Varadaraja V. Raman
...ority on the minority in communities and nations: for example, Jews in Nazi Germany, Kurds in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, and Blacks in South Africa. In recent years a new kind of terrorism has been emerging in which individuals or groups attack and murder innocent civilians in another country....
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...rom 195 farmers in rural communities across the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analysed using descriptive statistics, Likert scale and the regression analysis. The study revealed that farmers perceived the level of accountability of extension to farmers in the study area as poor. Level of education, access to training and membership of farmer-groups negatively influenced ac...
Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3
...h on nonbelievers, their communities, and the atheist movement in general by dividing nonbelievers (N=1,939) into four groups based on degree of formal affiliation and assessing attitudes, perceptions, and preferences in three areas. First, we examined the preferences of nonbelieving group members (“secular affiliates”), former members, and nonbelieving non-members (“secular nonaffiliates”) on nonbeliever group goals, functions, and ac...
Rabbi Paul Shrell-Fox
...mfortable functioning in communities, school settings and informal educational roles. We therefore may expect little existential angst; this was found to be only partially true. Some have found other expressions of their talents, while others anxiously await the opportunity to find alternate means of financial support. Specific issues of Jewish dietary practice, Sabbath observance and daily prayer are addressed, as well as an exploration of the rabbis’ c...
Amanda Schutz
...and heartache, and build communities—basically, how they carry on without supernatural guidance....
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...fluential in many Muslim communities. This is despite these leaders having had less influence about 50 years ago, due to the encroaching of modernity backed by science. Science not only contests religious leaders’ worldview, but it also offers a credible alternative. However, beginning in the 1970s, thanks to Saudi Arabia’s backing, religious leaders began growing in power due to the popularization of a self-serving theme that sharia is all-encompa...
Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
...f nutrients. Zooplankton communities were more correlated to phytoplankton community biomass than environmental factors. Results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that water temperature, Secchi disk depth (SD), total phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass were the most significant factors that influenced zooplankton. Strong correlations between SD and Brachionus leydigi, Chrysophyta and Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, Cryptophyta and Theopilium...
Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2
...capabilities of pastoral communities to keep large herds containing more livestock for their livelihood dependency. It is concluded that unsustainable crops expansion has triggered pastures resource degradation and is threating the traditional pastoral system in HKH region. Integrated and collaborative approaches are needed for pasture resources management with efficient and sustainable livestock production in Northern Pakistan....
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...n different occupational communities the present study is of particular importance and interest. Such studies should continue time to time to know the hazardous of potentially important pathogenic parasitic infections particularly in remote parts of the world.
...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4
...t-align: justify;">Rural communities depend upon cotton as cash crop for their livelihood. Agro-based industries are depending upon its yield. Our per acre cotton yield is still far behind than the developed countries. Integrated pest management project was launched in Punjab and run by agriculture extension department. Farmer Field Schools were formed at each village level. Present study was designed to evaluate the role of integrated pest management for cott...
Farhat Ullah Khan, Nowshad Khan and Zaibunnisa Abdullah*
Corresponding author: farhatkhan7@gmail.com (This is part of Ph.D. work of senior author)
IMPACT OFKINNOW (MANDARIN) YIELD LOSSES ON SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF THE FARMING COMMUNITY IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ive economic benefits to communities of study area. The immediate benefit of this study will go to kinnow growers of Tehsil Sargodha and ultimately the economic growth of the country will be increased in future by improving the cultural practices and adopting modern post harvest technologies of kinnow throughout Pakistan....
Dilawar Khan*, Abid Saeed*, Junaid Ahmad*, Imtiaz Qamar**, Fazal Yazdan**, Saleem ud Din** and Muhammad Tariq**
ASSESSMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN DHRABI WATERSHED AND CHAKWAL REGION IN PAKISTAN
...udy area. The five plant communities recognized in the Dhrabi watershed on the basis of importance value (IV) by using line transect sampling method. On the basis of top three highest IV plant community were identified at western side of the Kallar Kahar Lake while plant community was observed in eastern side by using 1x1 m quadrat method....
Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**
AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...ral services for farming communities who are otherwise deprived of extension services due to large number of farmers and their huge spread throughout the country....
Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********
SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...nts of subtropical rural communities in the province of Punjab during January-March, 2015. Total 59665 sera samples from apparently healthy animals were collected and screened by Rose Bengal Plate test and confirmed by Complement fixation test, respectively. After adjustment for test sensitivities and specificities accordingly, and chi square analysis of results, the true prevalence per 1000 animals in buffaloes was (7.86%), significantly (P<0.01) higher th...
Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz***
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...wa (KPK) to lead farming communities towards sustainable agriculture by putting emphasis on the delivery of demand-based services through their active involvement. This improved situation regarding availability of agricultural inputs and good decision making may result in active participation by farmers in farm related activities. The present paper focuses on farmers' participation in various activities of MFSCs as influenced by their socio-economic characteri...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...abundance of macrofaunal communities. Highest indices of macroinvertebrate diversity, richness and evenness were exhibited by Lychee (2.39, 12.00 and 1.00, respectively) among cultivated and grassland (2.44, 13.00 and 0.95, respectively) among natural land-use types. Rice-wheat crops and barren lands exhibited minimum values. Ants (Formicidae) (10-40%), beetles (Carabidae and Staphylinidae) (14-28%), spiders (Araneae) (5-18%) and earthworms (Lumbricidae) (2-20...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
... were collected from two communities. Light and teasing methods were used for recovery of parasites from the snails. A total of 618 snails belonging to 7 species (Achatina achatina, A. belteata, A. degneri, Limicolaria aurora, L. flammea, Lamellaxis gracilis and Orthalicus sp.) were collected. A. achatina was the most abundant species (35.6%) while A. degneri was the least (1.3%). Overall, 388 snails (62.8%) were infected. A. ach...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...r the inventory of avian communities. Therefore, a long-term database on exhaustive and intensive study of the North East Thailand is required.
...
Huma Ayub1,Iftikhar Ahmad2, Syed Lal Shah3,*, Muhammad Zafarullah Bhatti4, Nuzhat Shafi5 and Mazhar Qayyum1
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman4
... fragile groups of rural communities. This study examined socio-economic factors of rural life which contribute in economic prosperity. A list of union councils and villages in tehsil Sargodha was obtained from local district office of the Population Welfare Department. All rural families live in tehsil Sargodha served as population in the study. Tehsil Sargodha was selected purposively. Of the 62 rural union councils, four were selected purposively and from e...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...nd the latter develop in communities with longstanding exposure to the phenomenon. A new analysis of a 2013 Pew Research Center report suggests that sharia’s popularity in a community can make religious leaders and their radical ideas highly influential, while in communities where sharia has little influence, religious leaders and their radical ideas likewise lack influence. This article suggests the following primary ...
Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
... larvae and bacteria communities in the rearing tanks. The survival of P. monodon in the 36 h experimental period was not significantly affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were significantly lower than UV treatment and untre...
Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Irshad Abbasi2, Himayatullah Khan1, Arjumand Nizami3, Abdul Hakeem4, Jawad Ali3 and Muhammad Jamal Khan1
...is distributed among the communities according to historically agreed distribution patterns. Water availability vary from season to season. The objective of the instant study was to assess the glaciers/snow water dependence of agriculture activities which have implications for livelihood of the communities. The data collection including flow discharge measurement out of the watershed was regularly measured during September 2...
Catherine J. Allen
...socio-culturally diverse communities of the Andean region? I begin by focusing on inhabitants of Sonqo, a rural Quechua-speaking community in the highlands of southern Peru, where I have carried out research since 1975. I explore notions of well-being through vocabulary drawn from Southern Peruvian Quechua, including allin kawsay (well-being), pacha (world), ayllu (community), ayni (reciprocity), uyway (nurturance),...
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2*
... increased resilience of communities living in disaster prone areas. This study relies on the data collected using the Community-based Risk Screening Tool – Adaptation and Livelihoods (Cristal) to map major risks and vulnerabilities along with coping strategies then ascertaining their relationship with community-based livelihoods assets. According to results, there are three frequent disaster risks in the study area which comprise avalanches, landslides ...
Hafiz Umar Farid1, Muhammad Zubair2, Zahid Mahmood Khan1, Aamir Shakoor1*, Behzad Mustafa1, Aftab Ahmad Khan3, Muhamad Naveed Anjum4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Mubeen6
...ptability by the farming communities, despite their proven benefits. It was highly desirable to analyze and evaluate certain parameters which keep systems functional as well as ensure adoptability of these systems at farmer’s fields. A total of 30 sites were selected randomly in Punjab province of Pakistan where HEIS were installed. Twelve parameters were selected based on the survey conducted that influenced the HEIS functionality as well as adoptabilit...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
... these edaphic arthropod communities can provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality. The present study was aimed to evaluate the population abundance and diversity of edaphic arthropod groups in different land-use types and categories in different localities of District Sargodha (Punjab, Pakistan). Moreover, the quality status of soils under these land-use types or categories was also determined by working out the soil biological ...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...venues for poor mountain communities, which in turn protects the entire population and associated ecosystem from illegal massive hunting. The present study successfully tested CMR method, and produced reliable and accurate estimate of the population, which could help in determining sustainable trophy quota.
...
Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed3
...e distant regions. Local communities may be involved and private sector should also be invited by foundation of mutual social conscientiousness to improve education related infrastructure. ...
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...ihai and Shatian seabird communities had similar fixed kernel home range. Seabirds’ distribution largely overlapped with various vessels’ concentrated area, possibly due to abundant local fishery resources and forging behavior of seabirds. The MaxEnt model with the area under receiver operating curve (AUC) value of 0.957 for training data and 0.935 for test data showed reliable and accurate prediction. The distance to coast (64.7% contribution) and...
Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...hnologies to the farming communities and motivating them for its adoption can be achieved through better use of communication among relevant stakeholders. The existing extension and communication strategies used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have many limitations. The present study was thus conducted to compare and analyze the farmers’ perceptions regarding use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in agriculture extension at three selecte...
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
...ess empowers the farming communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms . In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced therefore, their climate change adaptations are also far better than those employed by farmers in the developing countries like Pakistan. The climate change awareness obviously determines the nature, qualit...
Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2
Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
...rom 120 farmers in rural communities across the two local governments in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The study revealed that farmers perceived the quality of transportation system causes a reduction in their income. Gender (χ2=6.472) and marital status (χ2=9.745) ...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
...nal plants used by local communities for the treatment of animals and document the threatened herbal knowledge from the elder formers (R1, R2 and R4) this study labels the ethno veterinary practices in different villages of District Shangla, where the documentation process is carried out through semi-structured questionnaires in 2017 (R1) where about seventy plant species belonging to different families of spermatophytes have been collected, among which forty-...
Muhammad Luqman1*, Roshan Hussain1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Ijaz Asghar2 and Usman Saleem1
Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake Patterns of Rural and Urban Communities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
...s according to different communities in the southern Punjab, Pakistan. Southern Punjab has the most impoverished segments of society as compared to other parts of Punjab province. This transverse study was conducted in purposively selected three districts of Southern Punjab. Exactly sample size of 600 respondents (300 rural respondents and 300 urban respondents) was randomly selected through equal distribution technique and interviewed by using structured inte...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
...now associated bacterial communities perform a crucial role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are considered as key components in global carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to screen marine snow associated bacterium, Citrobacter freundii B1 for the production of QS-signals particularly acyl-homoserine-lactones (AHLs)...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
...mposition analyses, bird communities were significantly different across all the three sites (ANOSIM), with 10 species explaining 16.5% to 17.2% of these community dissimilarities (SIMPER). Of these key contributing species, the relative abundance of seven species was significantly different across sites. This study documents spatio-temporal patterns in the avifauna of DVNP, providing a basis for ongoing monitoring in the DVNP, and further studies focusing on ...
Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1
...ferred by fish and coral communities for their proper growth. Fish accumulation appeared to be link with coral cover, diversity and growth forms. Low diversity at Astola Island was mainly due to habitat destruction caused by increasing anthropogenic activities (coral mining, careless SCUBA and skin diving, entangling of corals by fishing nets and mechanical damage by deployment of lobster pots). Conservation efforts should focus on the establishment of effecti...
Suwati Suwati1, ErniRomansyah1,*, Syarifudin Syarifudin1, Yahya Jani2, Agus Heri Purnomo3,
Damat Damat4 and Erkata Yandri5,6
...g the welfare of coastal communities. As a source of nutrition, seaweed consists of carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber and ash, vitamin, and beta-carotene. Right drying methods are needed to preserve the quality of dried seaweed. This study aims to compare the trend of weight reduction in seaweed during drying by natural and cabinet methods. The methods were used experimentally in the field and laboratory. And the data were analyzed using simple linear regressi...
Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar
...) on livelihood of local communities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Purposively three forest divisions had been selected namely Swat, Kalam and Siran of Malakand and Hazara forest regions. The study based on cross sectional data. Data were collected from 321 randomly selected households in three JFM (experimental group) and nearby three non-JFM (control group) villages, located in the same forest-ecological and socio-economic settings. The study analyzed the...
Arshad Ali1, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak2*, Muhammad Ali Nawaz3 and Shoaib Hameed3
...ild carnivores and local communities. Human costs are mostly in the form of economic loss to property and infrastructure, damage to crops, and depredation on livestock. In northern Pakistan where large carnivores like common leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetinus), Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus)), grey wolf (Canis lupus), and lynx (Lynx lynx) ofte...
Hadeer M. Mossa, Ausama A. Yousif, Emad A. Aboelsoud, Mahmoud El Gamal, Ahmed El-
Sanousi
...enetic content of entire communities of organisms in the
given harvest.
Results: In this study a 3rd generation sequencing (TGS) was applied using a Nanopore technology
(MinION) based on identification of DNA bases by measuring the changes in electrical conductivity
generated as DNA strands pass through a biological pore (nanopore). Its portability, affordability, and
speed in data production makes it...
Nusrat Habib
...hange are high among the communities living in mountainous regions due to Pakistan’s limited livelihood opportunities. Climate change impact is gendered in the real sense. This study is designed to analyze women’s livelihood situation in mountainous regions in the face of climate change with a qualitative methodology. Focus group discussions, participatory observations, and key informant interviews were used in collecting women’s perspectives...
Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi1* and Babak Moghaddasi2
...tent. Other macro faunal communities positively increased in their abundance where the sediment particles size show increasing trend.
...
Wanqiu Zhao1,2, Taoyan Yuan1, Li Chen2, Xue Du2, Weihu Chen4, Yan Fu1, Dong Niu3,* and Lizhi Lu2,*
...the intestinal microbial communities in Zhedong White geese (a local breed in China) at different reproductive stages and to investigate the relationships between intestinal microflora and geese reproductive states. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing of geese duodenum content samples at three different stages (laying, broody, and recovery stage). Taxonomic analysis revealed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the three most abundant phyla in...
Jun-Dong Tian1,2, Wei-Jie Guo1,2, Han Yan1, Jie Zhang1, Shu-Liao Tian3 and Ji-Qi Lu1,2,*
... to assess the microbial communities. The results showed i) the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetace accounting for over 86 % of the richness of whole microbiota, ii) Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Spirochaetaceae were together taken over 60% at family level, iii) Prevotella was the dominant genus, iv) the community richness at OTU and family levels and both community evenness and communi...
Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1
..., UK. Samples of benthic communities from eight different stations were collected from the bed of ponds and canals with a pond net. The sites were varying in their qualities as determined in the laboratory by Average Score Per Texon (ASPT) as well as water conductivity. For most sites the body mass distributions were skewed towards smaller body sizes with another apparent mode for large size class. Contrary Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) for body mass spectra ...
Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1
...echnology to the farming communities to achieve the benefits of increased production, decrease in fertilizer usage and number of irrigations and to minimize environmental and health hazards....
Zahid Beg Mirza1,*, Naveed Ali Soomro2 and Farwah Shariff1
... and interviews of local communities. Field Guide to the Birds of Pakistan, by the senior author and other related literature, as well as the use of a high resolution camera helped in the identification of the species. During the surveys, information on the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, that is diclofenac and other drugs known to be harmful to vultures, were gathered through interviews. This paper suggests that the vultures and other raptors in t...
Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*, Roheela Yasmeen*, Fouzia Yasmeen, Nabeela Nayab, Uzma Rafi
...n potential of microbial communities which are associated with earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) towards adherence and exopolysaccharides productions. Both productions are important parameters of plant growth promoting bacteria. Earthworms, along with soil sample, were collected from different areas of Lahore. Bacteria were isolated, purified and further characterized morphologically, biochemically and at molecular level. Bacteria after isolation were labelled...
Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2
...at heterogeneity on bird communities. We conducted the study to explore the local avian fauna and to compare its composition and diversity in different habitats. Bird species were identified employing point counts method in urban area; agricultural area with small forest chunk and water body. Twenty four point counts were plotted in three well-defined locations such that each location was divided into eight concentric rings of 10 m radius from 0-50 m with an o...
Sadaf Shahid1, Abdul Razzaq2, Gul-Makai1, Asim Shamim3*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan4, Rana Hamid Ali Nisar5, Qaiser Akram6, Mohsin Nawaz3
...d of poor farmer’s communities. Ectoparasites are one of the greatest dangers to livestock and among ectoparasites, ticks are the most common one. The current study was completed in district Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan to determine the tick infestation in different breeds of goat and sheep. A total of 840 animals were investigated during the winter and summer seasons to determine ticks prevalence. The overall prevalence of tick infestation in the sheep...
Mukhlisi Mukhlisi1,*, Tri Sayektiningsih2 and Ishak Yassir1
...pied. We identified bird communities in the karst forests of Teluk Sumbang, East Kalimantan. Bird sampling was done in hill karst forests and coastal karst forests. We employed a point count method by following transects. Observers walked constantly along transect and stopped every distance of ±200 m to record all sighted birds for 10-15 min. We found 89 bird species: 67 bird species were identified in hill karst forest and 33 bird species were recorded...
Ndumiso Malusi1, Andrew Bamidele Falowo2, Yiseyon Sunday Hosu3,4, Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro3,4*
...rming practices in rural communities with the view of utilizing locally adapted cattle breeds to boost cattle production.
Keywords | Cattle farming, Local farmers, Prevailing challenges, Production initiatives, Commercialization
...
Houria Bouazzara1,2,*, Rachid Chaibi 1,2, Farouk Benaceur 1,2,3, Amira Nouioua4 and Laura Bruno 5
...to 1.45. The zooplankton communities were observed to be abundant in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter. Rotifers were found to be dominant followed by copepods, cladocerans and nematods for the entire research duration. CCA analysis indicates that WT, pH, NH4+, NO3-, PO42- and conductivity were responsible for most differences in zooplankton organisms. Finally, we concluded that all sampling area were oligosabrobic indicating the good environment...
Zulu Blantina Fangele, Tyasi Thobela Louis, Gunya Busisiwe*
... those from marginalised communities. Although these chickens are associated with poor productivity in terms of the number of eggs laid, most consumers prefer their flavoursome meat. Despite that, there has been a research gap in the genetic, physiological, and nutritional aspects of indigenous chickens of Africa over the past decade. The use of citric acid has higher economic potential owing to its numerous applications to chickens. This article critically re...
Jan Clyden B. Tenorio
...terinarians seek to keep communities safe and healthy by promoting human and environmental health through preserving animal health. As a panopticon to view the achievement of vital global health outcomes, One Health is truly a collaborative affair. The paradigm, by definition, is multidisciplinary, multi-sectoral, and integrative in nature. Thus, effective collaborations and partnerships towards understanding are integral to successful programs. Moreover, how ...
Abid Hussain1*, Saifullah Khan2, Shamas Liaqat3 and Shafiullah4
...through supporting rural communities in use of light to medium type of machinery, adoption of innovative technologies to harvest and use water, use of recommended agricultural production technologies, and through development of related infrastructure. It would require strenuous medium to long term efforts and substantial investments. Similarly, forest land with wood and non-wood products and grazing pastures along with farming and toursims realted
...
Ibrarul-Haq* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...rom several forest based communities across the globe suggests that NTFP’s collection contribute significantly to household’s income. A total of 410 households were randomly selected for data collection from upper two tehsils of the district Swat. Data were collected from the selected sample households using simple random sampling technique with the help of well-structured and self-administered questionnaires. The study has employed multiple regres...
Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Felicia N. Ekeh, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Hope C. Ezinwa and Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie*
...ission rates in abattoir communities. Here we randomly selected three (Orba, Ikpa, and Obollo-afor) abattoirs in Enugu senatorial zone and surveyed for insect fauna abundance, diversity, and distribution. The sampling was carried out over a period of eight weeks, using sweep net and hand picking as the collection methods. Overall 12 species were recorded, Orba had the lowest species diversity with 7 species while Obollo-afor and Ikpa recorded 10 and 9 species ...
Asim Zubair1*, Iffat Batool2 and Ghulam Akbar Malik3
Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali
...d through field surveys, communities meeting, and data from 250 questionnaires during April 2020 and March 2021. Based on analysis of threats data, conservation management strategies are recommended. The diet analysis showed that mostly the kalij consumes plant matter as the major diet. We recovered 45 plant species in major, minor, and trace forms which consisted of seeds, leaves, flowers, fruits, rhizomes, and bulbs. Invertebrates including ants, insects, la...
Zaidi Zona, Zulfiqar Ali*, Rida Ahmad and Irfan Zainab
...ss and integrity of fish communities, it is recommended that instream flow evaluations to include target species that occupy flow-sensitive habitat categories....
Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh
...g the private sector and communities, as well as improving extension services’ capacity to educate farmers....
Shandana* and Ayesha Khan
...f ICTs among the farming communities. Department of agriculture extension needs to establish an ICT based program so that innovative agricultural information might be communicated to the farming community....
Seasonal Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Birds in Agricultural Landscapes of Gujrat, Pakistan
Muhammad Umar1*, Mubashar Hussain1 and David C. Lee2
... similarities. The avian communities reported from these semi-arid croplands indicate agriculture landscapes provide habitat for both summer visitors and winter visitors. Overall, agroforestry systems support higher richness and diversity than more open, cropland systems....
Asim Zubair1*, Zohaib Atta Mehdie2, Iffat Batool3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Ayesha Aziz5
...elihoods of Agricultural communities in Pakistan. It has also become the reason of rising temperature and lot of other problems in agriculture sector like food production, quality, and quantity of food is decreasing. Rising temperature effecting yields a lot in sense of production. The worst and biggest effect of climate change is flood. Around 3.4 million hector area of agriculture damaged by flood during 2010 and2011 and now in 2022 same as previously 9.1 mi...
SAEED AHMED*1, ZIA-UR-RAHMAN1, SALMA KHALID2, TARIQ KHAN1, ARSHAD IQBAL3
& ZAMARUD SHAH4
...n storage tank) in rural communities of the Oghi; a total of 175 water samples were collected from the study area with 35 samples from each source. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contamination by pour plate method, membrane filtration technique and MacConkey agar for the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. Different identification tests have been carried out by using various selective and differential media (MacConkey agar, Eosine & Methylene Blu...
SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2
... those who live in rural communities having low socioeconomic status. This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children of rural communities of Punjab from January 2016 to July 2016. The children were selected from Services hospital, Lahore and District hospital Sharqpur, Dist. Sheikhupura. A total of 500 samples of children were collected. Questionnaire was designed to collect infor...
Siti Azizah1*, Salsa I Latifah1, Irfan H Djunaidi1, Anif M Wati1, Achadiah Rachmawati1, Siti Hamidah2
...sion in forest-dependent communities that highlight women’s productivity and the contribution of women’s income to beef cattle farmers in Karangtekok, Baluran National Park, Situbondo, East Java. The scope of this research is limited to women registered as residents of Karangtekok and involved in the management or raising activities of beef cattle with the adegen scheme. Karangtekok Hamlet, Situbondo, Indonesia, was deliberately chosen as...
Peng Xu1, Yankuo Li2*, Shusong Zhang1 and Bin Liu3
...ant components of animal communities in forest ecosystems. This study investigated rodent species diversity in Jiangxi Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve of China in 2014-2015. Rodents were trapped at nine selected sampling sites varying in altitude for evaluating their diversity. Consequently, 16 rodent species belonging to eight families were recorded. Out of 376 individuals of rodent species trapped (capture rate = 4.7%), Apodemus agrarius, Eothenomys me...
Ikram Ullah1, Zaib Ullah2*, Junaid Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Zafar Iqbal3 and Naveed Akhtar2
...ced deep injuries. Local communities faced annually Rs.167,922 (US$ 1085.47) agriculture loss and Rs. 1,620,000 (US$ 10,731.19) livestock loss during 2015-19. Generally, local inhabitants expressed negative attitudes (48%), and they were in favor of eliminating bears due to frequent conflict incidents. Although good husbandry is the most effective measure of preventing black bear damage, compensation of loss and community involvement in conservation programs w...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2*, Li Bo1, Faiz ur Rehman3, Gul Saba2, Omama Saqib1, Saif Ullah2 and Muhammad Suliman1
... affecting largely local communities that nearer to forests. Therefore, the two villages of District Dir lower (village Takoro and village Koherai Malakand), the part of great Himalayas has been selected to highlight the conflict between Himalayan palm civet (Paguma larvata) and local community during January 2018 to end of November 2020. During current studies it was found that the problem mainly arises due to civets foraging habits, who damages and feed huma...
Gang Liu*, Na Xu, Zhizhong Gong and Jiahui Feng
... affecting gut microbial communities and affects the host gut microbiota composition and function. We investigated the gut fungal communities of Anser erythropus wintering at either Shengjin Lake or Caizi Lake, China, using high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer gene region. We retained 1,302,562 valid tags corresponding to 2,102 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 20 fecal samples (ten per lake). ...
Sumaira Kousar* and Safdar Ali Shirazi
...egrity and safeguard the communities reliant on these resources. The amalgamation of GIS with the RUSLE model is indispensable in grappling with soil erosion’s complex tapestry. This synergy empowers soil conservation agencies to channel resources toward high-vulnerability regions, sculpting a landscape of proactive land preservation. As the study concludes, the imperative for future research echoes louder, beckoning to decipher the intricate web of cont...
Guo-Hai Wang1, Ji-Feng Long2, Li-Juan Wei3, Zhi Qin2, Wei Yao4, Chuang-Bin-Tang1* and Qi-Hai Zhou4*
...xistence of such species communities. However, there is no clarity on whether the activity patterns of the sympatric species red-bellied squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus) and Northern tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) overlap; knowledge on the coexistence mechanism of these animals in the karst habitat is also minimal. Herein, we used camera traps to collect photos and research the activity patterns by using kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap ...
Wen Xiong1*, Shengao Chen2, Dong Xie3, Qiang Wang4, Yanxia Li5, Lei Pan6, Xiaolei Ren7*, Wei Tang8*, Kang Chen9 and Ross N. Cuthbert10
...ng to current ecological communities to quantify future change and identify habitats to protect. The Qiantang River is the largest river in the Zhejiang Province, located in the southeast of China, with extensive fishery and aquaculture sectors. However, synthetic information on freshwater fish biodiversity and invasions in this region is lacking, impeding conservation efforts. We compile published information and empirical surveys to comprehensively discern t...
Muhammad Altaf1*, Arshad Javid2, Abdul Majid Khan3, Sadia Nazer4, Irfan5, Khalid Javed Iqbal6, Muhammad Sultan Haider7 and Sana Ashraf7
...s and meeting with local communities). The habitat preferences of large, medium and small mammals varied significantly. A decrease in mammalian diversity was observed from forest habitat to urban landscapes. Indian wild boar, Asiatic jackal, Indian fox, jungle cat, Indian pangolin and long-eared desert hedgehog preferred forested areas as well as slightly modified habitats while northern palm squirrel, house mouse, house shrew and rat species preferred human h...
MALIK ASIF HUSSAIN
...row in form of microbial communities, which
help them to grow and survive better. Resistance to antibiotics is usually
linked and described as a reason for better survival of microbes in
biofilms. In fact, it is not resistance to antibiotics in majority of cases;
rather it is ―tolerance‖ of these biofilm communities against antimicrobials.
The layers of biofilm ...
SHEHLA AKBAR*, SAIQA ISHTIAQ*, KHALID HUSSAIN, ANS MUNIR & SAIRA REHMAN
...the
marginal communities. Primary and secondary metabolites of Misopates
orontium (L.) belongs to Plantaginaceae family were screened out and
tested for therapeutic values through in-vitro biological assays.
Quantitative analysis was done on powder of Misopates orontium by
using standard methods for estimating the primary and secondary
metabolites. The maximum value of total carbohydrates ...
Jinwen Liu, Hong Li, Jinhua Zhang, Jianping Li and Xiujuan Yan*
...;">Plant and soil animal communities interact through plant-associated processes. How the interactions between the aboveground and belowground herbivores communities affect plant development remains unclear? In this study, Holotrichia diomphalia Bates, the belowground herbivore grub that feed on the roots, and Rhopalosiphum maidis, the aboveground herbivore aphid that feed on the leaf were chosen as research objects. Four gr...
Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3
...he rhizosphere bacterial communities were more influenced by growth stages of rice than chemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the similarity of samples at four growth stages was significantly low (P <0.05). The dominant taxa phyla for bacterial community were similar in different growth stages. The LefSe analysis indicated that 32 distinctly taxa that were abundant among four stages with a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score ...
Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3
...anges of microeukaryotic communities in local sediments influenced by sea-crossing bridge construction. Relatively low levels of alpha diversity and high levels of beta diversity were observed in samples influenced by bridge construction (group EG). The decreased abundance of Chloroplastida and increased abundance of Animalia in group EG suggested that engineering activities induced environmental disturbance, which impaired the ecosystem balance. LEfSe and SIM...
Mubashar Hussain*, Habiba Razaq, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Kiran Aftab, Jaweria Riaz and Somia Liaqat
...study, the ground beetle communities from three subdivisions of district Mandi Bahauddin (Phalia, Malakwal and Mandi Bahauddin) were sampled by handpicking and placing pitfall traps from August 2020 to July 2021. A total of 4008 specimens were collected which belonged to 18 species, 11 genera, nine tribes, and five subfamilies. Data were analyzed with Similarities Percentage (SIMPER) analysis and diversity indices were compared among those three croplands. We ...
Zurmiati1*, Ade Trisna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli1, Yelsi Listiana Dewi3, Ulvi Fitri Handayani4, Wizna1
...opportunities to village communities to earn income. However, the high feed conversion of duck is an obstacle in the intensive development of duck farming because 70% of poultry production costs come from feed costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 administration as a probiotic on growing male Bayang duck performance. A randomized design was used in this study. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059 was...
Taleeha Roheen1, Shagufta Kamal1*, Shazia Anwer Bukhari1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Saima Rehman2
...two functional microbial communities; methanogenic archaea and soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) producing methanotrophic bacteria from rice paddy soil of different regions of Punjab, Pakistan were studied using phylogenetic analysis. Morphological and biochemical analysis showing the presence of different species of novel methanogenic archaea and sMMO-producing methanotrophic bacteria in rice paddy soil samples. The evolutionary analysis indicated a phylog...
Effects of Flight Disturbance on Bird Communities at Airports: Predatory Birds Rise to the Challenge
Jiaojiao Wang, Wei Liu, Qingqian Lin and Jianhua Hou*
...turbance on airport bird communities, the composition and diversity of airport bird communities on flight and non-flight days were investigated using a line transect sampling method at the eastern airport of Hebei Province from June to August, 2019. In total, 36 species belonging to 11 orders and 22 families of birds were recorded. Disturbances such as noise from aircraft flights affected the number of species and the indivi...
Phoebe Lyndia Tolentino Llantada1,2*, Midori Umekawa2, Shuichi Karita2
...and studies on bacterial communities across the GIT are very limited. Most researches only focus on the rumen or the hindgut. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the bacterial microbiota in three gut regions (foregut: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum; midgut: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and hindgut: cecum, colon, rectum) of two riverine type buffaloes using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) method to profile the bacterial commu...
ARIFA ZEREEN & ALMAS JAHAN
...ffected indigenous plant communities. This has caused destruction of local vegetation growing there and exposed land for colonization of invasive and exotic plant species. Besides this many exotic species have been planted as ornamental plants at the green belts. With the passage of time the exotic plant species also called Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is going to be a serious threat to local ecosystems. This research work was planned to determine the harmful ...
ATEEQUE RAHMAN KHOOHARO* & PIRZADA JAMALUDDIN A. SIDDIQUI
...iversity of invertebrate communities on a rocky intertidal shore at Tak Bay, Ormara along the Balochistan coast of Pakistan. Quadrat techniques were used to establish abundance of species. Overall, 49 species of invertebrates were recorded. Two of these species were annelids, 35 molluscs (Polyplacophora 1, gastropods 30, bivalves 4), 9 arthropods (cirripediae 2, malacostraca 7) & 3 echinoderms (stelleroids 3). The Highest diversity was found during the mid...
Floral and edaphic data recorded from Sahiwal District, Pakistan analyzed by multivariate techniques
*ARIFA ZEREEN1, ALMAS JAHAN1,SHEIKH SAEED AHMAD2 & ZAHEER-UD-DIN KHAN3
...study zone into two main communities that had been again separated into smaller i.e., sub communities. Canonical correspondence analysis recognized the relation of vegetation assembly to underlying environmental factors. This correlation was studied by CANOCO analysis. In the Canonical correspondence analysis of species for Sahiwal, it was found that environmental variables, i.e. water content, soil EC and water EC had clear...
UROOJ SAEED1, SAJID RASHID AHMAD2, HAMMAD GILANI3*, RAB NAWAZ4, NAEEM SHAHZAD5, IRFAN ASHRAF6 & WAQAS AHMED QAZI3
...elihood support to local communities; and hence the communities with NGOs and Government departments provided local support in plantation and protection of mangroves saplings. On the brighter side, in recent years Pakistan has taken enormous steps towards tree plantation under national (Green Pakistan Programme) and provincial (Billion Tree Tsunami in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) initiatives. Through this study, we have proposed a co...
Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash
...us diseases within local communities across various countries. They also constitute the raw ingredient for the pharmaceutical industry. This study was conducted during year 2020-2021 to gather the native indigenous knowledge about therapeutic uses of medicinal plants in Mandi Bahauddin, District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnomedicinal information was collected using surveys and personal interviews with local inhabitants, involving 30 males and 20 females acro...
Farrukh Hussain1, Sajid Aziz1, Gul Hassan2, Khalid Aziz1 and Sapna Raisham1
...%).Three closely similar communities: Echinochloa-Salvia-Hypericum, Cynodon-Echinochloa-Eragrostis and Eragrostis-Echinochloa-Impatien swere established in the three sites. The Jaccord (82.14-90.01) and Motyka similarity (69.33- 76.40), IVCI and CMI (1.3-1.5) indices showed narrow differences among the communities and sites. Constancy value showed that 40 species were in class V and 14 species in class IV. Cynodon dactylon a...
Shabnam Javed1, Amna Shoaib2 and Zaid Mehmood1
...en orally by the trivial communities. In the
current study, different proximate parameters like carbohydrate, ash, protein, moisture
content and fat, along with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur were analyzed in whole
plant of S. tomentosa. The results revealed the occurrence of considerable proportion of
carbohydrates (52%) and protein (23.80%). Moisture, fat and ash contents were found in
small...
M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8
...es in highly susceptible communities, to effectively manage the spread of FMD during outbreaks. Additionally, selecting the appropriate timing and approach for conducting control efforts and preventative measures is beneficial in addressing future outbreaks of FMD and other recurring diseases.
Keywords | Foot and mouth disease, Geographic information system, Cloven-hoofed animals, Mapping, Disease outbreak
...
Rahmatullah Qureshi , Rabia Asma Memon
Inayat Ur Rahman,Iram Noreen,Zeeshan Ahmad,Shahab Ali,Hussan Ara,Ayesha Khan,Shujaul Mulk Khan
SYED ZAHIR SHAH,FIDA HUSSAIN,Zahid Hussain
Farrukh Hussain , Ali Murad , Mufakhirah Jan Durrani
Amalia M. Belgeri,Steve W. Adkins,Sheldon C. Navie
Saddam Rasham1*, Sohaib Ahmed1, Arz Muhammad Umrani1, Sidra Jamil2, Tariq Khan1, Shehr Yar Nasim3, Safi Ullah1, Haseeb Ahmad1 and Asfand Yar Nasim1
... make their homes in the communities that were looked at in this study. It makes no difference if the communities are situated in less developed areas or more developed ones; this is always the case. The expansion of tourism in both of these towns has led to an increase in the number of employment opportunities available and has helped to contribute to improvements in the physical infrastructure.
Keywords: Local Communi...
Keywords: Local Communi...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Lal Badshah2 and Sanam Zarif1
...h participation of local communities and NGOs to make the plant resources sustainable. There is a dire need to provide an alternate source of energy to overcome the burden on rangeland resources.
Key words: Spectrum, Rangeland, Life form, Leaf size, Ashkhel, Shekhmalkhel...
Key words: Spectrum, Rangeland, Life form, Leaf size, Ashkhel, Shekhmalkhel...
Socio economic impact of community plantation in Salarzai valley, Bajaur Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah
Kaleem Mehmood1, Sultan Muhammad2 and Altaf Hussain3
...ome opportunity of local communities by selling of wood like Eucalyptus specie which is cut after regular intervals. Some individuals are also benefiting from the sale of fuel wood and grasses along with opportunities of daily wage labor at the time of planting and other cultural activities. Community Plantations increase forest cover which in turn provides opportunity for wildlife conservation in the area due to habitat....
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
...oject on demand of local communities. The results reveal that the NGOs and media campaign is against the economy of the poor of the poor's of the society as well as wood based industry of Pakistan in general and that of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular.
The study recommends organization and reorganization of the local communities and their capacity building on marketing and value chain management of eucalyptus in o...
Mohsen Dehghani
...egion have led the local communities on the coastal areas to supply the livestock's fodder from mangrove leaves. Hence, the household incomes rely considerably on these habitats product, while economic evaluation of the harvested fodder reaches $124686 annually. Recognizing the importance of mangrove forests and their role, protection of this resource must be considered seriously.
Key words: Economic Value, Use Value, Coastal Ecosystems, Mangrove For...
Inam Ullah, Zahid Ahmad, Syed Hasnain Abbas and Kaleem Shah
... Paniala D. l. Khan; the communities do it with their own ways. Review of secondary information, meetings, and discussions; transect walks and market surveys were used to get the required results. The results revealed that Mazri Palm is growing on about 24000 hectares area on communal lands of Kohat, Hangu and Karak districts and the average annual production is 39376 mounds (40 kg per mound), while production in Paniala D. I. Khan for the year 2003 was estim...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...omic uplift of the rural communities. A random sampling procedure was adopted to select the five villages per division to collect the relevant data from 50 respondents, according to the pre tested structured questionnaire.
The average household size in the study area was 6 persons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% with religious education. The study revealed that 30% of the respondents have agriculture as a sole s...
Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Ayaz Khan
...s the edges, where local communities living around the park is probably cutting the forests. However, this degradation at edges, creating open areas which are preferred habitat of chinkara, has probably played a key role in escape of the chinkara from the park and establishing its population outside of the park, in the nearby open area.
Key words: Manglot, Nizampur, Chinkara, Pakistan, Wildlife, Khyber Paktunkhwa, land use change.
...
Rukhsana Kausar1, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2 and Mian Muhammad Shafiq3
...It is important to aware communities and public at large about conservation of natural resources by maintaining its forests and making ecotourism spots. In this study the recreational value of Ecotourism, was assessed by using the Individual Travel Cost Method. For this purpose the consumer surplus (in forest resorts) was calculated, that proved to be Rs.577 PKR (6.6 $) per visitor per visit and recreational value of an individual per visit is Rs.16496 PKR (18...
Islam Ullah Shah, Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Sultan Muhammad
... consultation with local communities. ...
Saif-ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi & Saeed Akbar
... of the associated rural communities especially in hilly areas where agricultural land is hardly available due to difficult terrain besides poor business and employment opportunities. Current study explores the social impacts of forests on the local communities of Margalla Hills in terms of services and goods, thereby reducing their expenditures. Results showed that respondents mostly depended on forest vegetation in shape o...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...tion especially to those communities totally dependable on forests and other non-renewable natural resources. Linum usitatisimum is a renowned medicinal herb of the world of herbaceous plants because of its multipurpose uses in different disease treatments. The study was conducted to elaborate the performance of morpho-anatomical characters of Linum usitatissimum to diverse habitat conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Five years cultivation data of ...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Ayaz Khan and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
...ns by involvement of the communities in the forestry activities joint management of the government and communal forest lands. Communities have realised that the development of forestry sector in Chitral is catalysed by extension agents. All the segments of the society expressed their interest in cooperation with the Forest Department for increasing tree cover in the area The objective of the current research is to assess the...
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
...to the priorities of the communities.
The present study was designed to monitor the effect of ban on timber harvesting through the JFM activities, compare the state and management of forests with post ban conditions, and study the impact of JFM on socio-economic conditions of local people. The analysis revealed that majority of the local people are supporting the JFM approach as well as THB as imposed by the Government but a fewer number of people ar...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Muhammad Muslim
...ion activities for rural communities. The area falls under scrub forests and subtropical Chir pine forests. Inhabitants are holding small land and cultivating maize and millet crops. In Mirpur district visited Jaricus, Subchack, Nagi playan, Khari-sharif and Chachian-Chohan (grave yard) near Khari-sharif. These areas were dominated by Prosopis juliflora, and scattered plants of Zizyphus mauritiana, Acacia nilotica, Capparis aphylla, Saccharum munja
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...e participation of local communities. This is a holistic approach, by now generally accepted as the best one and gaining popularity all over the world including Pakistan. The article addresses the same issue and emphasizes that participatory watershed management is the only solution for sustainable development of natural resources in degraded watersheds of Pakistan.
...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Hussain Bux Bhaagat
...d indirect (meeting with communities and wildlife staff) observation methods were used.
These lakes support a good population of waterfowls, Marsh crocodiles, otters and fish stock. About 1% of global population of globally threatened duck specie i.e. Marbled teal (Marmaronetta angustisvostris) breed in these lakes in May-July. According to the data Deh Akro II wildlife sanctuary provides good wintering ground to the migratory waterfowls, as ...
Babar Khan1, Muhammad Zafar Khan2 and Garee Khan2
...wood and timber of rural communities in the arid and semi arid mountainous areas. We have evaluated the extent of agro forestry and its impacts on protection of natural forests in Bunji, a small village in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. On average, land fragmentation has resulted into a loss of 1.3 ha per capita during the past fifteen years. However, compared to farm land (46%) only 7% loss in land under farm forestry was observed. A remarkable change had occurr...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Yahya Karamat2, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal3 and Imtiaz Hussain4
...tion especially to those communities totally dependable on forests and other non renewable natural resources. Nigella sativa is a renowned medicinal herb of the world of herbaceous plants because of its multipurpose uses in different disease treatments. The study was conducted to increase the production of Nigella sativa by applying the NP fertilizer. This study was carried with objective to find the optimum doze of NP fertilizer for the growth and maxi...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ctly in forest dependent communities by depriving them from their livelihoods. A great number of species are facing extinction due to deforestation. Based on these findings it is suggested that sustainable forest resource management may be resumed to keep the forest ecosystems viable and their socio-economic services intact.
Key words: llegal logging, multiple uses, biodiversity, environment, livelihoods, sustainable forest management.
...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal, Asif Raza Wazir and Ch. Muhammad Muslim
...analyzed and three-plant communities viz. Pinus-Abies-Sophora, Abies-Cedrus and Abides-Pinus communities were determined on the basis of the highest important value (HIV). The dominant species were Cedrus deodara, Pinus wallichiana, Abies pindrow, Picea smithiana, Pinus gerardiana and Quercus dilatata, Quercus incana etc. These plant species were the main source of income of the inhabitants. A num...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
...forests, impact on local communities and identify the factors responsible for degradation of mangrove forests. Among the eight villages in the total of two sub-divisions, fifty households were selected randomly; 6-7 from each village. The results indicated that average household size was seven persons per household having 68% of them one earning member and 70% were directly employed in fishery sector. 80% respondents had their own livestock and agriculture lan...
A. W. Jasra and I. Ahmad
...gives an analysis of the communities inhabiting the juniper zone and their livelihood sources; and suggestions for resource base improvement. These communities consist of settled/sedentary pastoralists, transhumant pastrolists and nomadic pastoralists. The sedentary community has shifted from pastrol livelihood to agra-pastoral, however, livestock still remains major component of its household economy. Water shortage has e...
A.W. Jasra and Imtiaz Ahmad
...mic empowerment of local communities and to enhance ecological conservation. Policy wins through aggressive advocacy and community participation as well as networking of various stakeholders emerged mandatory for developing seabuckthorn as livelihood source in resource poor mountain communities. The informal spiritual institutions were found to have very high potential for social mobilization to involve
Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
...study analyzes the local communities' access to forest resources of Hilkot watershed, a small area of 1600 ha with a total population of 7500, located in Mansehra district of N.W.F.P. The total forest area is 710 ha (44% of the total area) which consists of Guzara and Reserved forests. Guzara forests comprising 378 ha, are private forests held individually or jointly by the local people and managed by the forest department. Reserved forests comprising 332 h...
Shams-ur-Rehman, Altaf Hussain and Riaz A. Khattak
...irection Involving local communities in reforestation and selection of suitable species in combating salinity seem to be one of the economically viable approaches to reduce poverty as several million ha. area has been severely hit by this menace in many countries of South Asia. The paper describes the screening/selection of species following use of some soil amendments to successfully establish trees on these marginal and extremely low nutrient lands. It is an...
Bashir Ahmad Wani, Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Hakim Shah
... conditions of the local communities....
Abdul Qayyum Khan, Bashir Ahmad Wani, Hakim Shah and S. Irfanullah
... in the Hilkot watershed communities in order to assess the energy needs for consumptive (household and commercial) and productive purposes (rural cottage industry, agriculture). Questionnaire, interview and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to carry out this survey. According to the survey results, firewood emerged as the largest source of energy used for cooking and heating. The consumption of firewood was 2.35 maunds/household/week. Annual...
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
...ants. The following five communities were recognized: (I) Melia-Lantana-Stellaria, (II) Morus-Dodonaea Melilotus, (III) Dodonaea-Grewia-Melia, (IV) Stellaria-Zizyphus-Dodonaea, (V) Oxalis-Pinus-Olea Communities. Index of diversity and its components decreased from low altitude to high altitude, but in Oxalis-Pinus-Olea community it was high. Soils were generally loamy, sandy loamy to...
Mirza Hakim Khan and Muhammad Shabir Mughal
...etation was analyzed and communities identified. Vegetation rehabilitation through social forestry, involvement of schools and religious institutions is necessary for the multiplication of economic and ecological benefits....
Muhammad Ayaz
...rtunities
for the local communities....
Umeed Khalid, Abdul Ghafoor and Naeem Ashraf Raja
...h are owned by the local communities, are threatened by logging, which provides an important source of local cash income. The Himalayan Jungle Project aims to conserve these forests and their wildlife by developing with the local communities alternative, sustainable sources of income.
The Himalayan Musk Deer Moschus chrysogaster is listed as a threatened species in IUCN Red Data Book and is regarded as a priority ...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...sopogon - Cymbopogon communities if the frequency and intensity of defoliation are controlled more closely as in this experiment. ...
Mirza Hakim Khan
...rat method. Three
plant communities were recognized, namely Juniperus
macropoda, Ephedra nebrodensis, Daphne oleoides
community, Sophora griffithii, Artimisia maritima
community Juniperus macropoda, Perovskia abrotanoides
community First two communities were found the best for
food and shelter of Markhor-Hazarganji and Chiltan in
summer and winter seasons. The third community was found
in the hab...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
... of markhor. A study of
communities was carried out according to the method of
Braun Bkanquet. Two major plant communities were
identified, namely Olea cuspidate, Pistacia cabulica
community at the lower elevation and Pinus gerardiana,
Ephedra nebrodensis, Cotoneaster nummularia community at higher elevation of the habitat. T he first community
was found to be the best habitat for Suleiman markhor
becaus...
Qutabuddin Marwat and Naseer Ahmad Khan
...assified into four plant communities, viz: Boissiera squarrosa, Stockisa brahuica, Poa sinaica (BSP), Artemisia maritime, Poa bulbosa, Haloxhlon griffithii, (APH), Poa sinaica, Boissiera squarrosa, Artemisia maritime (PBA), Artemisia maritime, Boissiera squarrosa, Stocksia brahuica (ABS) on the basis of highest importance value. There are 81 plant species in the area, including 15 medicinal plants and 11 grasses....
Qaisar Ali, Mohammad Yousaf Wazir and Mirza Hakim Khan
...9 to June, 1980, 4 plant communities were recognized, viz. 1.Desmostachya-Suaeda community 2. Saccharum-desmostachya community 3. Desmostachya-Saccharum-Alhagi community and 4. Phragmities community. Some environmental, particularly the edaphic factors were also studied. Investigations indicated that some tree species like Phoenix dactylifera and fodder plants like Diplachne fusca and Juncus maritimus can be tried successfully in the area ...
Safdar Ali Kayani*, Tanweer Ahmad*, Abdul Kabir Achackzai* and Abdul Qadeer**
...ibution in various plant communities
of Eastern Baluchistan was studied. On the basis of
termite nest density and extent of termite infested area
it was concluded that out of 19 plant communities, four
have serious (nest density >124/ha, infested area
115m2/ha, five have mild nest density 62-124/ha, 23
115m2 and three have minor nest density <62/ha, infested
area >23m2/ha, termite infestation problem, while
remaining...
M. N. Malik, A. R. Beg and M. Iqbal Khan
...ntiate and discern plant communities as units
indicating type and degree of salinity. An exploratory
work was done in Peshawar basin, and several communities
were marked specifying salinity status of land....
A. R. Beg and Mirza Hakim Khan
...ed that three more plant communities, viz Diospyros lotus, Cotoneaster nummularia, Sophora mollis and Quercus baloot, Impatiens bicolor occur in the area. Prospects of renewable resource development have also been indicated....
Amjum Amin, Zafar Uddin, Rukhsana Roohi and Tayyab Jamil
...a resulted in four plant communities, i.e. Chrysopogon montanus, Heterioigib contortus, Desmostachya bipinnata, Desmostachya bipinnata, Saccharum spontaneum, Cymbopogonschoenanthus, Capparisdcidua and Chrysopogon montanus, Adhatoda vasica, Eleusine compressa. The communities were finally named by combining the physical and biological features....
Anjum Amin and Raja Mohammad Ashfaque
... frequencies. Five plant communities i.e., Depression community (indicated
by Acacia modesta Cannabis sativa), Level ground community (Acacia modesta-Cynodon dactylon), Foot hill community (Acacia modesta-Themeda anathera), Hill slopes community (Acacia modesta-Dodonaea viscosa) and Hill tops community (Acacia modesta-Lantana camara) were recognized on the basis of physiognomy, floristic composition and Importance value of t...
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...The following four plant communities were recognized:(1) Caragana ambigua, Thymus serpyllum community (2) Ephedra nebrodensis, Juniperus excelsa community (3) Perovskia abrotanoides, Juniperus excelsa community (4) Sophora griffthii, Othonopsis intermedia community Community 1 was found the best both from food and shelter point of view, while the others stand in descending order of importance....
A. R. Beg and Mirza Hakim Khan
...nean climate. Four plant communities have also been described in the zone....
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...rost period. Three plant communities' viz. Rhazya stricta, Salvadora oleoides, Acaia modesta, Olea cuspidata, Dodonaea viscosa and Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Cenchrus ciliaris, Dodonaea viscose occur.
...
Mairza Hakim Khan
...pe is dry temperate. The communities were identified:
Study area: Chitral Gol is a narrow valley. It starts 3 km west of Chitral town, runs as a gorge for about 18 km and then broadens into three sub-valleys each surrounded by high peaks. The area is mountainous with steep slopes. It is bounded on the north and west by Butkoh tehsil, on the east by Singur Gol, on the south by Chitral town and Molen Gol. A number of small watersheds, Mer...
Study area: Chitral Gol is a narrow valley. It starts 3 km west of Chitral town, runs as a gorge for about 18 km and then broadens into three sub-valleys each surrounded by high peaks. The area is mountainous with steep slopes. It is bounded on the north and west by Butkoh tehsil, on the east by Singur Gol, on the south by Chitral town and Molen Gol. A number of small watersheds, Mer...
S. M. Chaghtai and Mohammad Yusuf
...s diversity in the seral communities of Kohat was determined and the relationship between species diversity and its components was studied. Species diversity and its components were correlated with the structural characteristics of the communities. The general behavior of some important species has also been discussed....
Moin Uddin Ahmad and S. A. Qadir Dr.
... stand were studied. 10
communities were recognized on the basis of physiognomy, floristic composition and importance value index....
Iqbal Ahmad Alizai and Himayat Hussain Naqvi
...rried out and five plant communities were established.
...
Muhammad Ikram Ullah Malik1*, Aamir Saleem1, Lubna Ansari1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2
...ractices used by farming communities in Paharpur regions of District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The goal of this study was to assess how well agroforestry systems enhance livelihoods by generating more money. This was one of a few studies on the use of agroforestry for livelihood and its importance to human welfare. The work was carried out to evaluate the agro-silvopastoral system as compared to the conventional agricultural crops. An are...
Maqsood Anwar, Shah Khalid and Naveed Akhtar1*
...
homogeneity of weed communities of wheat crop. This study was conducted in tehsil
Razar district Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during February-April 2016. A
total of 200 quadrats (square shaped) having size (1m × 1m) were placed in 20 randomly
selected wheat fields in the study area. Analytical quantitative characters like density,
frequency and cover were calculated for each weed species. Twenty ...
Nematode Community Structure in Musa acuminata Colla (Lakatan) Farms with Continuous Cropping System
Baby Nhor K. Ambel1*, Nneka Djen A. Matandog1, Neil Pep Dave N. Sumaya2, Florence Roy P. Salvaña1, Bryan Lloyd P. Bretaña1 and Ma. Teodora N. Cabasan1*
... highlight that nematode communities can serve as sensitive indicators of soil quality and have the potential to elucidate the impact of farming management on soil health....
Shaofei Zhang1, Na Xu2 and Gang Liu2*
...tigated the gut archaeal communities of Anser erythropus wintering at Shengjin and Caizi Lakes in China using metagenomic analysis of 20 fecal samples (ten samples per lake). The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the gut archaea of geese wintering in the two lakes represented 16 phyla, 16 classes, 24 orders, 27 families, and 45 genera, with Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Bathyarchaeota being the dominant gut archaeal phyla. The results of alpha diversi...
Chao Du1, Li Liu1, Li Gao1, Yongqi Ren2, Shiqiang Wang3 and Wei Liu4*
...howed that the arthropod communities are low abundant in two lakes with a total of 16 taxa, but their biomass in TAN was significantly lower than HQN. According to the breeding records of relict gulls in HQN, we roughly estimate that up to 400 relict gulls pairs may be able to breed in TAN. The low availability of food supply during the brooding period might still be a limiting factor for the restoration of the TAN relict gull population in the following years...
