Search for Pretreatment

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Reducing severity of Post Dural Puncture Headache after Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Caesarean section

Shumaila Ashfaq¹, Liaqat Ali²*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia², Rizwan Ahmad Khan² and Mehtash Butt³

...rded regarding age; mean pretreatment and post treatment VAS after 6 hours.Mean decrease in pain VAS score was 3.30 + 1.2 in group A while 7.17+ 1.3 in group B. (P value 0.001).Intravenous hydrocortisone is more effective in reducing post dural puncture headache pain severity after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesareansection when given along with conventional treatment as compared to conventional treatment alone.

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Effect of alkali treatment (NaOH) of eucalyptus leaves for hypercellulase production by Bacillus subtilis through submerge fermentation

Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1

... 15min and 15psi). After pretreatment, cellulase production was conducted in 250ml Erlenmeyer flask at 50 ºC, pH 5 with shaking speed of 120 rpm using 2% pretreated eucalyptus leaves as carbon source and 2% v/v inoculum size in submerged fermentation for 24h. Results showed that among these two treatments, only chemical treated substrates gave better enzyme yield as compared to chemical followed by steam. The highest FPase (2.526 IU/ml/min) activity was f...

Optimization of dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment of peanut shells through Box- Bhenken design for cellulase production by Bacillus subtilis K-18

Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3

...of dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment of peanut shells as substrate for the production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for

Dilute Sulphuric Acid Pretreatment Optimization of Cotton Stalk for Cellulase Production through Box-Bhenken Design

Noor Fatima¹, Muhammad Irfan^2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir¹, Javed Iqbal Qazi¹

...ime (4, 6 and 8h). After pretreatment process, cellulase production was achieved by solid substrate which was conducted in 250mL capacity Erlenmeyer flask in which incubation of Bacillus subtilis was carried out for 24 h of fermentation period at temperature of 50^oC. Results showed that cellulase production was greatly affected by the thermochemical pretreatment as compared to the chemical

Bioethanol Production from Saw Dust through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

Ammara Afzal¹, Tazmeen Fatima¹, Maham Tabassum¹, Muhammad Nadeem²*, Muhammad Irfan³, Quratulain Syed²

...loses to bioethanol i.e. pretreatment of biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis of raw material and fermentation. The sawdust was pretreated with 2.5% NaOH and further processed for SHF and SSF. Maximum saccharification was observed by T. viride (10.17%) followed by T. harzianum (9.19%) and T. koninji (6.91%) at 35˚C for 48h. Among both strategies, SSF combination of T. viride and S. cerevisiae gave maximum ethanol production (3.88%)...

Water Pretreatment Affects the Bacteria Communities in Penaeus monodon Larvae Culture

Chao Zhao^1,2, Juan Feng¹, Haidong Xu¹, Lihua Qiu^1,2,*, Qibin Yang¹, Zhenhua Ma¹ and Jian G. Qin³

...ly affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were significantly lower than UV treatment and untreated group (P < 0.05). Based on the results obtained in the present study, we suggest that formalin treatment could be a better away t...

Effectiveness of Acidification and Phytase Pretreatment on Growth Performance, Muscle Proximate Composition and Nutrient Digestibility of Rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton 1822) Juveniles Fed Soybean Meal Based Diet

Muhammad Afzal¹, Nighat Sultana¹, Ali Hassan¹, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah^2,*, Mahroze Fatima³, Syed Makhdoom Hussain⁴, Muhammad Bilal⁵ and Majid Hussain²

...e and Mn. Similarly, PHY pretreatment had also resulted in enhanced mineral digestibility as compare to control group. However, both the supplements did not interact positively (p>0.05) for the observed responses except SGR, FCR and crude ash contents in muscles. It was evident from the present study that soybean meal based diet supplemented with CA and PHY performed better than without supplementation.

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Growth, Muscle Proximate Composition and Whole-Body Nutrient Status of Labeo rohita Fed Acidified and Phytase Pre-Treated Sunflower Meal Based Diet

Muhammad Afzal¹, Mahroze Fatima², Aasma Qamar¹, Muhammad Farhan¹ and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah^3,*

...alization. Moreover, PHY pretreatment also resulted in higher (p<0.05) mineral deposition in the body as compared to control group. Both supplements interacted positively (p<0.05) to enhance most of body minerals. In short, CA as well as PHY efficiently enhanced growth performance, muscle proximate composition and whole-body nutrient status of L. rohita when fed on sunflower meal-based diet.

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Muhammad Farooq¹*, Elham Azadfar², Zohre Bahrami³, Mahniya Sharifi³, A. Shakoor⁴, Shabir Ahmed⁵, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi¹, Muhammad Noman Khan⁶, Memona Siddique⁷, Naila Ilyas⁸*, Muhammad Bakhtiar⁹, Mohamed El-Fatieh Ismael¹ and Wang Yunyang¹

Optimization of Drying Process of Rambutan by Combined Method of Osmosis Ultrasound and Complementary Drying of Hot Air

...his study, after osmosis pretreatment, samples were put under an osmosis dehydration process. First, using Osmosis-ultrasound with 40.5% concentration in Sekanjabin solution then dried in an oven at a temperature of 70°C. The characteristics of solid gain, water and weight loss, shrinkage and rehydration were evaluated. The obtained results showed that by increasing the concentration of weight and water loss, solid gain increased. Accordingly, in a higher ...

Evolutionary Adaptation of Fermenting Strains in Wheat Straw Hydrolysate for Bioethanol and Lactic Acid Production

Imrana Khushk¹, Abdul Nabi Jatt², Abdul Sattar Qureshi¹*, Choudhary Haider Ali³, Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto¹, Imran Ibrahim Khaskheli¹, Sartar Iqbal Panhwer¹

...jor difficulties namely (pretreatment inhibitors and cost of cellulase enzyme). In the present study, long term evolutionary adaptation was evaluated for ethanol and lactic acid production to overcome the pretreatment inhibitors issue. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel was used for the production of ethanol, while, Bacillus coagulans, Pediococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were used for lactic production, respectively. All the m...

Salvadora persica as natural anti-viral agent

Asmaa A.M. Abd El-Ghani *; Ahmed B.M.; Abdel-Raouf A. ; Nagwa S. Ata* and H.A. Hussein

...uated at different times pretreatment

,simultaneouslly and after adsorption. The results demonstrated that the safest

concentration (non-cytotoxic) of the plant extract under study on MDBK cells was 0.1

mg/ml.The plan extract showed a significant antiviral effect against BHV-1 at

simultaneous treatment experiment. The virus titeration assay showed a marked decrease

from 105 TCID50/ml to 103 TCID50/ml ...

Dissecting the Heat Stress Responses and Effects on Morphology of Tomato Varieties Employing Pre-transplant High Temperature Conditioning

Gulzar Ullah* and Gohar Ayub

...te the influence of heat pretreatment conditioning durations (control or no heat pretreatment,10 hrs,15 hrs and 20 hrs) on three tomato varieties (Roma, Rio Grande and Yaqui) sown at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2017 and 2018. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in growth chamber before transplantation and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two...

Phosphorus Fractions and Wheat Seedlings Growth in Calcareous Soils Amended with P Enriched Compost

Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad

Effect of Chronic Adrenocorticotropine Hormone Treatment on LPS-induced Slight Inflammation via Inhibiting Nuclear Translocation of Glucocorticoid-glucocorticoid Receptor Complex in Lung of Pig

Zhiyuan Sun^{1, 3}, Xuhui Zhang^2,*, Xian Li³, Yanping Huang³, Shiyan Sui³, Weifeng Liu³, Guochao Ni³, Xiaozhou Xu¹, Jianbo Yang¹, Xue Lian¹ and Hui Jia¹

...cotropine hormone (ACTH) pretreatment. Twenty-four 30-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred piglets (12 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: control, LPS, ACTH, and ACTH+LPS groups. Each group consisted of 6 male piglets. All ACTH pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramuscularly with ACTH (2.25 IU/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive injections at 6-h intervals. Then, LPS pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramus...

An Improved Heamagglutination Inhibition Test for Rapid Diagnosis and Stereotyping of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Johar Hussian¹, Faiz Muhammad², Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani³, Aqeel Ahmad⁴, Nazir Ahmad Lone⁴, Moomal Bughio⁵, Syed Khurram Freed¹ and Shakeel Ahmed Khan⁴*

...on (HA) reaction without pretreatment. Therefore, we designed this study for preparation of IBV antigen by treating with different enzymes for HA reaction. IBV local isolates were characterized by SDS-PAGE and RT-PCR. The indigenous isolate HA antigens were treated with different proteolytic enzymes trypsin, neuraminidase and phospholipase C. The prepared antigen were stored at -86oC and used for HA test. All antigen prepared by different enzyme were found to ...

Neuroprotective Effect of Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Antagonist on Retina of Rat

Chuanfeng Fan^1,2,*, Wenguo Feng^1,3, Jingchang Yang^1,2, Qingchao Chen^1,2 and Yu Wang^1,4

...cyte stimulating hormone pretreatment group each with 8 rats, 16 eyes in each group. The content of neurotransmitter amino acids and the survival rate, apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential of the retinal nerve cells were compared between the three groups. According to our results the contents of free glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine, glycine and aspartate were all higher in the induced injury group than in the normal control group, ...

Cardioprotective Effect of Naringenin against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Alteration of Apoptotic Signaling Pathway

Tao Ren¹, Guiqiu Cao², Xiao Han³, Feng Tan¹, Qiaoli Chen⁴, Shicheng Yang⁵ and Haiyan Zhang⁶*

...t showed that naringenin pretreatment significantly increased cardiac dysfunction via scavenged free radicals and a reduction of inflammatory reaction. Dose-dependent treatment of naringenin significantly altered the CK-MB, HDL, LDL, creatinine, cholesterol, CRP, Ca2+, Na+ and K+, respectively. A significant alleviating change in these biochemical parameters along with caspase-3 activity was noticed. Thus, in our study, we determined that I/R induced cardiac r...

Evaluation of Cardioprotective Potential of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Citrullus colocynthis against Doxorubicin Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

Ashira Manzoor¹, Imran Ahmad Khan^1,2*, Muqadas Sadiq³, Muhammad Omer Iqbal⁴ and Shaukat Hussain Munawar⁵

Chemical Pretreatment Method for Enhanced Production of Bioethanol from Sugarcane Bagasse using Bacillus sp.

Nazish Manzoor¹*, Alim Khan¹, Muhammad Yaseen¹, Abid Ullah¹, Zulqarnain² and Iftikhar Jan²

Effect of papaya and neem seeds on Ascaridia galli infection in broiler chicken

S. Feroza¹, A. G. Arijo¹† and I. R. Zahid²

...tion. On day 21, the FEC pretreatment values in group A, B and C were recorded as 1424.5, 1346.3 and 1806.4, respectively. The FEC post treatment values of groups B and C were significantly (P>0.05) decreased as compared to the control (group A). However, no significant difference was observed between group B and C. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of both the papaya and neem was effective in controlling the Ascaridia galli infecti...

Rivaroxaban Reduces Cerebral Hemorrhage in Mice with TPA Ischemic Stroke after Thrombolysis by Down-Regulating PAR-1 and PAR-2

Sen Ye¹, Jiangang Pang² and Xiuli Wang³*

...mg/kg) /day), or solvent pretreatment for 14 d to induce transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min, followed by perfusion with tPA (10 mg/kg/10ml). Infarct volume, bleeding volume, immunoglobulin G leakage and blood parameters were examined. PAR immunohistochemistry was performed on brain sections after 24 h reperfusion. We found that compared with the rivaroxaban group, the warfarin pretreatment group had an inc...

Protective Effect of Sufentanil against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Peixia Yu¹*, Lijun Bo² and Xueyin Song¹

...tion of sufentanil (Fen) pretreatment on inducible myocardial apoptosis by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. 120 male rats (mean age = 3 months) were randomly assigned to six conditions: control group (group S), I/R group, normal saline (NS) I/R group, and low, medium and high dose Fen groups, where in high dose group: Fen1:2μg/kg; Fen2:4μg/kg; Fen3:6μg/kg. The measured items included heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular d...