Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3
...the contribution of irrigated agriculture is more than 90%, thus the sustainable water supply to meet the food and fibre demand of the ever increasing population is a big challenge. Increase in crop water productivity (CWP) is one of the most important options for sustainable use of water resources in semi-arid environment. A field study was conducted during Rabi 2010-11 and Kharif 2011 crop seasons to compare the CWP of main crops (wh...
Abiodun D. Olabode
...mpled quadrats from both irrigated and non-irrigated farms. Information on socio-economic activities of the rice farmers, level of rice yield, agricultural practices for rice production and farm management techniques employed in the study area were observed. The study employed simple percentages to analyse the farmers’ responses; while regression model established significant relationships between rice yield and farm m...
Gul Naz and Mohammad Akmal
...rate of N-fertilizer for irrigated spring wheat production in the area. Among the available spring wheat varieties, Pirsabak-2005 is relatively the best variety for grain yield in agro-ecological condition of Peshawar that may effectively contribute in food security of the growing population in the region....
Zafar Waheed, Khalid Usman, Iftikhar Ali
Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar
...hat in 2008-09 tube well irrigated land account for 81.67 acre which decreased to 37.46 acre in 2013-14, after the dam construction. The number of parcels irrigated by tube well decreased from 158 to 75 in 2013-14. Today canal irrigation is the largest source of irrigation in the Mouza, which accounts for 56.09 acre. The analysis also reveals that the centuries old conventional subsistence agriculture is changed to market fa...
1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha
Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
...rainfed vis-à-vis irrigated rape and mustard crops, and work out relationships between aphid population and weather parameters for its forewarning. Results revealed that initial incidence times of aphid varied from 19 November to 3 December, depending upon dates of sowing done during 1 October to 5 November, which fall under recommended dates of sowing. In crops sown during 22 October to 5 November, critical periods of aphid infestation (having greater ...
Niamatullah Khan1*, Najeeb Ullah2, Inam Ullah2 and Asif Imran Shah1
...ton yield and quality in irrigated condition of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan....
Kamran A. Awan1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal3
... and Ghanemat-2015 as un-irrigated crop for the area. The study suggests that none of the existing wheat variety has potential to sustain grain yield of wheat if planted on December 5 or thereafter. However, Ghanemat-2015 is relatively better option over the other varieties for Peshawar....
Fawad Ali1*, Hidayat Ullah2, Ikhtiar Khan1
...ation in the wastewater, irrigated soil, their accumulation in vegetables, and potential human health risks. The results reveal that Cr concentration in the wastewater, Cd and Zn in soil and in vegetables have been found well above the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) which may lead to a detrimental effect on soil quality, leading to food contamination. The extractable concentration of metals viz Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn through ammonium bicarbon...
Ghani Akbar1, Steven Raine2, Allen David McHugh3, Greg Hamilton4 and Qurban Hussain5
...ons monitored were under irrigated while large number (50%) of NB irrigation were over irrigated. Simulation modelling showed that achievement of above 90% Potential Application Efficiency (PAE) is possible by improving operation (inflow rate and time to irrigation cut-off) and field design (field length and width/number of furrows per set). This work raised the prospects of improved irrigation efficiency of raised beds in ...
Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5
...opping intensities under irrigated conditions was conducted at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the spring season, 2014 in RCB design with triplicate run. The treatments included viz. Four sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean m-2, 6 sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean plants m-2, 8 sunflower plants m-2 + 30 mungbean plants m-2, 4 plants m-2 of sunflower alone, 6 plants m-2 of sunflower alone, 8 plants m-2 of sunflower alone an...
Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan
...were found in five times irrigated plots as compared with lower irrigation regime. Results showed that growth characteristics and quality of maize were significantly affected by soil conditioners (SC). Farmyard manure incorporation produced significantly higher crop growth rate, leaf area plant-1, taller plant, higher biological yield, grain and straw N contents of maize crop as compared to other soil conditioners and control treatments. Data on the effect of ...
A. R. Rattu, M. Fayyaz, I. Ahmad, M. A. Akhtar* A. A. Hakro and K. A. Khanzada**
...to develop varieties for irrigated and rainfed areas of Pakistan. Out of these 29 candidate lines, 9 were common to NUWYT 2003-04 and 2004-05. Three candidate lines namely, V-00125, 99B2278, 99B4012 from seeding date were found resistant to both leaf and yellow rusts and showed desirable Relative Resistance Index (RRI) during 2003-04 and 2004-05. In addition, two of these lines, 7-03 and RWM-9313 from seeding date were also found resistant to yellow and leaf r...
Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**
... 10-15 days interval. In irrigated conditions, maximum fresh and dry flower production at one flush was recorded 2783 and 763 kgha-1, respectively. The fresh and dry flower production under natural rainfall was recorded 812 and 252 kgha-1 respectively, at one flush. Matricaria recutita survived under the cold and drought conditions of highlands of Balochistan. Matricaria recutita has also shown regeneration potential on marginal lands. Commercial scale product...
Muhammad Tariq*, Raja Muhammad Omer**, Muhammad Ashraf Mian*, Obaid Ur Rehman***, Amjad Tahir Virk and Kazim Abbass**
PROMOTING CERTIFIED SEED AVAILABILITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L) THROUGH PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON YIELD IN RAINFED AREAS
...fed areas can be done in irrigated areas to ensure the quality of seed and its availability in rainfed areas, which ultimately will increase the income of the farming community of the area....
Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***
RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...bed planting of wheat in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Wheat is an important staple food of Pakistan. It contributes 13 % to the value added in agriculture and 2.6 % to the GDP. The agrarian economy of Pakistan is continuously under stress due to the low yield of almost all the crops and constrained with many problem. One of the most important issues of agriculture is water shortage which is increasing day by day and is a major challenge now a days. The...
Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**
ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR
...r cow milk production in irrigated areas of Sindh and constitutes more than half (54 %) of the total feeding cost per annum. While, in coastal and desert areas of Sindh, and mountainous - AJK wheat straw is the major cost item and shares more than half of the total feeding costs per annum (51 - 58 %). Mean milk productions per lactation of Red-Sindhi breed were 1845 lit and 1590 lit in the irrigated and coastal areas of Sind...
Saima Rani*, Hassnain Shah*, Umar Farooq** and Bushra Rehman**
SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
... crop. Pulses area under irrigated conditions and sowing season rainfall positively influence the production of gram and mung. Technological factors by the time trend had given positive impact on the yield and production. Demand analysis revealed that own price elasticity of demand was inelastic and less than one for both pulses. This implied the supply and demand gap of pulses in the country. Thus decline in pulses consumption could be attributed to dispropor...
Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Adnan Shakeel**, Muhammad Abdullah***, Muhammad Islam**, Sadiq Muhammad*, Ghulam Murtaza* and Mushtaq Ahmad**
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND WATER STRESS ON PROTEIN AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
...re found higher in fully irrigated plants as compared to water stress ones. Fertilizer treatments had no considerable effect on phenolic compounds....
Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**
EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
...ot . All these pots were irrigated to achieve uniform soil column. This experiment comprised 5 treatments viz., -1 -1 control, soil application of copper @ 2 mg kg (level 1), @ 4 mg kg (level 2), foliar application of copper @ 1% solution (level 1) and @ 2% solution (level 2). These treatments were replicated thrice. All the pots were arranged using completely randomized design. Soil application of copper was done before sowing wheat seeds. Seeds of wheat (Las...
Nisar Ahmed Soomro*, Abdul Fatah Soomro**, Hamz Ali Samo* and
Muhammad Siddique Depar***
GROWTH AND YIELD COMPARISONS OF FOUR COMMERCIAL WHEAT VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES
...rain yield ha . The crop irrigated four times, showed bit adverse effects on growth and yield traits over 5 irrigations with 84.77% germination, 79.16 cm plant height, 10.07 tillers plant , 254.91 tillers m , 51.91 grains spike , 57.60 g 1000-seed weight and 5230.75 kg grain yield ha ; while the plots given 3 irrigations showed lowest values for all the parameters. In varieties, Imdad-2005 maximizes its performance with 90.81% germination, 88.33 cm plant heigh...
Abdul Rehman Khan*, Muhammad Mahmood–Ul-Hassan**, Rizwan Ahmad** and Anjum Munir ***
ARSENIC III TOLERANCE POTENTIAL OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POLLUTED AND NON-POLLUTED SOILS OF PAKISTAN
...of Multan and Gujranwala irrigated with untreated industrial or municipal effluent. Some fungal strains were also isolated from non-polluted soils of Islamabad area. Arsenic (III) tolerance potential of 18 fungal isolates was tested by growing them on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium amended with different concentrations of As (50 to 5600 mg/L). The fungal tolerance was evaluated by comparing tolerance index (TI), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and g...
Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Sehreen Siddique, Muhammad Umar, Tamkeen Zainab, Fatima Zafar
...llected from rainfed and irrigated fields of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan during 2015-2016. Adult specimens were collected fortnightly from crops, weeds and shrubs from randomly selected locations i.e. Dolat Nagar, Lala Musa, Jalalpur Jatan, Guliyana, Fateh Pur and Kunjah. Analysis of specimens indicated a representation of 14 species, 6 genera and 3 sub families across all sites. Maximum abundance was noticed for Coccinella septempunctata (19.63 %) followe...
Nadia Mubarik1, Aqib Iqbal1*, Iqbal Munir1 and Muhammad Arif2
...prised of 2 irrigations (irrigated and water stress) and three concentrations of CaCl2 (5, 10 and 15 mM CaCl2.2H2O) as foliar spray on maize seedlings 20 days after emergence (DAE). Water was sprayed as untreated control on maize seedlings 20 DAE. After foliar application, the plants were regularly irrigated upto one week and water stress was imposed by withholding water from half of the pots for 20 days. Data were recorded ...
Najeeb Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1
...evealed that cotton crop irrigated at 20 days interval showed greater bolls per plant; weight per boll; seed cotton yield and ginning out-turn (GOT %). The results further showed that the genotype CIM-602 gave optimum yield owing bolls per plant, weight per boll, GOT % plus higher staple length compared to CIM-616 at 20 days irrigation interval. Thus it was concluded that the genotype-CIM-602 irrigated at 20 days interval su...
Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan
...esistant genotypes under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Number of aphids tiller-1 revealed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) among the genotypes. Under irrigated condition genotypes PJ-11×Lal-13, Tat-96×Lal-13, JB×Lal-13, AH×PS-05 and PS-13×Lal-13 were comparatively resistant with low aphids density while genotype PJ-11×PS-05 and KW were most susceptible. Under rainfed condit...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
... farmer (year), farmer`s irrigated, dry and pasturage land, live weight before fattening, and fattening period. Predictive accuracy of MARS algorithm was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2), Standard Deviation Ratio (SDRATIO), Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) and Pearson`s correlation (r) between actual and predicted AFFLW. Pearson`s correlation coefficients between actual and predicted AFFLW for male and female crossbred ...
Ansaar Ahmed1, Imtiaz Hussain2*, Ibni Amin Khalil3, Subhanulla3, Gulzar Ahmed3, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Imtiaz2
...d irrigation are used in irrigated maize–wheat system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province that requires skilled labor, intensive tillage and more water for irrigation. In this study, zero tillage and bed planting effect in comparison with farmer practice on maize-wheat system productivity was evaluated at five sites in district of Nowshera, KP province during 2014-2016. Maize grain yield with bed planting and manual planting on flat surface were non-sign...
Muhammad Zahid1, Naeem Iqbal1, Sohaib Muhammad2*, Summiya Faisal3, Wajid Mahboob3, Makhdoom Hussain4 and Zaheer ud din Khan2
...glucose treatments under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Hence, drought tolerance was slightly induced by exogenous glucose doses in terms of improved growth, yield and physiological traits. ...
Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...d soils due to prolonged irrigated by f waste water are a reason of accumulation of heavy metals leads to the production of contaminated food which exerts serious health risks to the humans. In the present study, edible portions of five vegetables viz., okra, tomato, spinach, carrot and cauliflower, grown with canal, tubewell and sewage irrigation water, were assessed for their proximate (moisture, ash, protein and fiber) and heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe an...
Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Ghaffar Ali and Muhammad Fayaz
... encroachment on fertile irrigated farmlands at urban fringe is alarming. More than half of the sampled transacted farmland parcels were used for residential and commercial units’ construction. Farmland potential for commercial or residential use creates a value expectation and it capitalizes into farmland price. The value, however, does not influence farmland rents. For control in loss of fertile agricultural land, the study recommends the imposition of...
Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6
... modern and conventional-irrigated farms. We used primary data collected from 120 farmers located in Nurpur Thal, Bhalwal, Sargodha and Lodhran districts of Punjab province. These areas were purposively selected based on relatively higher concentration of HEI infrastructures installed on the farms. Sprinkler irrigation system was mainly installed on wheat crop while the drip irrigation systems were installed on mango orchards. Therefore, one half of the sample...
Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5
...tion process in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan by studying the perceptions of the farmers about the different dimensions of agriculture LD with the construction of LD index. For achieving this primary data was collected by proportionate random sampling techniques form 90 sampled farmers through face to face interview survey method by filling a questionnaire. Farmer’s perceptions on agriculture LD were measured through the extent of severity scale ...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa Andleeb2, Bushra Mazhar1, Anum Imtiaz1, Shaukat Ali2*
Assessment of antibiogram and resistogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from irrigated wheat field water
...athogens associated with irrigated wheat field water. Study was carried out to check the efficacy of heavy metals and antibiotics against five isolated bacterial pathogens. Different morphological and biochemical tests were performed to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens. Among isolated strains, two belong to genus Staphylococcus spp., other two were Pseudomonas spp. and one strain belonged to genus Salmonella spp. Effect of various parameters such ...
Salman Ali*, Inamullah, Muhammad Arif, Mehran Ali, Muhammad Owais Iqbal, Fazal Munsif and Arsalan Khan
...x were observed in plots irrigated five times. Likewise, 75 kg K ha-1 application resulted in higher biological (plant height and biological yield) and grain yield (grains ear-1, thousand grains weight, grain yield and harvest index) components of maize. Increase in K levels beyond 75kg ha-1 showed a slight decrease in yield. It is concluded that water stress at each critical crop growth stage can drastically reduce crop yield, therefore, five times irrigation...
Khwaja Tariq Ziad1, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad2 and Muhammad Suleman Bacha3*
...n account of its fertile irrigated land, four seasons and glorious history of old traditions of farming. The current study is designed to analyse the response of participants an informal and formal supply chains for small-scale dairy farmers in Pakistan. The study aimed at explaining the costs of the chosen supply channels and their transaction costs, the role of the mid-agent opportunistic behaviour in the relative milk supply chain. Using case study and qual...
Najeeb Ullah1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Farkhanda Khan3 and Zaki Ullah4
...ton yield and quality in irrigated condition of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. ...
Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2
...f of the root system was irrigated with the same amount of water as applied to DI, and subsequently, irrigation was switched to the second half. PRD irrigation significantly improved WUE (both photosynthetic and intrinsic) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco than FI and DI. Higher Abscisic acid (ABA) production under PRD reduced stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration rate. Magnitude of osmotic adjustment (i.e. leaf water, ...
Muhammad Waqas, Shahid Ali*, Syed Attaullah Shah and Ghaffar Ali
...align: justify;"> Unirrigated area under wheat crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan remains larger (55.6%) as compared to irrigated area (44.4%) for the last four decades. This study therefore analysed supply response of unirrigated wheat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during 1981-2017. Data was obtained from Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Development Stati...
Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan2
... for the respondents who irrigated their fields using hybrid seed, as well as with the help from extension specialists’ visits and with the adoption of recommended farming practices. It is established that improved farming practices have significant influence on yield. The study recommends transfer of technical and timely information to the farming community and organizing local trainings and learning workshops. It is recommended that farm inputs i.e. fe...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli3, Allah Jurio Khaskheli2 and Arshad Ali Khaskheli1
...t zone), Tando Allahyar (irrigated zone) and Thatta (coastal mangroves zone) of Sindh province. The attributes like major nutrients (moisture, dry matter, total organic matter, inorganic/mineral matter (ash), ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract and total carbohydrate contents) were included. Comprehensive survey indicated year round availability of 19 different vegetations at study areas whereby dry matter contents in Calligonum...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh4
...le growers in Dadu canal irrigated area carried out on targeted vegetable farmers in three Districts Shikarpur, Larkana, and Dadu of northern Sindh, Pakistan. The effect of pesticides on human health and the environment is a main public health issue in Pakistan. These negative effects of pesticides can be minimized by awareness to the growers focusing more on alternative methods for sustainable crop production and by reducing the use of pesticides and training...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Sami Ul-Allah2*, Muhammad Naeem1, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Muhammad Qadir Ahmad3
...s conditions relative to irrigated conditions. Fresh and dry shoot weights were positively correlated with all seed traits. The highest correlation (0.94) was observed between seed weight and fresh shoot weight under irrigated condition followed by correlation of dry shoot weight with seed weight (0.89) under irrigated conditions. Correlation of all the studied traits decreased under water...
Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed
...rms. Pakistan is a major irrigated agricultural country with more than 90% of crop production coming from irrigated areas. Irrigation water available at farm gates either from surface or groundwater resources are more precious, thus demands a more efficient use. However, unfortunately more than 50% of this water is lost due to poor irrigation management practices on farms. Flooding, flat basin and irregular and unlevelled bo...
Amjad Ali1, Awais Salman1, Gul Daraz Khan1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2, Mahmood Alam Khan3 and Sajjad Ahmed3
...">Due to climate change, irrigated agriculture will take place under water-scarce conditions, at present and more so in the future. Inadequate water supply for irrigation will be the usual rather than the exception, and irrigation management will shift from emphasizing production per unit area towards maximizing the production per unit of water consumed. This field experiment was carried out to assess growth and yield responses of turnip to different deficit i...
Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghafoor1, Matiullah Khan1, Zafar Islam1
IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES POTENTIAL UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATED FARMS IN PAKISTAN
...n, border and furrow bed irrigated fields respectively, by optimising field
length and width. The analysis demonstrated increased understanding of the interactions of field sizes and irrigation
efficiencies, which may support irrigators’ decision making for enhancing irrigation performance at no significant
cost to infrastructure, machinery or labour. ...
length and width. The analysis demonstrated increased understanding of the interactions of field sizes and irrigation
efficiencies, which may support irrigators’ decision making for enhancing irrigation performance at no significant
cost to infrastructure, machinery or labour. ...
Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*
YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES
...ation, sugar beet may be irrigated at 80% offull irrigation. This might decrease the sugar beet root and sugar yields by 13.7% and 9.10%, however it may save 20% irrigation water that can be used to bring more area under irrigation....
M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*
INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
... world-wide depends upon irrigated agriculture. The performance of irrigation system having large network of canals fed from rivers is influenced by many parameters. Inequitable water distribution, Shortage of water during peak crop water requirements, tempering of insufficient funds for proper maintenance and high sediment loads in canals are worth mentioning issues. In this paper the performance of Lower Bari Doab Canal with emphasis on sediment transport an...
Muhammad Siyar1, Anwar Saeed Khan2*, Fazlur Rahman2 and Muhammad Jamal Nasir2
Spatio-temporal Assessment of Reliability in Pehur Main Canal System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...r higher productivity of irrigated agriculture. Both primary and secondary sources were tapped for data acquisition. An extensive field survey was undertaken in Rabi 2012-13 and Kharif Miana 2013 to acquire actual flow data of individual outlets. The reliability is measured on a scale of 0-1, 1 for complete reliable and 0 for unreliable services. The analysis shows the majority of reliability values closer to 0. Rabi season has better reliability than the Khar...
Zubia Rahim1, Gulnaz Parveen1*, Salma Gul2 and Khushnood-ur-Rehman3
Ameliorating Effects of Salt Stress (KCl, NaCl) on Growth and Germination Parameters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum)
... petri dishes/ pots were irrigated with distilled water. The experiment was extended to study growth (number of leaves, leaf length, stem breadth, stem length, number of tillers) and yield (spike length, total seeds on single spike, whole plant weight, weight of 50 seeds per spike) parameters in the field, which was performed in completely randomized design (CRD). 39 pots lined with polythene bags were used to avoid percolation of water. Data was analyzed by v...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Atiq Ur Rahman and Anwar Saeed Khan
Assessment of Irrigation Development in the Small Dams Command Area: A Case Study of Palai Dam, District Charsadda
....86 million hectares are irrigated while the remaining 0.79 million hectares have no permanent water for agriculture and mostly dependent on rainfall for irrigation. The development and management of water resources are of extreme importance for the sustainable development of agriculture specifically in rain-fed areas. Palai dam is a small irrigation dam, constructed on River Jindi, some 40 km north of Charsadda town. The present study is an attempt to evaluat...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah2 and Muhammad Talha Bilal3
Dynamics of Salinity and Land Use in Punjab Province of Pakistan
...he impact of salinity on irrigated area, uncultivated area and wheat area in Punjab using panel data of four agriculture census conducted in1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 in all districts of Punjab. Fixed and random effect model was applied on panel data of Punjab. The area left uncultivated by farmer due to presence of salinity was found to be significantly and positively related to area under salinity in the country. The percent area under wheat crop has inverse ...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal3, Iftikhar Zeb1,4 and Muhammad Azeem Khan1,5
...s when soil samples were irrigated with saline water. The instrument output showed that soil texture has profound effect on soil total water potential rising the water potential up to −4.56 for coarse soil and −9.11 MPa for fine textured soil. The instrument recorded a slow salt buildup in the coarse textured sandy soil which finally achieved a steady state after exhausting its maximum adsorption capacity. Whereas in the fine textured silt loam soi...
Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Aslam Khan Gadehi1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Mukesh Kumar Soothar1 and Zohaib Ur Rehman Bughio1
...p>). Spinach plants were irrigated with defined EC levels at 80% field capacity of a clay loam, non-saline soil. Results indicated that the growth and yield parameters of spinach genotypes were constantly decreased with an increase in EC levels of irrigation water. The plants irrigated with EC 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1 had less fresh weight of leaves (> 30%) than the plants that were irrigated...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...s in major cases (59.1%) irrigated their crops in drought periods.In the majority of cases through wells/tube wells followed by canals, while one-third of total cases were only rain water-dependent. Further, more than 50% of the cases aphids, scale and flat-headed borer insect/pest attacks were reported on the apricot crop. Besides scab, brown rot and shot hole were reported by more than 60%, apricot growers.Regarding dormant practices, 65.2% apricot growers p...
Muhammad Sarfraz1*, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi4, Abdul Rasool Naseem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1 and Muhammad Rizwan1
... etc. The marginal soils irrigated with saline water have deteriorated physical properties were improved with inorganic and organic amendments. Field studies were conducted at Kot Murad (district Hafizabad) to evaluate the different management practices for saline water in salt affected soils. Results suggested that the canal water with soil GR produced the maximum yields of rice and wheat trailed by the application of saline water with GR of soil and irrigati...
Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3
...d non-stress conditions (irrigated) at Gram Breeding Research Station, Kallurkot, Pakistan during 2019-20. Mean performance of various traits revealed significant differences among all the included chickpea advance lines. Drought indices i.e. drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), drought susceptibility (DSI) and yield reduction percentage were calculated to identify the drought tolerant chickpea lines. Correlation analysis showed that the strains possessing high...
Rafia Ahsan1, Saif Ullah1, Ijaz Yaseen1, Faisal Sohail Fateh1, Muhammad Fayyaz1, Shahzad Asad1, Atif Jamal1, Muhammad Sufyan2 and Muhammad Zakria1*
... is a serious disease of irrigated rice in Pakistan. All famous varieties of Basmati rice are susceptible to bacterial blight. Survey of rice growing areas of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) was conducted during the year 2019-20. BLB was prevalent in all the surveyed provinces of Pakistan. In Punjab, high disease prevalence was observed in Gujranwala (55%), Hafizabad (36%), Sialkot (29%) and Narowal (27%). No disease was observed in Wazirabad, Zafar ...
Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif and Zafar Islam
...and productivity of drip irrigated off-season tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under tunnel farming compared with traditional open-air farming method in Potohar, a rainfed area in Pakistan. The results indicated increased production potential per unit of land (46%) and per unit of water (74%) and larger farm income (3.47 BCR) than the traditional open-air farming method. These production benefits can be instrumental in impr...
Muzamil Farooque Jamali1, Fayaz Ali Jamali1, Tanveer Fatima Miano1, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi2, Sohail Ahmed Otho3, Khalid Hussain Talpur4, Niaz Ahmed Wahocho1 and Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro5*
... of marigold. The plants irrigated with canal water (control) having EC of 0.7 dSm-1 showed better results for both seed and flowering related traits. The plants treated with canal water showed better seed germination (82.56 %), seed germination index (2.04), plant height (21.31 cm), branches/plant (45.61), leaves/plant (201.67), flowers/plant (8.56), diameter of flower (7.95 cm), fresh root biomass (0.821 g) and dry root biomass (2.28 mg). The plants treated ...
Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1, Adnan Shakeel1, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ashraf Khan3* and Zafar Islam1
...productivity of capsicum irrigated with treated waste water was 18% and 16% in 2017 and 2018 respectively which was higher than potable water. The level of essential nutrients in the waste water is higher as compared to potable water. From results it was concluded that waste water can be used for growing capsicum for increasing yield and water productivity. ...
Aftab Ahmad Sheikh1, Khalil Ahmed1*, Belqees Akhter1, Ghulam Qadir1, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz1, Hafeezullah Rafa1, Abdul Wakeel1, Abdul Manan Saeed2
...strains for expansion of irrigated agriculture in the country. In this scenario, use of underground saline water for crop production with acceptable economic yield is a viable management strategy. Therefore, a lysimeter study was conducted to evaluate the effects of saline water on quality and quantity of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Forage sorghum was sown in cemented blocks and five increasing levels of saline water (0.30, 4, 6, 8 and 10 dS m-1) were...
Nazakat Nawaz1, Nasir Mahmood Cheema2*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf3, Muhammad Jahanzaib1, Mubashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Munir4
...n in rain-fed as well as irrigated areas of Pakistan....
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Nigah Hussain1 and Nasim Akhter2
...ultural labour supply of irrigated area of Khushab District of Punjab. Primary data of three villages was collected having different cropping patterns and irrigation systems of the study area. Multivariate model was developed to ascertain the various socio-economic factors i.e., off-farm work, farm size, farming experience and family size, on changing dynamics of agriculture labour. Results indicated that socio-economic factors significantly affect the agricul...
Habib Ullah Habib1, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Mujahid Ali1*, Tahir Mehmood3, Muhammad Manzoor4, Maqsood Ahmad3, Hasseb Ahsan1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal3, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad Mohsan1 and Ahsan Mohyo ud Din6
...ient requirement in drip-irrigated high dense kinnow orchard. To study such changes present study was performed with kinnow under different water depletion levels and fertilizer levels. The research was conducted on Water Management Research Farm, Renala Khurd, Okara. Kinnow was given two water depletion levels 10% and 15% along with four NPK fertilizer levels 100%, 75%, 50%, 75% of percent recommended dose of fertilizer) of NPK were studied by using soluble f...
Azra Kalhoro1, Abdul Aziz Mirani2, Fozia Khan Siyal1, Tahira Jatt2*, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Sadia Iram3 and Muhammad Abbas Bhutto4
...lower, and carrot crops, irrigated with sewage water (SW) of peri-urban area of the Karachi. Four treatments were designed, the fresh water (FW) was used as the control (T0), whereas T1, T2 T3 and T4 contained 25, 50, 75 and 100% of SW respectively. The samples analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer using flame atomic absorption techniques revealed that among the five treatments, accumulation of the six metals was found higher with 100% SW, which...
Ghani Akbar*, Zafar Islam, Muhammad Umar and Shahi Salam
...nefits of rice on furrow irrigated narrow beds (NB-65cm furrow spacing with 2 crop rows), drip irrigated wide beds (WB-130cm furrow spacing with 5 crop rows) and flood irrigated flat basin (FB) as control. The irrigation was scheduled at above field capacity (30kPa matric potential). The calibrated Aqua Crop FAO model was used for evaluating the root zone and atmospheric water balance and ...
Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil1*, Abdus Subhan3, Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Asif1, Zafar Islam1, Adnan Shakeel1 and Fawad Anwar2
...n the treatment that was irrigated at 50% field capacity. Conclusively, 50% of field capacity irrigation with water was an effective treatment and can be recommended for irrigated and water-scarce areas. Water scarce areas which receive less than 150mm annual rainfall....
Kalsoom1, Nasir Shah2, Muhammad Ibrahim3*, Tahira Bibi1, Kazim Ali4 and Zahir Shah2
...tive. A large portion of irrigated land in major countries is affected by salinity or is likely to be salinized in near future. This study assessed the impact of various salt levels on morphology and biochemical attributes of a wild (Sante wild) and two transgenic (Sante 2 event and Sante 8 event) potato varieties in in vitro condition. These varieties were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media subjected to (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) of Sodium Chloride (NaCl...
Rehman Shabbir1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Noor us-Sabah1, Mukkaram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Luqman*2, Muhammad Fahad Ullah3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Imran Shahzad1
... effluents than the soil irrigated with canal water. The tomato plants were grown at the different ratios of industrial wastewater. The experiment of the tomato plants was arranged according to complete randomized design (CRD) using 06 treatments replicated four times. Treatments included T1 = 100% CW (canal water) irrigation; T2 = 100% WW (wastewater) irrigation; T3 = CW 75% + WW 25%; T4 = CW 50% + WW 50%; T5 = CW 25% + WW 75% and T6 = Cyclic/alternate use of...
Zia Gul1, Muhammad Sajid1, Muhammad Noman Khan1*, Faheem ul Haq1, Zohra Nawaz1, Muhammad Bakhtiar2, Sajid Siddique1, Komal Aslam3 and Muhammad Irshad1
...ecorded when plants were irrigated at 15 days interval. While regarding organic manures, the maximum number of leaves (11.0) plant-1, plant height (41.6cm), leaf length (39.5 cm), leaf area (247.8cm2) leaf breadth (4.7 cm), leaf thickness (3.5 cm) leaf weight (207.3 g), number of suckers (4.1) plant-1, amount of gel (174.7 g) leaf-1 and survival percentage (71.5) was recorded in plants fertilized with poultry manure .The interaction of organic manures and irri...
Ikramullah and Inayatullah Jan*
...nagement on expansion of irrigated land in the newly merged district Bajaur. This study is based on household data collected through a pre-tested questionnaire from 120 farming households. Paired t-test was used to assess the role of OFWM in expansion of irrigated area. The results of the study showed that OFWM has a significant positive effect on irrigated land expansion in the research a...
Hafiz Nawaz1*, Kashaf Nawaz2, Attiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Bashir3, Mussera Hira2 and Mariyam Nawaz4
...of barani (rain-fed) and irrigated mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). 80–85% of mungbean area is in Mianwali, Bhakkar, and Layyah of Punjab. Some viral diseases cause little economic damage, while some do. Thus, mungbean viral traits, differentiating features, and dispersion must be studied critically. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Disease (MYMD) is a whitefly-transmitted viral disease. Infected plants have uneven yellow-green spots. Diseased plants develop...
Zaryab Murad1*, Sobia Bibi1, Shehr e Yar Ahmad1, Mohsin Ali Khan1, Rimsha Sadaf2, Mauz ul Haq1, Umair Manan1 and Muhammad Younas2
...dition and the pots were irrigated on the visual requirement of the water. From the experimental results, its depicted that rice yield and biological yield was increased from control to 4% BC application (4.9 and 4 g/pot to 10 and 20 g/pot), organic matter, soil N, P and K were also improved from control to 4% BC application (0.4 and 0.02%, 2.1 and 58 g/pot to 0.7 and 0.03%, 5 and 83 mg/kg). Aside these the application of BC at 4% incredibly decreased the conc...
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1*, KAFEEL AHMAD1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MUHAMMAD NADEEM3, ASMA ASHFAQ1,
BABAR MUNIR1, HAFSA MEMOONA3, MADIHA SANA3, FARZANA SHAHEEN1, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD4, HIRA MUQADAS4, MAHPARA SHEZADI5, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA6, HUMAYUN BASHIR1,
MUDASRA MUNIR1, ILKER UGULU7 & YUNUS DOGAN7
... wheat variety (Chagi-4) irrigated with varying quantity of sugar industry effluent. The water, soil and wheat grain samples were analyzed for heavy metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Concentrations of Mn (0.29-0.61), Ni (0.79-1.02), and Pb (0.01-0.42) mg/L in water samples were higher than the permissible limit of Mn (0.2), Ni (0.20), and Pb (0.1) mg/L given by FAO, while value (mg/L) of Zn (0.61-0.80 mg/L) was within the acceptable limit recommen...
AAMIR MAHMOOD1, ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID* & SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI2
...f growth, seedlings were irrigated with saline water (120 mM NaCl) and SA was applied for 60 days simultaneously. To observe the germination, seed were also primed with same concentrations in petri dishes. After 60 days on final treatment harvesting was carried out, leaf samples were taken for analyzing biochemical attributes (protein contents, antioxidants enzyme activates). A decrease in seed germination percentage from 95.22 (at control) to 25.34% (at 120 m...
KAFEEL AHMAD1, ROBINA KOKAB1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, MUDASRA MUNIR1, MUHAMMAD SHER2, KINZA WAJID1, HASFSA MEMONA3, MADIHA SANA3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MAHPARA SHEHZADI5, MUHAMMAD NADEEM6, TAHIR MAHMOOD QURESHI6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, ABID IJAZ1, BUSHRA HUMA1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, KHALID NAWAZ8 ILKER UGULU9 &YUNUS DOGAN9
...oncentration. Wastewater irrigated soil exhibited the maximum Pollution Load Index (PLI) values as compared to control treatment. It is recommended that wastewater must be treated properly before agricultural use to reduce accumulation of heavy metals in the cereal crops and implement safe practices for wastewater usage....
ZEESHAN REHMAN1, RANA ABRAR HUSSAIN1, SHAISTA JABEEN2, SAKHAWAT ALI2, ZAHAR NOREEN1 & IRUM MUKHTAR1*
...f elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated samples was the highest (153.4233mg kg−1), followed by Cd2+ (70.47333 mg kg−1) and Pb (65.79667mg kg−1). Results showed higher Pb2+ and Cd2+ level in B. oleracea than daily intake of metals (DIM) standard limits, cultivated on wastewater. Whereas health risk index (HRI) was found maximum (23.22 mg kg−1) for this vegetable cultivated on waste water in Kasur region. From the health point of view, the lon...
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8
Muhammad Adnan1*, Muhammad Nauman Khan2,3, Barkat Ullah2, Faisal Zaman2, Alevcan Kaplan4, Hubert O. Dossou-Yovo5, Sajid Ali Khan Bangash6, Sana Wahab7, Mehreen Ghazal8 and Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz9
...ental soil. Each pot was irrigated with 100 mL of distilled water with intermittent intervals of 48 hours. All the treatments were replicated three times considering each pot as one replicate. Through EDX analysis, it was noticed that the boron stress treatment exhibited the maximum number of elements detected in (T2, T5, and T6) wheat crops followed by (T0, T1, and T3). A total of 17 elements were detected and observed in wheat including Ca, S, K, Si, Na, Mg,...
Faisal Ali1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Iqtidar Hussain1, Ghazanfar Ullah1, Atiq Ahmad Ali Zai2, Moneeza Abass3, Zuhair Hasnain4* and Sara Zafar5*
Akbar Khan Khajjak1,4*, Adnan Nazir2, Tehmina Mangan1 and Ali Raza1
Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib
...ts at 1, 2 and 3% (w/w), irrigated and left for one week for leaching.
Thereafter, chickpea seeds were sown in the pots. Experiment was conducted in a
completely randomized design with six replications. S. rolfsii significantly reduced dry
biomass of shoot, root and grains of chickpea by 21, 36 and 50%, respectively, as
compared to negative control (without fungus or C. album). Likewise, chlorophyll and
Mehdi Minbashi Moeini,Hossien Jafary,Seyed Hossien Nazer Kakhki,Sirous Hassan Nejad,Maryam Aleefard
Khan Bahadar Marwat, Muhammad Saeed, Zahid Hussain, Bakhtiar Gul Haroon-ur-Rashid
MOHAMMAD JAMAL KHAN,NAZIR AHMAD,AZHAR RAUF,MOHAMMAD AMIN,MOHAMMAD TARIQ JAN,MASOOD UR REHMAN
Mukhtar Ahmad Shaikh, Ahmad Saleem, Nazir Ahmad Malik , Munir Ahmad Shahzad
Mansoor Khan Khattak , Muhammad Jamal Khan , Muhammad Salih Somroo , Liaqat Ali Jamali , Muhammad Saleem Khan
Mansoor Khan Khattak, Muhammad Jamal Khan , Muhammad Asrar, Said Wahab , Muhammad Ramzan
Ahmad Khan ?, Muhammad Ilyas , Tajir Hussain
F.O. Takim,S.B. Omotosho,M.A. Suleiman
MASOOD UR REHMAN,MUHAMMAD WAQAS,Muhammad Ramzan,Rahamdad Khan,IFTIKHAR UD DIN,Subhan ud Din
PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT HERBICIDES IN WHEAT UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Muhammad Sarwar Cheema , Muhammad Akhtar , Muhammad Sarfraz Iqbal
KHALID USMAN,MUHAMMAD AZIM KHAN
Ali M. Khushk,M. Yameen Memon
M. Khushk,M. Yameen Memon
S. SAJIDIN HUSSAIN,QAYUM NAWAZ,MUNIR AHMAN,SHAUKAT HAYAT
Ali M. Khushk,M.YAMEEN MEMON,M.YAMEEN MEMON
Akhlaq Ahmad Khan
... the main species in the irrigated agriculture fields of Punjab as well. The problem is serious enough to have caused deliberations in three Seminars arranged by the Punjab Forestry Research Institute of the Punjab Forest Department at national level during the years 2001, 2004 and 2006. Various views have been extended about the cause of such high and abnormal mortality by experts of different disciplines. This paper deals with an aspect of the malady not tou...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
...amongst the most heavily irrigated on earth and canals can be found throughout the province. Weather extremes are notable from the hot and barren south to the cool hills of the north. The foothills of the Himalayas are found in the extreme north as well. Most areas in Punjab experience fairly cool winters. By mid-February the temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in. The spring monsoon has either sk...
Abdul Hameed Khan1, Bashir Ahmed Wani2, Hakim Shah3 and Basar Ali4
...ctares (1.7 %) are under irrigated farming and the remaining about 440 hectares (25.9 %) are used mainly for dry farming. About 436 hectares (25.7 %) of the land is consisting of class IV (poor) dry farmed cum forest/range land. In the non-arable remaining part of the study area, about 144 hectares (8.5 %) comprises as class V (good) forest cum poor dry farmed/grazing land and about 99 hectares (5.8 % ) falls under class VI (moderate ) forest cum poor d...
Raza-ul-Haq and Mohammad Khan
...out on three sites under irrigated conditions, viz; PFI, Peshawar, farmland at Garhi Saeed near Peshawar and Changa Manga irrigated plantation (Punjab). The data on diameter and height growth of trees of different Paulownia species after 5 years of planting indicated that Paulownia catalpifolia, P. fortune and P. elongate are faster growing tree species than the other Paulownia species tested in the trials. Fas...
Chaudhry Abdul Rashid1, Raja Muhammad Omer2, Chaudhry Muhammad Faisal2, Waqar Ahmed3, Zahid Ali4
...e study was conducted in irrigated plantation of Chichawatni, Pakistan to measure the effect of four leguminous species (Parkinsonia aculeata. Albizzia lebbek Leuceana leucocephala and Dalbergia sissoo) on the growth of fast growing species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) Eight plants of E camaldulensis were replicated thrice in each treatment with a spacing of 2m x 3m. Plant height (m) and diametre at breast height (DBH) (cm) were measu...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...try consisting mostly of irrigated agriculture and arid and semi-arid deserts The mountain complex comprises of broad level valleys, partially irrigated, and high steep and rugged mountains, hills and plateaus.
More than 60 percent area of Pakistan is arid and receives less than 250 mm rainfall per annum About 20 percent area is semi-arid where rainfall varies between 250-400 mm per annum In these zones temperature rises...
Shams-ur-Rehman
...e under eight barani and irrigated conditions in Pakistan. The results revealed that the Eucalyptus camaldulensis provenance originating from Australian Northern Territory of Alice Springs, E. nucrotheca and AY-48 clone of Populus deltoids gave the best growth. For fodder, Acacia nilotica, Albizia procera, Leucaena leucocephala and Robinia pseudoacacia were rated best. Steps to bring about further genetic improvement in these...
Muhammad Rafique
... experiment. Plants were irrigated with aqueous
extract o thoroughly chopped fresh leaves, dry leaves,
fresh bark, dry bark, fruits and floral buds of
Eucalyptus camaldulensis whereas ordinary water was used
for control. Fertilizer was also applied to the wheat
crop. Effects of different parts of Eucalyptus
camaldulensis on germination percentage, number of
tillers per plant, hight of crop and yield of wheat crop
were studied which were s...
Mohammad Rafique and Mohammad Hafeez
...3 and Fiasalabad 85 were irrigated
with 5% solution of fresh leaves, dry leaves, fresh
bark, dry bark, whereas pure water was used for woodlot
soil treatment and control. Effects of 5% solution of
different parts of Eucaluptus camadulensis on the pH of
soil, germination percentage, number of tillers per
plant, height of crop and yield, (straw and grains) of
wheat crop were studied which were statistically
insignificant....
Sahibazada M. Hafeez
... and waterlogging in the irrigated plains of the province of Punjab and Sindh. These were the major food, fuelwood and timber producing areas in the plains. Pakistan has acute wood deficits and firewood is still the principal source of fuel for heating and cooking. There is an urgent need to reforest such areas and other waste lands with salt tolerant, fast-growing trees.
In order to identify salt tolerant tree species which could be grown in such ...
Fazli Subhan Khan
...d semi-arid (rainfed and irrigated) areas are
discussed in bio-economics terms. The result suggests
crop suplementarity with Prospois cineraria associated
with wheat and chick peas. However, the opportunity cost
of keeping trees of Acacia nilotica and Zizyphus
mauritiana are more than the value foregone for growing
wheat and chick peas. A strong biological and financial
competition exist between trees of Acacia and Zizyphu...
K. M. Siddiqui and Saliheen Khan
...hard land is nearly all
irrigated. Recently, Forestry Sector Master Plan
used satellite imagery to determine land use in this
area (FSMP, 1993). Its data are reproduced below.
Since, 4.7 million ha were not classified, so its
estimate of irrigated farmland (44,000 ha) is an
under estimate. A 1985 census estimated that
Gilgit alone, one of five districts in Northern
Areas, had 20,000 ha of farmlands (World Bank,
19...
Hakim Shah and Malik Illahi Bakhsh
...ees
of which 95% are in irrigated areas. The number of tree
per ha is 16.9 for all areas; 18.7 in irrigated and 6.2
in un-irrigated areas. Shisham (42%), Phulai (20%),
Kiker (11%) Bakain (7%) and Mango (6%) are the main
species in irrigated areas. Ber (31%) Phuli (20%), Kiker
(19%) and Shisham (7%) are the predominant species in
un-
Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...easily cultivated under
irrigated conditions at Peshawar and has good potential
for supplementing the farmer's income even on marginal
lands....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...of Japanese
mint in the irrigated areas is recommended to the
farmers for growing as specialized crop....
L. H. Jafri, M. Hafeez, Naeem Hussain and M. Rafiq
...watni
during 1986 under irrigated conditions to assess the
effect of tree windbreaks of Shisham and Simal on
the yield of wheat crop. The wheat was sampled in
1 m x 1 m sample plots along transect lines. The
results indicate loss of grain yield especially near
the tree row which could be minimized by
improved cultural practices and control of weeds.
...
Zahid Javid and R. F. Fisher
...y, low N assimilation....
Zahid Javid and R. F. Fisher
...y, low N assimilation....
Bahauddin Sirhindi
...4
million hectares are irrigated plantations, while the
rest of the 0.756 million ha. constitute mangrove
forests (0.288 million ha) and range lands (0.467
million ha), only about 30% of the total forest area
falls under productive category while the rest of
the area is of protective nature. Riverine and
irrigated forest plantations, the productive category
constitute about 2.3 percent of total land area of
the ...
Hakim Shah, Malik Illahi Bakhsh and Mohammad Amjad
...
which two-third are in irrigated areas. The average
number of trees per ha is 46 for all areas, 72 in
irrigated areas and 27 in un-irrigated areas. Poplar
(24%), bakain (18%), Shisham (15%), ailanthus (13%) and
mulberry (10%) are the pre-dominant species in irrigated
areas. Ber (23%) and ailanthus (14%) are the most
common trees in un-
K. M. Siddiqui
...lock
plantations in the irrigated plains on state as well
as on private farmlands through the country. The results
indicate that cost benefit ratio of the plantations
under the existing conditions depend upon the tree
species, demand and marketability of forest produce and intensity of management practices. Generally, tree
planting on the farmlands is financially favorable in
all localities irrespective of tree species planted on
them. On the other han...
Malik Muhammad Khan and David R. Betters
...ry....
Mian Muhammad Muslim
...oduced in and around the irrigated forest
plantation where mulberry was available in abundance to support the silkworm rearing
programme. Since then it made a slow but steady progress in Punjab. Presently,
sericulture is one of the major cottage industries in rural areas of the province. The
activity is mainly concentrated around irrigated forest plantations of Changa Manga,
Daphar, Chichawatni, Kamalia, Khanewal, Bh...
M. Iqbal Ahmad and I. A. Hafiz
... cm
to 170 cm height in irrigated forest plantations. The
best planting time for mulberry was 15th December to
31st January in Punjab and N.W.F.P....
Michael R. Dove
...o have some....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...started in Change Manga
irrigated plantation in February, 1976....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, Saliheen Khan and R. W. Hussain
...ailable from Kashmir and irrigated plantations of the Punjab. Presently, 250 manufacturing units are engaged in production of sports goods; 50 units working on large scale and the rest on small scale. The export earnings during 1984-85 was 350.0 million rupees. Data were collected from 35 units. The annual installed capacity of the surveyed units is 400, 291, 377 + 156 and 219 thousand pieces for hockey sticks, cricket bats, cricket bats + hockey sticks and al...
Raja Walayat Hussain and M. Afzal Cheema
...country specially in the irrigated plantations of the Punjab and Sind quite sometime back. The species adopted well to the prevalent climatic and edaphic conditions....
M. I. Sheikh
...elts. The farm is
canal irrigated. However, in case of canal closure the area can be irrigated through lift pumps....
Shams-ur-Rehman and Altaf Hussain
...pecies are discussed in
irrigated plantations of Pakistan.
...
M. I. Shiekh, A. Khaliq and M. Noor
...crop in 1984 grown under irrigated conditions. Wheat was
sampled in 1M2 plots along transect lines on the leeward
side. The results obtained indicate a net gain in grain
yield. There was also a loss of grain near the tree row
which could be minimized by improved cultural practices
and control of weeds. However, the economic gain from
the sale of wood obtained from windbreaks more than
compensated the loss.
...
M.I. Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
... planted in Changa Manga irrigated plantation. Assessment of the study after six years has indicated that growing space provided to the trees has a highly significant effect on diameter, and height growth. Spacings had also highly significant effect on volume production; highest volume under 1.8 x 1.8 m spacing and the least under 5.5 x 5.5 m....
M.I. Sheikh
...rowth of 15 clones under irrigated conditions was laid
out in Bhagat Reservoir plantation over an area of 2.5 ha in February, 1975. The area, an old
shisham and mulberry plantation was cleared off all the trees and 1 - year old plants of the
following 15 clones transported from Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar were planted at a
spacing of 4.5 x 4.5 m in 0.5 m deep pits.
...
M.I. Sheikh, Afzal Cheema and Raza-ul-Haq
M. I. Shiekh-Raza-ul-Haq
...he last
100 year or so, irrigated plantations are being raised
in Pakistan for fuel wood and timber. Except for Shisham
(Dalbergia sissoo), the quantity of water required by
different tree species for their survival and optimum
growth has not been known. A study was started in
Chichawatni plantation to ascertain the effect of three
deltas of water viz.3,4.5 and 6 feet in four
species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Bombax malabarica,
Morus alba
K.M. Siddiqui and Shamsur-Rehman Khan
M.I. Sheikh and Raza-ul-Haq
...r species planted in the irrigated plantations and riverain forests over a period of time. It can be regenerated from root suckers, from coppice and by planting root-shoot cuttings. For the last one hundred years the tree has been planted at a conventional spacing of 6 x 10 ft. To release the congestion and depending on the condition of the crop, first thinning is done in the 6th year, the second in the 12th, another in the 18th year if need be, and the final...
Mohammad Ayaz and K. M. Siddiqui
G. M. Khattak, Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Khaliq
...h about 33.5 million are irrigated, mostly by canals. Production forests cover barely 1.5% of the total land area. So the country is short of timber and fire-wood: Wood and wood products - mostly pulp and paper - worth 550 million rupees are imported every year on the average. And the scarcity of firewood forces the rural people to use anything combustible as fuel - animal dung, agricultural waste, leaves and twigs. And in towns, firewood prices are generally ...
G. M. Khattak and M. I. Sheikh
... 22-10-1979 the area was irrigated to prepare it for wheat sowing. On 5-11-1979 Pavan variety of wheat was sown in drills 45 cm apart between the lines of trees. The drill next to the line of trees was 80 cm away from it. Seed rate was 135 kg/ha. Urea was applied on 4-12-1979 at the rate of 230 kg/ha. Two irrigations of 10 cm depth each were given to the crop on 4-12-1979 and 14-4-1980. From sowing to harvesting on 2-5-1980, 240 mm rain was received....
Raja Walayat Hussain
...plots of the species in irrigated plantations of the Punjab, data were collected from 230 trees, ranging in diameter at breast height from 2 in. (5 cm) to 14 in. (36 cm). These trees were removed in thinnings. Data from about 1070 trees were made available by Genetics branch of Pakistan Forest Institute who felled some plots of this species last year. The latter group of data consisted of small sized trees. In order to get an adequate representative samp...
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
...ned from the state owned irrigated plantation of the Punjab. The entire supplies of willow come from the form lands of Peshawar district. Current export earnings from all sports goods are Rs.199 million; from wooden sports goods Rs.105 million. The export earnings have shown an upward trend during the last 25 years. The exports of hockey sticks are rising steadily, of tennis rackets, steady, of cricket bats, downward; of badminton rackets, insignificant. The i...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... bamboo off and on in irrigated plantations and a few rumanents can still be seen in the Daphar, Changa Manga and Chichawatni irrigated plantations....
Abdul Aleem
...t (including Lal Suhanra irrigated plantation and Lal Sunhanra lake) were declared as National Park in July 1972. On February 11, 1978, the number in the enclosure had increased to 22. Pneumonia, and snake bites appeared to be responsible for the slow increase....
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Munawar Sultana and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
... annual rain fall, canal irrigated) and Dungagali (moist temperature, 2500 m elevation, 1650 mm annual rain fall) to develop methods for growing , rhizomes were
collected in November from Murree and stored for one and two months at Peshawar in1:1 soil and sand mixture at one meter depth and planted after the storage period. Two months storage period gave significantly high (at 5%level) sprouting as compared to one month storage. Pla...
M. Bashir Chaudhry (Dr.), M. Alim Mian and M. Rafiq
...ng about three fourth of irrigated area in our country. The available evidence suggests that these ills have neither taken a heavy toll of good agricultural land nor are they a growing threat. Reconnaissance soil surveys covering the Indus plains have revealed that, country to the general belief; salinity and water logging are not a 'twin menace'. Most of the salt-affected soils were formed un ancient times, much before the recent rise in water table due to se...
G. M. Khattak and Abdul Aleem
... Peshawar and each plant irrigated with four gallons of water at planting. The rainfall during 1975 and 1976 was 439 and 554mm respectively (annual average 377mm). On 5-1-1977 the survival of E. camaldulensis was 97% against 52 for Z. mauritiana and 53 for C. siliqua. The mean height of E. camaldulensis was 5m and mean diameter 5cm....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...ests.
...
Abdul Khalique and A. R. Beg.
...xtensively planted under irrigated conditions in Pakistan (Khan, 1955). Presented here is the description of an ectomycorrhiza in this species which is adversely affected by soil salinity....
M. A. Tahir
...towards
suitability for irrigated plantation was assessed. The soils were classified according to the modified land capacity classification system of USDA (Ashraf et al, 1970). It was estimated that more than 70% area was first class land under irrigation; about 20% was second
class land under irrigation and about 10% was class three land under irrigation. From the survey it was concluded that about 90% of the area under plantation could be used for f...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Raja Walayat Hussain
...ecies were planted in an irrigated plantation to assess their rate of growth. Although the experiment was not statistically designed due to some unavoidable circumstances and requisite silvicultural requirements of the species were not met either, a definite trend in the rate of growth is indicated. Reasons for poor performance of some of the species which otherwise are quite promising have been discussed pointing to the fact that every species has certain bas...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...in well manured and well irrigated nurseries for a period of one and a half to two years before these are planted out.
...
M. Farooq and Jalal-ud-Din
Jalal-ud-Din and M. Farooq
... soils of the Lalsohanra irrigated plantation are of various kinds with different problems. Main kinds of soils and their problems have been identified and described. Some reclamation measures have been suggested. The soils are dominantly loamy and are homogenized. At places they are clayey and stratified. These soils occur in the valleys locally known as 'dhars'. About 50 per cent of the area is occupied by sand dunes having irregular relief. Salinity and sod...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ast growing species in irrigated forest plantations, extensive practice of agro-forestry and involvement of private enterprise in such projects of national importance has been recommended....
Ishtiaq Ahmad Qazi, Raja Walayat Hussain and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...ecies being grown in the irrigated plantations of the Punjab for over a century. The main object of raising these plantations was to produce fuelwood initially for railway engines and later for meeting fuel requirements of the big cities of the province. The object of management was, in due course of time, modified to include timber production also. At present almost all the plantations are being managed with this combined objective irrespective of the fact wh...
Mohammad Umar* and Gohar Ayub
...roccoli. Broccoli plants irrigated early in the morning resulted in early curd formation (66.8), maximum plant height (45.21cm), leaves plant-1 (15.84), leaf weight (11.00 g), primary curd weight (340.94 g), secondary curd weight (189.50 g), primary curd diameter (8.60), secondary curd diameter (7.56cm), curds plant-1 (8.73), yield (8.03 t ha-1) and survival (92.67 %) than rest of the treatments. As for as irrigation level is concerned, irrigation at 35 % rate...
Agus Subhan Prasetyo, Tutik Dalmiyatun, Siwi Gayatri, Kadhung Prayoga, Wulan Sumekar and Joko Mariyono*
...two years in technically irrigated lands in the peak season of shallot. The control group was selected based on the same seasons. Production function was employed to analyze the impact of the glebagan system. The results show that farmers growing shallots in the glebagan system gained many advantages. The production of shallot farming in the glebagan system was higher than that of its counterpart, and the system improved the productivity of the land. These fin...
Ihteram Ullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil2, Said Salman1, Nasir Mehmood3, Abdul Majid4, Syed Noor Muhammad Shah5 and Zahoor Ahmed6
...check cultivars grown in irrigated (normal) and rainfed (stress) conditions. All measured traits, except grain weight per seed, showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) amid environments. There was also substantial genetic variation among the wheat lines for all traits with significant genotype × environment interactions, particularly for spike production and grain yield. Compared to irrigated conditions, rainfed c...
Muhammad Shahid Hassan1, Nargis Naz2, Hassan Raza Javeed1*, Sabahat Zafar1, Laraib Kanwal1, Seerat Mariyum1, Areej Fatima1, Areeba Bashir1 and Muhammad Imran Atta3
Ngele Blessing Alfred, Agba Mary-Ibenreh Ogaboh*, Bassey Rosemary Anietie and Egeh Ajah Egwu
...in germination trays and irrigated with these solutions to assess the effects on germination, growth performance, oxidative stress enzyme activities, and chlorophyll content. The detergent concentrations did not significantly affect the germination and growth of maize. However, fresh and dry weights of the plants decreased significantly (P≤0.05) as detergent concentration increased, with fresh and dry weights at 0 g/l being 1.68g and 0.69g, respectively, an...
Featuring
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Pithecellobium dulce (PD) and Cassia senna alata (CA) Incorporated Food Packaging Films with Antioxidant Properties
Beenish Khanzada, Shagufta Jabeen, Asif Ali, Amna Fatimah, Ishfa Zahid, Esha Israr, Arifa Iqbal and Ashas Waheed
Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.37, Iss. 3, Pages 338-344
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