that has typical signs and symptoms of high fever, headache, hemorrhage and body rashes. Although in the past decade millions of people in several continents like Asia, Africa and some islands of Indian Ocean have faced the major outbreaks of Chikungunya virus because of its travel associated febrile nature. An inexplicable paralyzing disease has trapped thousands of people in Karachi region of Pakistan and ...
Dibyendu Biswas1*, Shib Shankar Saha2, Shankar Biswas3 and Md. Abu Sayeed4
Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease of Cattle in South-West Part of Bangladesh and its Clinical Management
...ological vectors such as mosquitoes, flies and ticks. Sporadic cases of LSD have been observed in cattle elsewhere. The aim of the present study was undertaken to evaluate the present scenario of LSD and its clinical management at different house-holds at south-west region of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was developed and data were collected from the two upazila (Monirampur and Abhaynagar) at Jessore district. A total of 52 small house-holds and 183 ...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6
Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
... Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne emerging disease, capable of causing large epidemics in livestock accompanied by cases in humans, but with a complex cycle of transmission that makes it difficult to predict. The risk of infection in humans is more with livestock handlers who get occupationally exposed to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) because of frequent contact with infected vectors, animal body fluids and other tissues. We aimed to determine the preva...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1,Muhammad Asam Riaz1,Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Luqman2, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1, Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1, Mujahid Tanvir1 and Saadia Wahid1
...ptera litura), house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) and subterranean termite (Odontotermes obesus) using twig-dip, leaf-dip, aqueous exposure and filter paper-dip bioassay methods, respectively. Results revealed that the extracts of Mentha longifolia, Sonchus asper and Nerium indicum were the most toxic to D. citri exhibiting 90% mortality. The extracts of Dodonaea viscosa and Olea ferruginea cause...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nosheen Farooq1, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Arshad Javid2, Irfan Baboo3, Misbah Shoukat1 and Muhammad Aslam Khan4
...ored the biodiversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the district of Bagh, and at some adjoining areas, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the period May 2017 to October 2017. The specimens were identified under the binocular microscope by following the taxonomic keys of Christophers (1933), Barraud (1934) and Rueda (2004). A total of 2895 specimens of mosquitoes were collected from the study area, belonging to family Cul...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...-feeding arthropods like mosquitoes, flies and, African tick species play a role in
LSDV maintenance and transmission. Mechanical transmission of LSDV is well documented;
however, evidence of transovarian and transstadial transmission is a tick warrants an investigation into
the replication capacity of the virus in ticks. Transstadial occurs when virus remains with vector from
one life stage to the next and trans...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
... Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonotic disease that is endemic in
Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Outbreaks of RVF resulted in severe losses to the animal industry
and major threats to the public health. Control of RVF in Egypt is dependent on vector control and
yearly vaccination of livestock using an aluminum hydroxide gel-adjuvanted inactivated Rift Valley
fever virus (RVFV) vaccine.
<...
Hassan Shahzad Khan1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Asim Gulzar1
... both the instars of the mosquito. Bakain and neem extracts showed the minimum LC50 values after 72 h of application followed by garlic against the 3rd instar A. albopictus larvae. In case of green synthesized silver nanoparticles, the minimum LC50 values after 72 h were recorded with neem, bakain and garlic while the values were maximum in the case of clove, bitter gourd and datura. Similar trend of LC50 valu...
Abbas M. Al-Azab1*, Ahmed A. Zaituon2, Khalid M. Al-Ghamdi3, Fahd M. Abd Al Galil4,5
...sonal abundance of adult mosquitoes in Jeddah city was investigated throughout the year, 2010. Light traps (black holes) and manual methods were used for collecting adults and immature stages in five residential areas in Jeddah. A total of 796 adults of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected. Out of these, 373 males (46.8 %) and, 423 females (53.2%). Out of 950 collected immature stages, 83.41% larvae and 16.6% were pupae. ...
Mirza Gul1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Ikram Ilahi2, Hazrat Ali2*, Fida Hussain3 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
... A. indica against adult mosquitoes were 0.266 and 3.364 per cent respectively. A linear relationship was found between extract concentration and mosquitocidal activity. Regarding predatory control, it was found that during a 12-hour laboratory study, A. cybister consumed 10 exposed larvae. Under field conditions, introduction of predator decreased the larval density from 141.7 to 71 in 15 days. In conclusion, these plants a...
Arif Mehmood*, Muhammad Naeem and Ata-ul-Mohsin
...ateau. Collection of the mosquitoes was done from specified habitats fortnightly. A total of 3,997 adult and immatures of mosquitoes belonging to 5 genera and 28 species were collected. Culex spp. were found throughout year, Anopheles spp. through March-November. Armigeres spp. through January-November, Aedes spp. through April-November and Lutzia spp. were found in the months January-March and June-November. Seasonal distri...
Lethal and Sub Lethal Effects of Plant Extracts and Green Silver Nanoparticles against Culex pipiens
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...ipiens are blood feeding mosquitoes which are responsible for transmission of various diseases such as filariasis, encephalitis and chikungunya. Various control measures have been used to control the mosquitoes but most important is the use of synthetic insecticides. The chemical control has disrupted natural biological control system, resulted in the development of resistance, interfered with natural food chains and had und...
Mujahid Tanvir1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Mazhar Iqbal Zafar2, Muhammad Tariq3 and Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1
...n humans. Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and transmits many zoonotic diseases in humans and in wild and domestic animals. It is primarily controlled by the extensive use of conventional synthetic insecticides against most of which it has developed resistance. This study was aimed at determining the toxicity of selected microbial and synthetic insecticide formulations and botanical ex...
Ghulam Murtaza1,6*, Muhammad Irfan Fareed2, Noshaba Munawar3, Muhammad Nadeem Khan4, Gul-E- Zahra5, Taskeen Ahmad6, Muhammad Daud6 and Taqi Raza6
...ext-align: justify;">The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a serious public health concern since it is the principle vector of several arboviruses. Insecticide application is the most essential component of the present global strategy for the control of mosquito-associated diseases, and vector control is a critical component of that strategy. However, the present study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of five different insecti...
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Waqas Raza2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...fication, and sorting of mosquitoes habitat-wise in the Attock district of Pothwar region. Collection of specimens was done from specified habitats during 2014-16. A total of fourteen species belonging to four genera were collected from eight different habitats. The most abundant habitats were recreational parks, followed by residential areas and forests, while the least abundant habitats were graveyards. Maximum Simpson index (0.90) and Shanon Index (2.45) wa...
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Nadra Khan3 and Waqas Raza4
... Spatial distribution of mosquitoes provides clues for their precise and accurate control. In this study, which was conducted in 2014-16, different habitats including, graveyards, scrapyards, forest areas, streams, crops, residential areas, and animal sheds were specified in Jhelum district. Surveys for the collection of mosquitoes were made and a total of 365 specimens were collected. These specimens were identified as Cule...
Hesham A. Mahran1,2*, Shawky M Aboelhadid3, Saad S. Alqahtani4,5, Mohamed Z. Sayed Ahmed4,5
Asifa Hameed1*, Haider Karar2, Abdul Ghaffar1, Abid Hameed Khan1, Muhammad Mubashir1 and Ghulam Mustafa1
...ariety were covered with mosquito net before initiation of flowering, while the open trees of the same varieties were not covered with net. Overall, we found that insects are necessary for pollination and fruit setting. There was no fruit setting i.e. zero fruits per panicle in netted trees where the insects could not visit, the inflorescence during peak period. Maximum fruit setting occurred on trees where the trees were not covered with net. The most abundan...
Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3
... of arthropods including mosquitoes and flies from infected animal to healthy one. To control the dispersal of LSDV, infected animals should be quarantined, restricted its movement and place them in a place of no entry of vectors, arthropods. The recent review investigated new knowledge on several facets of the disorder, including its distribution, transmission, origin, pathophysiology, host vulnerability, diagnosis, preventiand therapeutic approaches. L...
Nael Abutaha, Fahd A. AL-Mekhlafi*, Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim,
Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa and Mohamed A. Wadaan
...ent genus and species of mosquitoes....
Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3
...d food. Vectors, such as mosquitoes or ticks, play a role in the transmission of diseases like West Nile fever and Lyme disease, respectively. Several factors impact diseases caused by zoonoses, and the convergence model classifies these components into major areas, including the interaction between domestic animals, wild animals, and human influences; ecological and biological factors; and environmental and socioeconomic factors. Throughout history, wild and ...
Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakkar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Ikram ul Haq1 and Waqas Raza1
...ve sorting, checklist of mosquitoes along with diversity indices and quantitative habitat web were prepared, which point out the hotspots of different mosquito species. In this study, a total of 580 specimens, comprising twelve mosquito species belonging to five genera were collected, which were deposited in the Biosystematics Laboratory of Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Ra...
Rael Jepkogei Masai
...limate, which determines mosquito and helminth free-living stage survival. The study was carried out in Nandi Hills Sub-County Hospital in Nandi County and data was collected from 300 pregnant study participants. The study period was stratified into wet season and dry season. Consenting participants provided stool samples that were processed by formal-ether concentration techniques and results recorded as either positive or negative. Capillary blood samples wa...
Hamayun Arshad1, Muhammad Waris2,3 and Qurratulann Afza Gardner1*
...est its toxicity against mosquito larvae by following WHO guidelines with slight modification. The bioassays were performed in triplicate and LC50 was calculated by applying log probit analysis. In conclusion, we found that S-layer protein of L. sphaericus Q001 was effective against the tested larvae with LC50 values of 8.5 µg/ml and 16.1 µg/ml against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi larvae respectively. Furthermore, field trials can reveal ...
Faheem Ali* and Amjad Farooq
...nant occurrence of Aedes mosquitoes under the influence of environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) of Multan city was assessed during 2014-2016. In this study, Aedes larvae were collected by using the entomological dipping method and identified in the laboratory. The results showed mean (±SD) temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity during 2014-2016 ranged 12.88-35.43oC, -0.33-87.43mm, and 36.17-72.17%, respectively. Lik...
Sura Saad Hamada Alkhuzaie
...an example, in Anopheles mosquitoes after feeding with nanocurcumin-treated blood meal (NBM). The study included the use of 216 female mosquitoes divided randomly into six replicates for each group. The groups were a 6hr-ealier provision of NBM before E. coli exposure, the 6E group, in which NBM was provided to mosquitoes 6hrs before bacterial exposure. There was a group in which both E. c...
