Abdul Malik1,4, Ghulam Abbas1*, Hameeda Kalhoro2, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Syed Sajjad A. Shah4 and Halima Kalhoro3
...with commercial floating pellets having 35% crude protein at 2% body weight twice a day for 60 days and eggs were collected weekly. Results showed that fertilized eggs were found to be greater in number at low salinity level as compared to higher salinity level. Survival of fry ranged from 1058 to 1100 at salinity level of 0‰ – 20‰ with 5% increment, after which fry number decreased significantly (P<0.05). The fertilized eggs did not dif...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...e discarded to get their pellets, which were dissolved in normal saline. Of this one part was taken for thaw and freeze treatment, while the second for ultrasonication treatment, before conducting antimicrobial activities. Zones of inhibition were measured by using disc diffusion method. Supernatant fraction of E. coli was positive against Sal. typhi and supernatant fraction of P. multocida was positive against E. c...
B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...s like, dusts, granules, pellets, wettable powders. Trichoderma formulations can be applied to the seed either by dry seed treatment or by seed biopriming for control of several soil-borne diseases of some field crops. Similarly, seedlings of horticultural crops and rice are treated by dipping the roots in Trichoderma suspensions before planting. Granular or pellets preparations and Trichoderma enriched FYM have been used fo...
Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
...aw with newly formulated pelleted straw taking into account the prevalence and severity of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens. The study included 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers. One group of broilers was reared on chopped wheat straw (the particle length of straw ≥ 10 cm). The second group was kept on newly formulated pelleted wheat straw. The duration of the trial was 42 days. Moisture content in litter mate...
Ibrahim A. Alhidary1,*, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Moez A. Ayadi1,3 and Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...reatment (T3, pellet feed). Juveniles were fed with 5% of total biomass twice in a day. At the end, higher growth increments were found such as length and weight in average, T1=15.01±0.33cm and 15.80±0.01g, T3=14.13±0.76cm and 13.35±0.67g whereas in T2=11.80 ± 0.96cm and 10.47±1.19g lower growth were found. Specific growth rate (SGR) were obtained 1.160, 0.960 and 1.110 in T<...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4 and Lorenzo Gallus4
...with commercial floating pellet (35% protein) at 3% body weight per day for 40 days. Results showed that fish growth was significantly (P<0.05) higher in term of weight gain, WG % of initial weight, mean daily WG, SGR, feed conversion and survival rate from 15‰ to 30‰ salinity than those reared in 35‰ and 40‰ salinity. Condition factor was found to be significantly higher on 40‰ salinity than 15‰ to 35‰ salin...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
...with commercial floating pelleted feed constituting 35% crude protein with 2% body weight twice a day. Eggs were collected on weekly basis by cultch removal method. Results showed that the highest fecundity, fertility, hatchability and survival of fry were obtained on salinity of 0%-15% and significantly decreased on 20‰ and 25‰. The eggs per gram body weight were also recorded in all treatments and highest eggs were obtained i.e. 4.0-4.3 ...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Dastagir4, Sara Ferrando5, Lorenzo Gallus5, Asad Ali Muhammad1,6, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khalil-ur-Rehman2
...with commercial floating pellet (35% protein) with 3% of total biomass day-1 for 50 days. Results showed that the growth increment reared on 10‰ - 20‰ salinity were significantly highest in term of weight gain, WG % of initial weight, daily weight gain, specific growth rate, condition factor and survival rate than those reared on 25‰ and 30‰. Feed conversion ratio was found similar in all levels which is not significantly...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...mly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet (approximately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 41.73 ± 0.53 kg BW. The remaining lambs (n = 21) were allocated randomly on d 0 to 3 treatment intake levels (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A slaughter group contained 1 lamb from each treatment, and lambs were slaughtered when the ad ...
Pasqua Rotondi1, Maria Antonietta Colonna1, Giuseppe Marsico1, Francesco Giannico1, Marco Ragni1 and Anna Maria Facciolongo2,*
...: C) control: commercial pelleted feed; L) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed; LO) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% dried oregano inflorescences. Kids were slaughtered at 60 days of age. Diet did not affect in vivo performances, dressing percentage, pH and meat colour, but it influenced meat tenderness, that was lower (P<0.01) in meat from kids rece...
Mounir R. Abi-Said1, Mohammad Al Zein2, Mohammad A. Abu Baker3 and Zuhair S. Amr3,4*
...Arabia. 112 regurgitated pellets yielded 203 individual prey items representing at least eleven rodent species, unidentified bird(s), at least one scorpion, and other unidentified insects. Prey items were dominated by rodents (91%) which were found in 96.4% of the pellets. Birds, scorpions, and other insects constituted 2.46, 5.91, and 2.96% of the diet, respectively. Rodents contributed the most in terms of biomass, with th...
Kadir Seyhan1,*, Nimet Selda Başçinar2, Nadir Başçinar3 and Umar Khan3
... was fed with commercial pellets under similar conditions to avoid the ingress of any other variable such as temperature and dietary energy density. Their stomach contents were sampled at predetermined postprandial times, and were dried at 60° C to constant weight. The course of GE in both sizes of S. fontinalis fry was best described by the square root model. The relationship between GER and body mass was then determined by a power function of fry ...
Sinan Uzundumlu1, Yesim Buyukates1,*, Murat Yigit2, Musa Bulut2, Rıdvan Kaan Gurses1 and Barbaros Celikkol3
...S was supported by fecal pellets or unused fish feed in the cage system. MDS analysis results showed that TSS, chlorophyll-a and TP were similar throughout the sampling period. The study showed that copper alloy cage system did not have any negative impact on the marine system, compared with the limits provided by FAO, EPA, WPCR and RTMAF as well as with previously conducted studies in the region.
... 
Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2
Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
...e form of cellulose-made pellets made up of compressed powdered sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse and maize (Zea mays L.) cobs. This pellet formulation was evaluated against worker individuals of O. obesus under laboratory conditions using soil macrocosms. Mortality of termites was determined at different time intervals after their exposure to formulated pellets treated macrocos...
Syed Zakir Hussain Shah1*, Muhammad Afzal2, Mahroze Fatima3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain4 and Tanveer Ahmed5
...g of phytase on the diet pellets. Fish having CA acidified diet also showed improved (p<0.05) minerals digestibility performance. Interaction plots showed synergistic effect of both the supplements for crude fat and gross energy digestibility. Again, interaction data showed synergistic effect on minerals digestibility except Fe. Inclusion of both the supplements independently and in combination in the diet resulted in less nutrient contents in...
Muhammad Bilal Anwar1, Mirza Azhar Beg1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1*, Syed Israr Shah1, Sajida Noureen2,
Muhammad Mushtaq1 and Tariq Mahmood3
...gnificance. Regurgitated pellets of three owl species (n = 434) were collected seasonally from the study area. The food of the spotted owlet and eurasian eagle owl was found significantly different (P< 0.05) across seasons whereas no seasonal differences were seen in collared owlet’s prey resources. Insects of four orders dominated in the diet of collared owlet (50 %) and spotted owlet (56.62 %) whereas the major portion of the food of e...
Oluseyi A. Olayinka1, Temitope O.C. Faleye2, Oladipo O. Omotosho3, Oladapo A. Odukaye3, Bolaji Oluremi4, Ibipeju H. Ibitoye1, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe1, Uwem E. George5, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo6, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel Donbraye9, Olufunke P. Adeniji10, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi1,11* and Johnson A. Adeniji1,11,12
...est Nigeria. Three fecal pellets were randomly picked from the floor of unit pens containing a minimum of three pigs per unit in selected piggery in Ibadan, Nigeria. The samples were pooled and resuspended in phosphate buffered saline. The suspension was then subjected to nucleic acid extraction, cDNA synthesis and Illumina sequencing. Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in the raw reads were determined and assembled using the Kmer Resistance tool v2.2. From th...
Ramadan, F. Abbas1;H.M.Salem1; M.H. Belal2, and A. M. M. Abd-Alla3*
...pectively, resuspend the pellet in Tris buffer, sterile by
0.45-μm syringe filter and inject to house fly adults maintained in
laboratory colony, leads to the detection and isolation of this virus from
Egypt. Injection of filtrate induced SGH symptom in 60% injected flies.
The salivary gland symptom was similar to the previously reported
symptoms of the MdSGHV. Examinat...
Jhan Zeb1*, Saiqa Tufail1, Nausheen Saboohi1, Zafar Samuel2, Asher Azeem3, Yaseen Amir4 and Sehrish Akram5
...m lipid/protein level in pelleted diets for Labeo rohita (Initial weight; 2.87±0.01g). Four pelleted diets varying in their lipid/protein levels i.e. 7.5/25, 9.5/25, 7.5/30 and 9.5/30% were formulated and hand fed for 90 days to four groups of 10 fish each. Results of the present study showed that L. rohita attained significantly higher aver
Elfadil Elfadul Babiker1, Khalid Ahmed Abdoun2*, Fahad AL Juhaimi1, Kashif Ghafoor1, Riyadh Salih Aljumaah2 and Ahmed Abrahim Al-Haidary2
Maria Endo Mahata1*, Hamdan Sukri Lubis1, Takayuki Ohnuma2, Yose Rizal1
...eraction between natural pellet binders and dosage in producing pellet made of Miana plant as poultry feedstuffs. This experiment was administered in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was natural pellet binders composed of brown seaweed Sargassum binderi, taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), and tapioca flour (Manihot utilissima), and the seco...
Sajida Batool*, Sitara Shameem, Kainat Malik and Aneela Iram
...ct group was fed on food pellets exposed to microwaves in oven tray directly, Glass group was given feed processed in the microwave oven within a glass container and Plastic group was given feed exposed to microwaves in a plastic container. The microwaves exposed feed of all treated groups was heated at 250◦C, 2450 MHz frequency for 15 min and was provided for 4 weeks. Intake of microwave exposed feed caused a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in mean...
V. Sunitha*, V. Vasudeva Rao, V. Ravinder Reddy, P. Venkateshwarlu, A.V.L.N. Ramalingeswar Rao and B. Naresh
...d habits. A total of 282 pellets were collected during the study period were analyzed and identified by using standard keys.The diet of the owlet was predominantly insects (51%) followed by rodents (33%), herpetofauna (9.5%) and unidentified invertebrates (6.5%). Among the rodents (33%) Rattus rattus, Bandicota bengalensis, Funambulus palamaram, Mus musculus and Mus booduga. The insects (51%) which includes Orthoptera (21%), Coleoptera (19%) and Dermaptera (11...
Muhammad Bilal Munawar1, Saima Naveed1, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani1, Jibran Hussain2, Shahzad Munir3, Ayesha Ahmed3, Mubbashir Hussain4, Ahmad Kamran Khan5, Abdullah Jalal6 and Irfan Ahmed7*
...ify;">The effect of post pelleting liquid phytase supplementation was evaluated in broilers on the basis of growth production, plasma and tibia phosphorus. The (n=504) day-old broiler chickens procured randomly allocated into 6 treatments dietary treatments were: B positive control (PC) diet (0.42% available phosphorus in grower feed, A negative control (NC) diet with (0.30% avail. P in starter and 0.26% avail. phosphorus in grower) while four diets C, D suppl...
Maria Endo Mahata1*, Oriyanti Br Situngkir1, Yan Heryandi2, Takayuki Ohnuma3, Yose Rizal1
...f the type and dosage of pellet binder Miana plant (Plectranthus scutellarioides [L]R.Br) on crude fiber digestibility, nitrogen retention, and energy metabolism in broiler chicken. The study used 30 broiler male chickens with an average body weight of 1.5 kg at five weeks of age. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) of a 3x3 factorial pattern which was repeated three times. Factor A (type of <...
Muhammad Saad Waqas, Li Xia, Tian-Ci Yi*, Liang-Yu Sun, Rong Xiao and Dao-Chao Jin*
...deposited the less fecal pellets at the entrance of nest and more fecal pellets near their original feces using both tactile cues and excrement cues. More than 80% S. inthanonsis used excrement cues during defecation. Nest relocation patterns showed that S. inthanonsis could relocate when nest was completely damaged. Relocation pattern was different among immature-stages and adults. Nymphs and larvae relocated nest when ther...
Javeria Khourshid*, Ghulam Abbas, Shahnaz Rashid, Asma Fatima* and Abdul Malik
...ere fed on supplementary pelleted diet thrice daily at 2% of their total body weight. Results showed that WG and SGR were significantly higher in T1, in which we applied Oxy Aqua organic® product without aeration than T2, whereas no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in FCR between treatments. No mortality was occurring during the whole experimental period. Comparative growth analysis of both fish species revealed that OxyAqua organic is highly s...
Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan
...rough egestion of faecal pellets. In the present study, examined the interactions between soil fertility and millipedes occurrence in Alagar hills Reserve forest. Millipedes as detritivores significantly affect nutrient cycling through the redistribution of organic material and consequently, the release of biochemical elements such as N, P, K and calcium and reduce the level of carbon content and C/N ratio of the soil. Our field microcosm study included popula...
Feng-Yan Liu1,2,3, Ting Chen1,2,3, Yu-Hui Li1,2,3, Zheng Liu1,2,3, Jing-Jin Zheng1,2,3, You-Bang Li1,2,3* and Zhong-hao Huang1,2,3*
...; (Macaca mulatta) fecal pellet sampled from the Longhushan Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangxi, China. The results indicated that cortisol was negatively correlated with ambient temperature and sunlight, whereas T4 was positively correlated with sunlight. Cortisol levels sampled from spring/winter were higher than those sampled from summer/fall, while levels of GCs and T3/T4 were not significantly different among seasons, indicating adult males have more intens...
Muhammad Altaf1*, Arshad Javid2, Abdul Majid Khan3, Sadia Nazer4, Irfan5, Khalid Javed Iqbal6, Muhammad Sultan Haider7 and Sana Ashraf7
...nces of carcasses, fecal pellets, pug marks and meeting with local communities). The habitat preferences of large, medium and small mammals varied significantly. A decrease in mammalian diversity was observed from forest habitat to urban landscapes. Indian wild boar, Asiatic jackal, Indian fox, jungle cat, Indian pangolin and long-eared desert hedgehog preferred forested areas as well as slightly modified habitats while northern palm squirrel, house mouse, hou...
Muhammad Umar Farooq1, Kashif Ishaq1*, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1, Tanveer Ahmad1, Jamil Akbar1, Asim Fraz2, Sara Naeem1 and Aansa Latif1
...were offered total mixed pelleted ration by following NRC recommended feeding standards. All the animals had free access to fresh and clean water. They were kept under the same husbandry practices. The results showed that ADG was highest (P<0.001) in T3 (887 g/d) followed by T2 and T2 due to higher intake during restriction phase. However, this was reversed in re-alimentation phase where the ADG was highest (P<0.001) in T1 (153 g/d) followed by T2 (112.1...
Abdul Aziz1,2, Hamad Bin Rashid1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Ayesha Hassan1, Hamid Akbar1, Sadaf Imran1, Naveed Hussain1, Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Asif1, Sajjad Javaid1 and Mamoona Chaudhry3
... centrifuged and the SVF pellet was collected. The pellet was characterized through total viable cell count, cell per gram and percentage of viability by using Neubauer’s chamber. The average cell yield per microliter was 2.992±1.527 x 104 cells/µl. SVF per gram of adipose tissues was 2.992±1.527 x 106 cells/g, percentage of viability was 97.98± 0.31%, while non-viable cell count was 2.02&plu...
Rana Mahmood Ahmad*, Orooba Mohammed Maeed Ibrahim
...aluated using the cotton pellet-induced granuloma method. Decreasing granuloma weight suggests that the proliferative phase has been successfully suppressed. In the current study, treatment with clove oil extract on infected rats significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α value after nine days of treatment, which are central inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. Clove oil extract also incr...
Limbang Kustiawan Nuswantara, Eko Pangestu, Marry Christiyanto, Santoso Dwi Pratomo, Elyza Zahrotul Muhtaromah
...f flour and then made in pellets. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) based on grouping body weights consisting of 4 groups and 4 treatments. The treatment applied was a balance of feed in the form of forage elephant grass with different levels concentrat of 25, 50 and 75%, and control treatment in the form of rations that are usually given by farmers. The parameters observed were Dry Matter digestibility (DMD), Organic Matter dige...
Taghreed Jabbar Humadai*, Bushra Ibrahim AL-Kaisei
...led water and normal rat pellet, the second group: Consisted of 20 rats injected weekly 0.5µg /kg. b.w. by I/P route which represented 1/20 LD50 of tetrodotoxin, the third group: It also consisted of 20 rats injected weekly 1 µg /kg. b.w. by I/P route which represented 1/10 LD50 of tetrodotoxin. At the end of experiment (90 days) all animals were scarified for study the biochemical, histopathological investigations and Immunohistochemistry study. T...
Taghreed Jabbar Humadai*, Bushra Ibrahim Al-Kaisei
...tilled water and regular pellets. Second group of 20 rats received weekly injections of 0.5 µg/kg b.w. by I/P route, which was equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of tetrodotoxin. Third group of 20 rats received weekly injections of 1 µg/kg b.w. by I/P route, which was equivalent to 1/10 LD50 of tetrodotoxin. All animals were sacrificed at the conclusion of the experiment (90 days) in order to conduct biochemical, histopathological, and Immunohistochemical ana...
Shahzad Aslam1*, Amjad Rashid Kayani2, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf3, Muhammad Azhar Jameel2 and Kiran Sahar4
...ried out using 150 fecal pellets, collected from study area. The microhistological fecal analysis showed the presence of 29 dietary plant species as compared to 30 plant species observed in the field. No animal derived food component was noticed in the diet. The results revealed that food composition consisted of 83% plants diet, 14% provisioned food items and 03% scavenging on garbage bins. To study food resource preference, the monkeys were classified into f...
Hanita Fadhilla1, Shafia Khairani1,2*, Ahmad Fitrah3, Wendi Prameswari4, Nur Purba Priambada4, Indri Saptorini4, Imam Arifin4
...s revealed there were 29 pellets identified in the regions of the head (28%), the neck (7%), the shoulder (14%), the forelimb (10%), the thorax (21%), the abdomen (3%), the pelvis (10%), and the hindlimb (7%). Surgery was performed to remove 16 pellets, with 9 being subcutaneous and 7 intramuscular. Other pathology gross anatomy findings include encapsulated pellets, entry wounds, and dama...
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Clinical Evaluation and Pathological Findings of Air Rifle Shot in Slow Lorises (Nycticebus spp.) At The Animal Rehabilitation Center of Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia (YIARI) Bogor Regency
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Comparative Study of Production Performance and Income of Bali Cattle Farmers at Different Altitudes and Maintenance Typologies
Hilarius Yosef Sikone, Gomera Bouk, Edelnia Kristina Bere, Yohana Kamlasi, Elisabeth Yulia Nugraha
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Md. Khayrul Basher, Sumon Sarkar, Md. Samiul Haque, Sourav Sarker, Md. Rashedul Islam
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Evy Rossi, Fajar Restuhadi, Raswen Efendi, Yusmarini, Rahmayuni, Emma Riftyan, Bisma Panca Winata, Yolanda Ashara, Usman Pato
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