Hina Fatima1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2
...ed, otherwise suboptimal output will be produced. Governmental check and regulation is also needed, dealers often sell fake seed varieties which discourages, the production and use of the original seed, and also the technological development....
Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai
...rmers. Hence the average output of Non-BT cotton and BT-cotton farms could be increased by 30 and 10 percent, respectively by adopting the technology with an appropriate approach. The results of the inefficiency model reveal that the factors like education, experience and distance from the main market, are the most influential determinants of the technical efficiency in both NonBT and BT- cotton farms. Extension of cotton production required the development of...
Felwa A. Thagfan1, Mohamed A. Dkhil1,2* and Saleh Al-Quraishy1
...ced the number of oocyst output in mice faeces by about 56.8 % and also improved the body weight. In addition, the root extract decreased the number of parasitic stages and the number of goblet cells in the jejunal villi in the infected mice. Moreover, the expression of the goblet cell mucin gene, muc2 was upregulated after treatment with the root extract. Based on our results, it could be concluded that, S. persica root extracts acts as anticoccidial a...
Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan
...nputs for receiving more output. A comprehensive agricultural policy is required based on support price of vegetables; subsidize the input resources, improvement in vegetable markets and provision of extension services....
Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin
... changes in cotton-melon output to change inputs reflected by the allocative efficiency analysis. It is indispensable that policies aimed at adapting innovative farming techniques must be implemented in an efficient manner. Effectively implementation of agricultural schemes, formal education and in-formal education should be realized. During and after conducting the agricultural research, it is needed to recommend the farmers about the rate of inputs applicati...
Zeeshan Haider, Inayatullah Jan and Waqar Akram
...acilities, and input and output markets which resulted in increased cost of production and decreased farm productivity of tomato. This further resulted in decreased net income of farmers from tomato crop. The study concludes that poverty in these areas can be alleviated if the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play their role in promoting social cohesion and management of any conflict in future....
Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...d forecasting inputs and outputs by marketing, production, protection and processing, and other essential information provided through a decision support system (DSS), in an agriinformatics networking such that is not ordinarily available to Indian farmers in general. Due to Precision Farming (PF), production increased by 40 to 60 percent farmers’ margins of the produce and reduction of the commission charged by the middlemen to 7-10 percent. Further, ba...
Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3
...conometrics software the output of the Frontier 4.1 was found good fit. The findings of the study showed that technical efficiency ranges from 0.83 to 0.99 with the mean technical efficiency of 0.93. The findings further shows that among the inefficiency factors experience was significantly contributing to the technical efficiency of the farmers. On the basis of this study it is recommended that tomato growers in the study area need to increase the number of s...
Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1
... combine to give maximum output still needs lots of research. The experiment was conducted during wheat season 2014-15 on a selected water eroded site in District Swabi. Fourteen treatments viz the control (T1), recommended dose (RD) (120:90:60 kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O. T2), four combinations of farmyard manure (FYM) i.e 20, 15, 10 and 5 t ha-1 with 0, 25, 50, 75% of the RD (T3, T4, T5, T6, respectively), four combinations of poultry manure (PM) i.e. 10, 7.5, 5 an...
Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3
...ute to increase the rice output. Moreover, this study estimated the sources of inefficiency. Data collected from 300 sample rice farmers into the Kharif cycle (2013-14) at five main rice growing districts of Punjab namely: Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Jhang, Vehari, and Gujranwala. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) was applied to find the results of a study. Study results reveal that direct seeding method is more profitable for dry rice farmers in terms of yield a...
Akerele Dare*, Ashaolu Olumuyiwa Fowowe, Sanusi Rahman Akintayo and Egbetade Adedolapo
...eme Fund on agricultural outputs in three different agricultural subsectors in Nigeria. Data on the value of output of crop, livestock and fishery subsectors of agriculture,and the amounts of the fund allocated to each subsector from 1982 to 2013 were subjected to econometrics (time series) analysis. Results established positive and statistically significant influence of the amount of fund apportioned to crop (p<0.01) and...
Mubashir Hussain1,Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3 and Sohail Latif4
...nce value. The input and output data was also collected to find out the socioeconomic feasibility of the techniques. The comparative analysis of seed bank extraction methods revealed higher weed seeds density, weed frequency with more diversity of weed species under sieving method in comparison to seedling emergence method. Therefore, sieving method was considered superior over seedling emergence method. The feasibility analysis of seed bank extraction methods...
Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
... small farmers from farm output was higher than the undeveloped villages of these districts due to the high sale price of vegetables grown on large area and more milk production. Similarly, in developed villages income from off-farm employment was more than undeveloped villages. Because large number of family labors of sample respondents were working on high paid jobs or employed else or self-employed and thus contributed a good amount to their family’s ...
İbrahim Aytekin1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Koksal Karadas3, Rifat Akşahan4 and İsmail Keskin1
... final live weight as an output variable, several continuous predictors evaluated in the current study were: withers height (WH), back height (BH), front rump height (FRH), back rump height (BRH), body length (BL), back rump width (BRW), chest depth (CD) and chest circumference (CC). Also, the breed factor was considered as a nominal predictor and fattening period (FP) was accepted as an ordinal predictor. To obtain the prediction equation, the results of Mult...
Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1
...t role in increasing the output efficiency of strawberry farmers in the study area. ...
Saima Akhtar Qureshi1 and Asim Anwar2*, Ather Maqsood Ahmed3
...) and compared input and output outcomes of IPM and NON-IPM farms and provided a detailed evidence of overall production of both farms. The results suggest that IPM farms yield 4.8 percent higher output/hectare than NON-IPM farms and used3.6 percent lower inputs. ...
Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*
...year to year basis while output prices remained same over the year. The Government should effectively control the input prices to avoid the exploitation of farmers. Extension efforts are required to disseminate suitable canola technologies including high yield, short duration varieties to maximize the returns of canola growers. Public efforts are urgently required to ensure timely disposal of canola produce and prompt payment....
Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*
COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
...ibute significantly. The output-input ratios of AZRI-06, NM- -1 -1 06 and NM-98 were 3.05, 2.79 and 2.41 with revenue crop day acre of Rs.451, Rs.368 and Rs.318, respectively. AZRI-06 variety showed higher -1 profitability level with higher output-input ratio and revenue crop day -1 acre . Adopting improved technology in mungbean production would further increase the returns at the farm level....
Samiullah*, Mehmood Shah*, Kalim Ullah**, Rehmat Ullah*** and Ibrarullah****
PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...age production of wheat (output) was estimated to -1 -1 be 1618.40 kg acre . Thus the gross return was Rs. 45315.39 acre , whereas the net return (profit) from wheat production was Rs. 20599.07 -1 acre . It is thus concluded that profit is under the direct positive influence of price and output of wheat grain whereas cost had negatively affected the wheat profitability. ...
Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*
IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...as 0.71. To increase the output of sugarcane in the country, government may resolve the identified hurdles by providing subsidy on major inputs to raise the returns of sugarcane farmers....
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi* and Abdul Jabbar**
SEAFOOD EXPORTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
...012-13. Not only seafood output in the country is low but dwindling to the disastrous level. Export of seafood has increased from 131,620 t (a value of US$ 315.5 million) in 2011-12 to 136,360 t (a value of US$ 333.13 million) in 2012-13, with an annual increase of 9.5% in term of quantity and 4.5% in term of value. Decline in seafood resources, lack of shrimp culture, insufficient facilities at fish markets, inadequate fishing policies and low export prices o...
Waqar Akhtar*, Muhammad Sharif**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla*** and Muhammad Azeem Khan*
COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...e effects of policies on output and tradable input market did not pass any protection to tomato farmers in the study area. Net effect of policy or market failure is reducing the profitability of tomato producers at farm level which indicates lack of motivation from policies for farmers to expand tomato production as import substitute crop. Present study recommended competitiveness and economic efficiency analysis in other tomato producing regions of the countr...
Shafique Qadir Memon* , Nadeem Amjad** and Riaz Ahmed Dayo***
INVESTIGATION ENERGY AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF MAIZE PRODUCATION
...he basis of yield, input/output energy of maize crop. NPK had the maximum output energy gain as compared to cow manure and control treatment gave the lowest output energy. Cow manure used high energy as compared to NPK and control. The results further revealed that other NPK fertilizer treatments were affected by the high input costs thus maximum benefits were achieved. It is interesting t...
Nusrat Habib*
RELATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER IN DISTRICT SWABI AND MARDAN
...tudy results showed that outputinput ratio of tobacco were 3.09 followed by 3.01 of sugarcane. While sunflower's output-input ratio was only 1.86, which was very low than both of the competing crops (tobacco and sugarcane). In terms of net profit nonadopters of sunflower were earning more income than adopters of sunflower with lesser profit. This economic benefit in other crops was the major reason for sunflower non-adoption...
Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan
...nputs for given level of output if inputs were allocated efficiently. The estimated coefficient of output in the stochastic cost frontier was -0.159 and statistically significant at 5% significant level which implies that output level need to be increased which ultimately leads to decrease inefficiency of resources allocation. In allocative inefficiency effect model, estimates of educatio...
Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1
... setting right price for output to increase net return and per unit yield. ...
Amjad Ali1, Rajan Shrestha2, Ghaffar Ali1, Irfan Ullah1 and Salman Khan1
... setting right price for output to increase net return and per unit yield. ...
Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid
...vel can increase broiler output by 8% to reach to the frontier output by using best management practices with available farm resources and technology. Results further revealed that day old checks, feed intake and labor have positive and significant effect on broiler output. Technical inefficiency results showed that estimated coefficients of age of broiler farmers, education and experience...
Shahid Ali1* and Salamat Ali2
...eed for highest possible output is a good option for open shed farmers.
...
...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...l factors on AFFLW as an output variable for male and female crossbred cattle. Several predictors in the current survey were province (Erzurum, Igdir, Kars and Agri), farmer age, educational level (illiterate, primary school, secondary school, high school, and college), social security (available and unavailable), husbandry experience of farmer (year), farmer`s irrigated, dry and pasturage land, live weight before fattening, and fattening period. Predictive ac...
Usman Shakoor1, Ali Nasir2, Mudassar Rashid1, Muhammad Iftikhar-ul-Husnain1, Nabila Khurshid1 and Zuhair Husnain2
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
...ening weight (FFW) as an output variable at domestic beef cattle enterprises from the Eastern part of Turkey. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) as a non-parametric analysis technique was preferred in the description of the influential factors and their interaction effects for each gender. Some probable factors such as age, province, education level, experience, social security, lands, and the reason at performing animal production were recorded o...
Xi-wen Chen1,2, Qian Wang1,3, Miao Yin1, Zhong-hui Pu1,2, Ai-wei Guo3, Lian Li 1,3, Wen-tao Luo1,3 and Xiong-qing Wang1,*
...rature of 65 °C. The output of the RT-LAMP assay was visualized using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis or color change after the addition of the SYBR Green I dye. The RT-LAMP method was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than RT-PCR for PRRSV detection. The assay was also specific for PRRSV and did not cross react with CSFV, PCV-2, PPV or PRV. In clinical samples (n=5) RT-PCR and RT-LAMP both identified the same 2 PRRSV infected samples. Thus, the novel R...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
...nship among agricultural output and agricultural formal credit, cropped area, labor force participating in the agriculture sector, trade openness has been quantified through various econometric approaches in the study. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound testing approach has been applied to analyze the long run cointegration among variables, obtaining annual time series data from 1973 to 2014. An empirical estimation of ARDL approach has indicated the ...
Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan1
...nship between inputs and output of wheat. Per acre yield of wheat production in district Mardan was 1809.032 kgs. while in district Peshawar it was 2143.230 kgs. Total cost of wheat per acre in district Peshawar was more than that of district Mardan. The net revenue from per acre wheat production was high in district Peshawar as compared to district Mardan. The results revealed that all the inputs including seed, irrigation, labor, fertilizer, pesticides and t...
Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah6
...nd Beoparis credited the output of peas from the farmers directly from the local market that is Mansehra and Haripur. It is worthwhile to mention that the public sale arrangement was not totally available in the local markets. Furthermore, the 68 percent in district Mansehra while, in the Haripur 46 percent farmers traded the pea’s output in the local markets. The left over peas output
Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai1
... without any decrease in output level. Attractive output prices, timely payment and provision of quality extension services would help farmers to redirect their scarce resource allocation and reduce allocative inefficiency. ...
Daniel Zaborski,1,* Muhammad Ali,2 Ecevit Eyduran,3 Wilhelm Grzesiak,1 Mohammad Masood Tariq,2 Ferhat Abbas,2 Abdul Waheed4 and Cem Tirink5
...LW) and seven dependent (output) variables (services per conception - SPC, service period - SP, lambing interval - LI, twinning rate - TR, gestation length - GL, breeding efficiency - BE and fertility rate - FR) were used. A 10-fold cross-validation was applied to train and evaluate the models. The highest correlation coefficients (r) were found for LI (0.18 - 0.29; P≤0.001), GL (0.05 - 0.21; P≤0.001 to P>0.05) and FR (0.11 - 0.26; P&...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...ck and drop of input and output; Several farm plots should be combined and modern farming be practiced on the farm for enhancement of rice productivity in the study area. ...
Supply Response Analysis of Wheat Growers in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Farm Level Analysis
Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...y;">This study estimated output supply and input demand elasticities of wheat growers in district Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 160 wheat growers were selected through multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through well designed interview schedule. Normalized restricted trans log profit function was first approximated for further estimation of output supply and...
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...ive period for which the output factors [(chicken survival rate (%), egg yield (%)] are optimized at the same time and the appropriate value ranges for the input factors [temperature (oC), humidity (%) and feed per hen (g)] that provide effectiveness ii) Determination of targeted improvement values for the ineffective months to become effective. With this hybrid approach, which is based on the integration of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and G...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
...garding prices of cotton output and inputs and provision of adequate formal credit to use advance mechanization to increase cultivated area and rising productivity of the cotton crop. Application of adequate advanced technology and familiarity of expertise in farming practices can overcome inefficiencies in both districts with cultivating varieties of Bt and Non-Bt cottonseed. ...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Sidra Mushtaq1, Muhammad Tariq Malik2, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Shoaib Fareed3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...roduct quality, economic output and its potential against insect pest or disease. ...
Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz2
...and irrigation increases output by 0.81, 0.02, 0.28, 0.14, 0.25 and 0.02 percent, respectively. Mean technical efficiency score was found 95% ranges from 86% to 99%. This means an average farmer can increase tomato output by 4% with available resources and technology. Results of inefficiency effect model indicated that farmers’ experience has negative and significant relationship with technical inefficiency. Efforts sh...
Muhammad Noman, Yong Tong Mu*, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon and Muhammad Talib Kalhoro
...d to analyze the fishery output (FO) and fishery input (FI) data of Scomberomorus spp. to evaluate their fishery stock status in Pakistani marine waters from Balochistan coastline.Three surplus production models (SPMs) viz. Fox (F-M), Schaefer (S-M) and Pella-Tomlinson (PT-M) along with three error assumptions (EAs), log (L-EA), log normal (LN-EA) and gamma (G-EA), were used in CEDA while two SPMs, Fox (F-M) and logistic (L-M) were used in...
Po Bunnika, Khalid Khan and Guo Xiangyu*
... increasing agricultural output.
...
Wajid Shah Yousafzai1, Irfan Ullah1*, Amjad Ali1, Mahmood Iqbal2 and Salman Khan1
...ut contribution in total output. The concept of Marginal Value Products and Marginal Factor Cost was used to calculate Allocative Efficiency. Ordinary Least Square technique was used to drive linear production function. The results revealed that Tractor (hrs), Labor (M-days), FYM (kg), chemical fertilizer (kg), pesticide/weedicide (ml), and irrigation numbers have positive effects on onion production in the research area. Allocative efficiency estimates showed...
Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2
... resource allocation and output of Basmati rice. Supply response analysis was carried out to quantify the response of farmers to price and non-price factors. Most of the literature on supply response of crops in Pakistan has relied on the assumption that the data series used for analyses were stationary while most of time series are in fact trended. This makes the results of many earlier studies unreliable. This study uses the modern time series approach of co...
Muhammad Bakhtiar Khan1 and Jangraiz Khan2*
...pared. It was found that output per acre in tunnel was significantly higher than that of without tunnel. All the three vegetables viz tomato, cucumber and bottle gourd gave higher revenue, however tomato gave the highest return. Growing vegetables through tunnel farming involve higher cost in the shape of structure installation and inputs. Tunnel-farming is scientific farming and the growers need to be properly educated and trained. Establishing of cold storag...
Gulfam Hassan1*, Ijaz Ashraf2, Muhammad Qavi Irshad3, Shafiq-ur-Rehman Zia2 and Muhammad Idrees4
...access inputs and market outputs easily. Lack of sufficient training and low technical efficiency are some common barriers in low productivity of vegetables in Pakistan. This study assesses strengths and weaknesses of trainings conducted by public sector extension in peri-urban areas of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Two hundred and eight vegetable growers were interviewed using a validated and reliable interview schedule. Findings reveal that cooperation of training s...
Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...arm households from farm output was higher than the underdeveloped villages due to the high sale price of vegetables grown on large area and more milk production. Similarly, in developed villages income from off-farm employment was more than underdeveloped villages. Because large number of family labors of small farmers were working on high paid jobs or employed else or self-employed and thus contributed a good amount to their family’s income. Firstly, f...
Jun Yan Bai*, Hong Deng Fan, Shuai Yang, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao, Xiao Hong Wu, You Zhi Pang and Kun Peng Shi
...sexual maturity, big egg output and short production period. To recognize molecular markers of egg quality of quail, SNP in control regions of cytogenin gene (MyoG) 5’ in China yellow quail, Beijing white quail, Korean quail detected by PCR-SSCP method in this study. Moreover, correlations of control regions of MyoG 5’ with egg quality of quail were analyzed. Results demonstrated that: In egg quail group, six genotypes were detected in Locus A in t...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
...mined the classes of the outputs data (average milk) through the input data (calving age, milking days, number of lactation and insemination). Applying deep neural networks, we established that average classification success of the system was 69.23% as a result of 6-Layers Cross-Verification Test which is commonly used in the literature for small datasets. In these datasets, it was found that 84 animals had GOOD, 39 animals carried POOR and 33 animals possesse...
Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sufyan Ullah Khan2
...n was estimated to model output of maize growers. Results of stochastic frontier model revealed that tractor hours, labor and FYM positively and significantly affected yield of maize. Average technical efficiency was predicted to be 0.68 ranging from 0.31 to 0.91; implies that an average maize farm can increase yield by 33 percent with existing technology. Technical inefficiency effect model identified that education and farming experience has negative and sig...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Mudasser Nazir2, Aneela Hameed3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal5
...spacing: -0.1px;"> gland output, which is not due to residual milk removal. OT also improves the persistency of lactation. Receptor blockade of oxytocin causes milk ejection inhibition. OT injections cause increased OT blood levels which results in the prolonged myoepithelial and alveolar contractions that ultimately increase milk yield. Milk composition especially protein, fat, lactose and mineral concentration are influenced by exogenous OT administration. I...
Ahmad Kiani1*, Shapour Zarifian1, Hosein Kouhestani1 and Hosein Karimzadeh2
...al sector. Moreover, the output of research shows some geographical factors like climate and geology have the least importance as to development and establishment of industries in the rural areas, and they are not paramount obstacle to be dealt with in order to contribute rural industrialization. ...
Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola
...men concentration, sperm output, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities) from 26-52 weeks of age and sexual ornaments’ morphometry (Comb Length-CL, Comb Height-CH, Wattle Length-WL, Wattle Height-WH and Inter Pubic Distance-IPD) from 16-24 weeks of age. Data on onset of puberty and semen quality parameters were subjected to Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with body weight at puberty as a covariate while morphometry measurements were subjected to Spearman...
Sahibzada Abdur Rehman Abid1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Asma Gul3, Nasir Ahmad1
PASHTO OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORK
...r, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input layer is composed of 315 neurons, which receive the
pixels data i.e. binary data from a 21x15 symbol pixel matrix. The hidden layer contains 2000 neurons which has
been chosen after testing based on optimal result, while the output layer is composed of 6 neurons. As the joinable
Pashto characters on different locations in text change its size and shapes, a...
pixels data i.e. binary data from a 21x15 symbol pixel matrix. The hidden layer contains 2000 neurons which has
been chosen after testing based on optimal result, while the output layer is composed of 6 neurons. As the joinable
Pashto characters on different locations in text change its size and shapes, a...
Kulsoom Iftikhar1, Shahzad Anwar1, Izhar Ul Haq1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1 and Sayed Riaz Akbar1
AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
...rons each
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provided by Wisconsin and Essex Universities. For th...
and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and
radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or
malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of
previously extracted features provided by Wisconsin and Essex Universities. For th...
Muneeb Abrar1, Shabbir Majeed Chaudhry2
DESIGN OF A LOW NOISE, LOW POWER AND SPURIOUS FREE PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR AND CHARGE PUMP FOR PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS
...to reduce the delay. The output is passed through a buffer to suppress the
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clock feed th...
distortion and to reduce the overall output noise. Phase noise has been reduced to -156 (dBc/Hz) at 1 MHz offset
frequency. A simple current mirror based charge pump circuit is presented next. The charge pump design incorporates
the use of transmission gates and transistors as capacitors to reduce switching error and clock feed th...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Tashfeen Ali*, Khubroo Jamil*
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW VOLTAGE AC TO DC CONVERTER FOR MESO AND MICRO ENERGY HARVESTERS
...in nature, moreover, the output voltage levels these produce are in
low (in mV range). For sensor operation, in order to convert this low AC voltage levels into relatively high DC
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed. The paper presents fabrication and characterization
of a 3 stage Low Voltage Cockcroft-Walton converter in an area of 5.5 x 3.3 cm2. The converter was capable
of converting a minimum AC vol...
low (in mV range). For sensor operation, in order to convert this low AC voltage levels into relatively high DC
voltage DC, a three stage Cockcroft Walton converter is developed. The paper presents fabrication and characterization
of a 3 stage Low Voltage Cockcroft-Walton converter in an area of 5.5 x 3.3 cm2. The converter was capable
of converting a minimum AC vol...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider*
MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
...eover, the dependence of output power on various parameters
of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the
major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters of the
waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, desi...
of waterwheel is also investigated during simulations. It is found, during analysis that the water flow velocity is the
major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters of the
waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, desi...
Numan Ahmad, Shahid Bashirand Shahid Rauf
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...urized Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications having capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A very co...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Atal Khattak*
DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER MANAGEMENT CIRCUIT FOR MICROENERGY HARVESTERS
...r) are connected and the output regulated voltage
provided by the PMC is measured and analyzed. At different input voltage levels (0.5 to 5.5 V) the circuit successfully
regulated to almost a uniform output voltage (2.75 to 2.96 V). With the circuit using a DC power source and
a solar (solar cell) energy harvester a super capacitor is charged to a voltage of 2.75 and 2.05 V in 180 s and 84...
Numan Ahmad1, Shahid Bashir1*, Shahid Rauf1
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...urized Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for Ultra-wideband (UWB) applications having
capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is
etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN
notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight l...
Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2
Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
... approach to get maximum output in existing agricultural production systems. Unselective use of organic manures is often used in the agriculture to improve soil health but it cannot significantly increase yield. Application of organic and inorganic source of nutrients can uplift the economics of existing cotton based production systems by improving soil health and reducing the cost of inorganic nutrients per unit area. This study was executed to quantify the b...
Abroon Jamal Qazi*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Khizar Azam*
A NOVEL APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONTROL
...g to the inputs and output of the controller. Particle swarm optimization method is utilized for its better convergence and precision. The technique results in evaluation of appropriate gains that result in superior performance of the designed system. The models are compared on the basis of suspension displacement and tire displacement for ascertaining ride comfort and road handling attributes respectively.
...
Sikandar Khan*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Abdul Shakoor*
DYNAMIC MODELING AND STARTING BEHAVIOR OF A SMALL HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
...o ADAMS to calculate the output torques. Our analysis shows that most of the starting torque comes from the hub section of the blade. Various changes were incorporated into ADAMS models near the hub region of the wind turbine blade which showed an increase in the staring torque due to an increasein the blade angles and chord lengths. The wind turbine designs for the selected locations of Pakistan were successfully optimizedby improving thei...
Muhammad Qasim Khan1*, Syed Athar Masood1 and Shahzad Naeem Qureshi2
REFORMULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATIONS
...heless, productivity and output of public sector rebuild organizations remains very low despite huge budgetary disbursements. On the contrary, private sector organizations achieve high productivity and output as these organizations work to maximize their profit. This paper attempts to identify reasons for low productivity and reduced output of public sector automobile rebuild organiza...
Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**
CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) cellular mobile communication systems in interference limited environment. The performance is analyzed by calculating the ergodic capacity and hence the spectral efficiency for Rayleigh fading SIMO channel in the presence of unequal power Rayleigh fading co-channel interferes. Expressions for evaluating system’s capacity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) are presented. The analytical results ar...
Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***
DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...deling and discrete fast output sampling control synthesis for PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor)-type nuclear power plant is presented in this paper. The nonlinear dynamic model of PHWR power reactor is developed based on reactor, logarithmic amplifier, moderator level control valve and reactivity system. The nonlinear model is characterized by 15 state variables and one input. This higher order nonlinear model is linearized at full po...
Safina Naz1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4 and Abdur Rehman5
Exogenous Application of Selected Antioxidants and Phyto Development Directors Influenced the Development, Output and Biochemical Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
...elopment, fruit bearing, output along with biochemical attributes of Lycopersicum esculentum fruits during 2014 and 2015. Foliar spray of GA3(100 ppm) and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (200 parts/million and 100 parts/million) give rise to significantly taller plants and greater leaf area while, shorter plants and lower leaf area was recorded in control. Greater leaf number per plant was obtained with application of GA3(100 ppm). This was followed by salicylic acid (2...
Inam Ullah1, Mahfooz Khan2*, Munir Khan2, Himayatullah Khan2 and Azra3
Factors Affecting Different Wheat Varieties Yield in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Comparative Analysis
...rs and its effect on the output of three wheat crops varieties per hectare. Primary data were collected from 150 selected respondents randomly in district Peshawar. For this purpose, the effect of various inputs was separately analyzed using multiple regression model. The empirical results show that for Pirsabaaq-5 wheat variety, the effect of (weedicides) was insignificant. While for Pirsabaaq-8 wheat variety irrigation was found insignificant and for Pirsaba...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
...rices of crop inputs and outputs. It is essential to increase managerial competencies among farmers through increasing literacy, sufficient access of extension services, familiarity and infusion of advanced mechanisation and adequate access of formal credit through implementing adequate policy measures by concerned authorities of the state....
Hassam Ud Din1*, Huma Rizwana1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2, Kaleem Ullah2 and Muhammad Din2
Evaluation of Production Performance and Marketing of Small Ruminants in District Dukki, Balochistan
...6 per animal). The input output ratio in Vialla Dukki was 1:2.03, in Thal was 1:2.01, in Nana Sahib was 1:1.99, in Sadar was 1:1.99 and in Nasar Abad was 1:1.20, respectively. The cost benefit ratio in Vialla Dukki was 1:1.03, in Thal was 1:1.02, in Nana Sahib was 1:0.99, in Sadar was 1:0.99 and in Nasar Abad was 1:1.02, respectively. Maximum net margin (95.05 rupees) were obtained by butcher by sharing (41.81 rupee), than farmer with net margin (61.44 rupees)...
Aamer Sharif1,*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi1 and Riaz Muhammad2
... the ability to maximize output power and efficiency. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is carried out on novel runner and ANSYS (CFX) was used to numerically analyze the water flow over the channel and formed water vortex in a conical basin. The experimental analysis was absorbed by measuring the rotational speed (rpm), torque, output power and efficiency of the vortex turbine. The result showed that efficiency (52.54%) is ...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...>Factors influencing the output of rice produced and choice of marketing outlets among small-holder rural farming households are the main focus to improve rice production and increase the income of the farmers. Primary data were used for this study. Data were obtained using a well-designed well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to two hundred and seven (207) small-holder rural rice farming households. Multi-stage sampling technique...
Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal3, Iftikhar Zeb1,4 and Muhammad Azeem Khan1,5
...ne water. The instrument output showed that soil texture has profound effect on soil total water potential rising the water potential up to −4.56 for coarse soil and −9.11 MPa for fine textured soil. The instrument recorded a slow salt buildup in the coarse textured sandy soil which finally achieved a steady state after exhausting its maximum adsorption capacity. Whereas in the fine textured silt loam soil, a decreasing trend for the total water po...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
...e society minimizes. The output of the family farm is high productivity and enhancement in farm income. Directly or indirectly, family farming leads to the food security situation and uplifts people’s living quality. All the rural farm families residing in district Mansehra served as the population for the study. In order to have a representation of the entire population, female respondents from the study area were drawn randomly. A total sample size of ...
Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4
...ole of water in economic output, job creation, household sustenance, and industrial growth depends on the kind of water systems and policies a country develops and implements. Due to its value and importance in all aspects of life, water is a highly political issue. The purpose of this study is to explore the water policies of Pakistan (2017) and India (2012) through quantitative analysis of textual data. The text mining of these water policies enables to anal...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
...ith each other well. The output maps indicate that the approximated total possible soil loss annually of about 92.6 million tons is equivalent to the calculated sediments of 148 tons/ha. Chakwal watershed is acutely facing severe erosion due to its soil characteristics and topography. The outputs generated from this research are a way forward to plan and implement strategies for combating erosion and natural resources protec...
Muhammad Qaddafi Khan Wali, Arif Alam* and Ikram Shah
...ence agriculture. As the output from agriculture very low, the mountain zones experience the ill effects of food insecurity. This study scrutinizes food security status in the mountainous territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and proposes actions to achieve food security. A contextual investigation of 3 tehsils, situated in all the Haveli area, was led and an all-out number of 351 sampled households were reached through a simple random sampling strategy using ...
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
...Analysis. The results of output- and input-oriented constant return-to-scale (CRS) analysis indicated an average efficiency value of 59.34%. The output- and input-oriented variable return-to-scale (VRS) analysis showed average efficiencies of 75.42% and 78.95%, respectively. The efficiency of the beekeeping farms and the beekeeping experience were positively correlated. Both the output- an...
Ahmed A. ElWakil1, Ausama A. Yousif2 , Adel A. Fayed3, Ibrahim M. elsabagh2, Mahmoud
El Gamal2, Omnia H. Refaei3
...revealed a LSDV sequence output that was nearly equal to sequence output of different bacteria
known to replicate in ticks.
Conclusion: The modified RT-PCR assay used to detect the polyadenylated LSDV DNA polymerase
mRNA in combination with data generated using metagenomics analysis provided additional support
to the hypothesis that LSDV can replicate in ticks and, warrants fur...
Pukhtoon Yar1*, Salman Khan2, Du Ying1 and Muhammad Israr3
...l boost the agricultural output, provide job opportunities and poverty eradication. ...
Jehan Dastagir, Muhammad Amir*, Bilal Ur Rehman, Shahid Hameed and Majad Ashraf
...ned flavors based on its output performance. The most active objective of the proposed research presented in this paper was to modify the already chosen TCP Westwood protocol and to come up with a new variant of it proposed here namely as “TCP New-Westwood” for providing a higher degree of TCP congestion control.
...
Hina Afzal*, Sarfraz Hassan, Muhammad Khalid Bashir and Asghar Ali
...roduction of the desired output by combining factor inputs. The study focused on estimating total factor productivity growth in Pakistan’s economy and particularly in the agriculture sector. For this purpose, the study utilizes the growth accounting technique to obtain reliable estimates of total factor productivity. The study covered total factor productivity growth period from 1973-2020. Results indicated that the overall economy average TFP growth rat...
Sami Ullah1, Bernhard Brümmer2 and Umar Ijaz Ahmed1*
...ficient, indicating that output can be increased by 15% by enhancing the efficiency of the dairy farms. The study reveals that extension services enhance the technical efficiency of dairy farmers by imparting better management and disease control skills. Extended extension services are recommended, alongside quality training programmes and the provision of improved crossbred cattle and buffalos to ensure good quality breeds....
Nianhong Huang, Yan Wu, Yuanyuan Li* and Jinhong Zhao*
...th rate and reproductive output. Given that snakes are a valuable source of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and food consumption, stresses the importance of conducting a study on snakes and its parasites. The present study investigated three kinds of snakes, Elaphe carinata, Naja atra and Ptyas mucosus from Wuhu, Anhui province, China. The results show that Hepatozoon sp.were only detected and characterized found in t...
Hina Fatima1*, Bushra Yasmin2 and Lal Khan Almas3
...rinsically, the apparent output gap is due to inefficient utilization of inputs within given farm resources that can be improved by proper farm management practices, enhancing farmers’ knowledge regarding inputs quality and its time-effective utilization in addition to the marketing information about availability of innovative inputs. This is learned from the results that multiple cropping under tunnels appeared as a cutting-edge system among the prevale...
Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1
...s determine the level of output in agriculture. This study therefore attempted to investigate determinants of rice yield in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A random sample of 275 rice growers was selected from district Swabi, using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data from rice growers. Through Cobb-Douglas type production function (CDPF) data was analyzed. Results indicated that 1 percent...
Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2 and Tilahun Bekele3
...lity led to a decline in output. Due to this fact, the studies were assessing the production trend with their bottlenecks, and identify the determinant of tea productivity and inefficiency through Cobb Douglas and stochastic frontier model. Data from a primary and secondary source of information were used from 135 tea out-growers. Based on the results, year 2017-018 has been used as production/base year. However, the productivity of tea in the 2020 produ...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sehar Khalid3, Rimsha Kanwal2, Iqra Ameer1, Sadia Nawaz1 Aamir Khan4, Abid Ur Rehman5, Muqaddas Kousar6, Shafa Ullah Khan7 and Nadia Nazir7
...ich in turn decrease the output of the aquaculture. To overcome these issues, herbal products are used in aquaculture and these are the perfect immune stimulator, antibiotic alternative and growth promotor. The current research was conducted to assess the effect of variant level of Agaricus bisporus on immunity and haematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 120 healthy fishes with average weight 24.0 ± 12.5g were distributed randomly...
Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mushtaq Ali2, Tahira Tabassum3 and Adnan Bashir1
...rative for enhancing the output of rice-wheat cropping system. Hence, two-year study was accomplished to find out the differences in growth, crop maturation duration, yield and economic benefits of Basmati rice varieties (Super Basmati, PK-1121 aromatic, Chenab Basmati, Kissan Basmati, Punjab Basmati, Noor Basmati and NIAB Basmati 2016) in Gujranwala rice-wheat cropping zone. Among all varieties, NIAB Basmati 2016 produced the greatest plant height. However, K...
Abdul Wadood Khan1, Sabahat Subhan1*, Asif Ali Abro2 and Riaz Shahid3
...x, the data of input and output were employed respectively. The data of GDP, capital and labour was used in the agriculture sector for obtaining the agriculture TFP of Pakistan. In addition, the time-series data from 1980-2018 was taken from various publications and official resources. For the period study the estimated annual average of agriculture TFP growth was 2.14% and it contributes 58% to overall agriculture output. T...
Man-Seok Shin1, Hyun-Ju Cho2 and Eun-Jae Lee3*
...py Model (MaxEnt). Model output can help guide management of nuisance egret and heron rookeries in urban forests of Daejeon Metropolitan City, Korea. This study examined 126 locations regarded as breeding sites of egrets and herons at the nationwide census conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Research between 2019 and 2020. In addition, 252 randomly selected locations were used to identify the significant variables among a total of 15 environme...
A. El-Shemy1*, Hoda M. Mekky2, M. A. Bosila2, A. M. Allam1, Kh. M. Elbayoumi2, M. M. Amer3
...us-1 (DHAV-1) showed the output of the amplified band in all examined specimens at the certain supposed size of the 3D encoding gene (467 bp). The successfully amplified 3D gene of DHAV-1 isolates, namely DHV/Duck/Egypt/Monofia-Shemy-1/2018, DHV/Duck/Egypt/Al-Gharbia-Shemy-3/2018, and DHV/Duck/Egypt/Monofia-Shemy-2/2018, was subjected to sequencing and then submitted to NCBI GenBank, and the obtained accession numbers are MT157210, MT157211,and MT157212, respe...
Qian Chong1, Muhammad Mohsin2*, Zhu Ting1, Chen Qiqi1 and Ana Mehak3
...portion (IP = 0.9), CEDA output showed higher values of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) (480000 – 614000 t) as compared to ASPIC (468000 – 583000 t). Similarly, R2 values followed the pattern of estimation with MSY. Research findings signpost overexploitation of T. lepturus. Therefore, it is recommended to lower the catch quantity of T. lepturus to safeguard this fishery resource for the future. Besides, further analogous research is strongly advis...
Zhang Yan1,2 and Muhammad Mohsin3*
... Meanwhile, in CEDA, MSY outputs remained 72,082 t and 80,723 t (on average) for F-M and Schaefer Model (S-M) or Pella-Tomlinson Model (PT-M), correspondingly. Besides, it was found that fishing mortality (F) has increased from 0.510 (2007) to 1.099 (2018) whereas biomass t has decreased from 320,100 t (2007) to 68,890 t (2018), F-M in ASPIC. Estimated parameter values vividly signpost overharvesting of T. lepturus in Shandong, China. Thus, current management ...
Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan1
...wers can rise their rice output by increasing labor hours and urea application during the production process. Inefficiency effects model showed a negative and significant relationship of inefficiency with farmers’ education and farming experience, so government is recommended to facilitate farmers with formal as well as informal education and proper trainings regarding rice farming for efficient utilization of available resources....
Nurul Isnaini1*, Ervin Kusuma Dewi Reksadinata1, Faizal Andri1, Tri Harsi2, Ida Zahidah Irfan2
...performance, Total sperm output ...
Ibrahim El-Ratel1*, Mostafa El-Moghazy2, Amira El-Gaml2, Ibrahim Abu El-Naser2
...of membrane, total sperm output, sperm concentration, sperm mitochondrial potential, and initial semen fructose. All PEE levels increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, immunoglobulin, and antibody titer, while reduced lysozyme. All PEE levels improved antioxidants capacity, while reduced malondialdehyde in blood serum and in seminal plasma. Advanced motility, membrane integrity, livability and sperm viability were impro...
Asim Zubair1*, Zohaib Atta Mehdie2, Iffat Batool3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Ayesha Aziz5
...hey are depending on the output of their farms which is affecting severely. This study was conducted in district Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan....
Rana Aamir Shehzad1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Sabir Hussain Shah2, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1, Sher Muhammad2, Muhammad Aftab3, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Imran Shehzad1 and Usman Saleem4
...or achieving the optimum output....
Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf
...5) feed intake, and milk output than mothers in the DLT group. At all experimental ages, the body weight of the separated offspring from their mothers was considerably lower than that of the DLT group (P<0.05). Concentrations of blood biochemical and hormonal levels were affected (P<0.05) due to separation. On day 7, the antioxidant enzyme activities were considerably lower (P<0.05) in the DLS group of rabbits than in the DLT group of animals. It can ...
Shabana Memon1*, Aamir Ali Abro1, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro2, Aqsa Farid3, Maliha Habib4, Maqbool Ahmed5, Liaquat Ali Bhutto6, Saba Ambreen Memon7 and Muhammad Farooq8*
... effects it has on wheat output. For improving production in water-scarce locations, screening drought-tolerant wheat cultivars is crucial. At the Plant Physiology Division of NIA, Tando Jam, the current experiment was conducted during the Rabi year of 2021. At both the P0.01 and P0.05 probability levels, the growth measurements at the seedling stage revealed extremely significant variations for all characteristics among genotypes, treatments, and interactions...
Doaa H. Assar1, Rasha A. Al-Wakeel2, Zizy I. Elbialy3, Mahmoud M. El-Maghraby4, Helmy K. Zaghlool5, Adel A. El-Badawy4, Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel-Khalek6*
...ell as concentration and output of sperm cells were significantly by SPL. In serum and seminal plasma, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased, while malondialdehyde significantly decreased in SPL groups. Based on our results, spirulina as a dietary feed additive (5 g/kg diet) could be used safely for improving growth, health, antioxidant defense system, and semen quality of growing cross-bred ram lambs f...
Riaz Muhammad1*, Aamer Sharif2 and Muftooh ur Rehman Siddiqi³
...ed which results in high output power and efficiency. However, the water disturbance, weak shape vortex formation and decrease in the vortex height and rotational speed occurred at a minimum and maximum inlet head of 0.6 m and 0.8 m and flow rates of 0.002 m³/s and 0.006m³/s flow rates, respectively, which results in a decrease in the overall performance of Gravitational water vortex turbine. Further, the vortex formation, vortex height and vortex sh...
Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3
...significant loss of farm output, disruption of food supply chain, as well as loss of returns and other economic damages. This research interrogated the effect of adoption of bio-security threats management practices on arable crop farmers’ food security status in South-West, Nigeria, using cross-sectional research design, with the dataset elicited from 403 farmers drawn through a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using frequency d...
Indira Jurinskaya1*, Tynyshtyk Kenzhebaeva2, Kairat Iskakov3, Bekzat Niyazbekov1
...s of increasing the down output of goats of local breeds and reducing the cost of manual labor in the technology for obtaining down. The research was carried out at the “Aiganym” farm of the Zhambyl district on one-year-old goats of the Kazakh coarse-haired and Gorno-Altai downy breeds as well as their crossbreeds. Animal groups were formed according to the principle of analogue groups, taking into account age and live weight. Animals downy breed w...
Achmad Firman1*, Sondi Kuswaryan1, Lilis Nurlina1, Muhamad Hasan Hadiana1, Marina Sulistyati1, Unang Yunasaf1, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto2, Iman Trisman3
... The incremental capital-output ratio (ICOR) model was used to determine the economic valuation. The results determine that the analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the SIWAB/SIKOMANDAN program shows that the performance category was good and excellent. The proves that the five aspects assessed by KPI’s analysis, namely frozen semen distribution, cow acceptors, cow pregnancy, S/C rate, and calf’s birth are in accordance with the target...
Abiyu Tadele 1,2*, Gebreyohannes Berhane2, Wondmeneh Esatu3
...per bird, hen-housed egg output, and egg mass. Furthermore, Tetra H had a 29.8% higher body weight at the first egg and a 20.72% higher body weight at the first egg than the normal-feathered and naked-neck genotypes, respectively. For the assessment of egg quality traits, 240 fresh eggs from the three genotypes were sampled. The findings revealed that, except for yolk breadth and color, the Tetra H genotype had considerably better (p < 0.05) egg quality cha...
Asim Zubair1*, Anam Farid Chishtti2, Zohaib Atta Mehdie3, Aamna Arshad3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Iffat Batool5
...r 58.55% of agricultural output and 11.61% of the nation’s GDP. Although the agricultural sector’s share has decreased by 0.19% over the past few years, the livestock industry is booming, growing at a rate of 3.63%. Keeping in mind the significance of the livestock sector, this study was conducted in 2023 with a focus on the contribution of Pakistani female farmers to the production of animals. In many nations, including Pakistan, women are essenti...
Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5
... the fruit retention and output of the fruit tree. Because amino acids are essential for the majority of biological processes, enhanced quantity and export quality should be utilized. ...
Muhammad Faizan1, Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Waqar Hassan1*, Ghulam Sarwar2 and Moazzam Jamil3
...s which could affect egg output of C. maculatus included seed coat color, texture and see size and among which beetles laid more eggs due to dark color of seeds while there was no strong effect of seed texture and seed size on egg output by C. maculatus. Study of other factors included seed hardness which was maximum in chickpea genotypes followed by cowpea in descending order and least seed hardness was in mung bean genotyp...
Sona Salem El-Nwehy1*, Assem Abbas Mohammed El-Naggar2 and Adel Badr El-Nasharty1
... bulbs. Gladiolus flower output may be harmed by unbalanced fertilizing over reliance on chemical fertilizers to increase crop productivity, on the other hand, has resulted in health hazards and microbial population issues in soil, as well as being rather expensive and raising the cost of production; these considerations, taken together, stimulate the use of bio-fertilizers. This study’s objective was to assess how a biofertilizer EM1 (effective microorg...
Tariq I. Almundarij
... problems and increasing output.
Keywords | Body condition score, Dromedary camels, Estrogen, Lipid profile, Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Blood metabolites, Biochemical serum indices, Antioxidants
...
Makmun1, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid2, Muhammad Saleh S. Ali2*, Muhammad Yamin Saud2, Rahmadanih3
...n the cost of inputs and outputs because they have access to independent input suppliers and market networks that support productive and efficient business methods.
Keywords | Actor, Actor relation, Egg production, Laying chicken, Blitar regency
...
Khurram Nawaz Saddozai1, Muhammad Nasrullah2, Jahangir Khan3*, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Raheel Saqib4, Naheed Zahra5 and Mansoor Rasheed6
... of the economy in which output reflects customer desires is known as allocative efficiency. Every good or service is manufactured until the last unit supplies consumers with a marginal gain equal to the marginal cost of production in an economy. The study in hand was designed to assess the allocative efficiency of tobacco growers during 2019. Primary data was collected through face to face interview and a sample of 120 tobacco growers was selected. These grow...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
..., productivity, economic outputs, and the environment. Effective use of the right communication tools, together with the right message, messenger, and target audience, are additional requirements for successful promotion. To improve agroforestry in Pakistan, corrective steps to simplify the current systems and develop long-term sustainable methods and methodologies are recommended. This study was conducted in District Malakand to learn the effects of agrofores...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...ood systems that enhance outputs, strengthen the economy, improve the environment, and retain societal acceptance. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop agroforestry across the province. This will increase agricultural revenue, reduce land degradation, raise agro-biodiversity, and increase carbon stocks in farming systems. The Peshawar area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan underwent a survey of farm households to study the factors that affect the potential...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ew to increase the resin output from Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) forests. 500 trees 27.5 to 40 cm in diameter were selected at two different sites. In the first year i.e., 1974 all the trees were worked under French system of tapping for the
purpose of calibration of yield. At the end of the tapping season, progressive increase in the yield was indicated with the increase in diameter. Some trees turned out to be natural high yield. In 1975, use of che...
Toyin B. Ajibade1*, Mukhtar A. Yusuf1, Sijuwade A. Adebayo2, Uswat T. Adeyemi1 and Olubunmi A. Omotesho1
... affected artisanal fish output in Nigeria. We analysed the effect of marine pollution and selected climatic variables on artisanal fish capture in Nigeria over 1980-2019. Analytical tools employed include unit root test, co-integration, and the error correction mechanism. We found that the sea surface temperature, wind speed, current year marine litter plastic waste, and magnitude of marine litter plastic wastes from the previous year negatively influenced th...
Bilal Ahmed1, Asep Setiaji1*, Lisa Praharani4, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4,5,6,7, Windu Negara2, Azhar Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Hamza Zulfiqar1, Alina Munawar8
...3.1 g for increased milk output in dairy calves. The findings are useful for future research studies and farmers.
Keywords | Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Milk yield, Holstein, Feed supplementation
...
Arshad Bhat1*, Abid Sultan2, M. Latief3, Parvaiz Rashid3, H.A. Malik4 and Iqra Qureshi5
...odel and its probability output, except for the case where horticulture production is considered an independent variable and GSDP as a dependent variable. The Johansen Cointegration Test results indicate that there is a long-term relationship between the variables. The Granger Casualty Test revealed that there was no cause-and-effect relationship (in either direction) between the three variables. The GSDP and horticulture production were the only variables for...
Raad M. Sayed-Lafi*
...d in both total research output and the contributions of its researchers. The same is true for educational establishments. Therefore, collaboration between institutions and on an international scale both tended to make the research more impactful. Future priorities should include international collaboration, stimulation and improvement....
Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2
...rsquo; g) across various output parameters. The results shows that tea leaf product supplementations had mostly no influence on the average weight gain in mass (AWG, Kg/head/day), body condition scores (BCS), DMI (g/day), dry matter digestibility (DMD, %), crude protein digestibility (CPD, %), acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD, %), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD, %), and blood urea levels. However, a significant reduction in blood glucose l...
Alaa H. Sadoon1, Zainab Abdulimam Majeed2, Majdy Faisal Majeed1*
Aytan Ilham Zeynalova1*, Fariz Shahin Alakbarov1, Dunya Ali Isayeva1 and Sait Engindeniz2
...Greece have a high fiber output (40-42%), which led to a high fiber yield (13.2 and 13.8 c/ha). The net return that can be obtained after growing Ganja-110 cotton variety was calculated as 258.60 USD/ha and was higher than other varieties....
Ana Mehak1, Muhammad Mohsin1* and Muhammad Ahsan Raza2,3
...data. Based on the ASPIC output, the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was computed as 989 tons (t) in the Schaefer Model (S-M) and 873 t in the Fox Model (F-M). In S-M and F-M, the coefficient of variation (CV) and goodness of fit (R2) remained at 0.107, 0214, and 0.962, 0.978, respectively. Furthermore, ASPIC results highlighted decreased fishing mortality (F) and increased biomass (B). Meanwhile, in CEDA, MSY outputs along ...
Mohamed A. Omar, Fardos A.M. Hassan, Sara E. Shahin, Marwa El-Shahat*
... using the DEA approach (output-oriented model) based on panel data collected from Central Agency for public mobilization and statistics. The results showed that the mean technical efficiency score estimated under CRS and VRS assumptions was 0.756 and 0.859, respectively. Implying that according to CRS assumption, production could be rise by 24.4% with already existing resources without need to increase the amount of inputs and according to VRS assumption, pro...
