Search for Multivariate

Use of Multivariate Analysis in Determining Characteristics for Grain Yield Selection in Wheat

Shahid Iqbal Awan^1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad², Muhammad Amjad Ali³, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed¹, Aurangzeb Rao¹

Detection of Hepatitis E Virus among HIV Infected Individuals in Ogbomoso, South-western Nigeria

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...00 CD4/ mm3 (7.89%). The multivariate analysis between age and CD4 count shows highest prevalence in the age range 31-40 years with CD4+ count less than 200cells/μl. The seroprevalence shows there is a significant difference between age and CD4+ cell count. The result provides the evidence that Hepatitis E virus is present among HIV individuals in Ogbomoso and they are more susceptible to the virus.

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Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus IgM in HIV Infected Individuals in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi

...micro;l, 4 (36.36%). The multivariate analysis using age and the CD4 count showed highest prevalence (27.27%) among the age ranging from 41 to 50 years with the CD4+ count of 350- 500cells/µl. The result from this study highlight that EBV IgM is prevalent among individuals infected with HIV in Nigeria and may warrant future investigations to ascertain the impact of co-infection on public health.

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Multivariate Analysis in Determining Morphologically Diverse Sugarcane Genotypes (Saccharum officinarum L.) and their Flowering Response at Arja, Azad Kashmir

Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi

Geographic Variation of the Large Red Flying Squirrel, Petaurista albiventer (Gray, 1834) (Rodentia: Sciuridae), with a Description of a New Subspecies in Southwestern China

Song Li^1,* and Zuojian Feng²

...nnan in China to conduct multivariate analyses and calculate coefficients of differences on cranial measurements, together with a comparison of pelage characteristics. Results indicated that the allopatric samples from Xizang were obviously different from all those previously defined in Yunnan. Therefore, we describe them as new subspecies P. a. muzongensis subsp. nov. Discussion on the relationships between the differentiation of P. albiventer a...

Morphological Differences Between two Populations of the Little Tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810) in Tunisian Waters (Central Mediterranean Sea)

Hassen Allaya^1,2,*, Abderraouf Ben Faleh¹, Manel Rebaya¹, Sonia Zrelli³, Abdallah Hattour², Jean-Pierre Quignard⁴and Monia Trabelsi¹

Morphometric Variations and Fishery Unit Assessment of Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Actinopterigii: Cyprinidae) from Three-Different Rivers in North-Eastern Thailand

Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*

...he present study applied multivariate morphometric technique to identify fishery management units of C. apogon from six populations of three different river drainages: Pong, Chi, and Mun Rivers. Thirty-two truss measures and standard length were obtained using digital calliper from 291 fish individuals, and raw measured data were then subjected to allometric equation to remove size-dependent variation prior further statistical analyses.

Prediction of Fattening Final Live Weight from some Body Measurements and Fattening Period in Young Bulls of Crossbred and Exotic Breeds using MARS Data Mining Algorithm

İbrahim Aytekin^1,*, Ecevit Eyduran², Koksal Karadas³, Rifat Akşahan⁴ and İsmail Keskin¹

Genetic Diversity in Cotton Germplasm using Multivariate Analysis

Syed Asif Imran Shah^1*, Shah Jehan Khan², Kalim Ullah¹ and Obaid Ullah Sayal²

Prediction of Body Weight of Turkish Tazi Dogs using Data Mining Techniques: Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS)

Senol Celik^1,* and Orhan Yilmaz²

...gression tree (CART) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) approaches to estimate the most important variables in predicting the body weight of Turkish Tazi dogs. Using various body measurements, the CART algorithm proposed that withers height (WH), abdominal width (AW), rump height (RH) and chest depth (CD) can significant effect the body weight. Quantitatively, it was identified that values of WH > 62.500 cm and RH > 67.500 cm can positiv...

Comparing Predictive Performances of some Nonlinear Functions and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) for Describing the Growth of Daera Dın Panah (DDP) Goat in Pakistan

Senol Celik^1,*, Ecevit Eyduran², Adile Tatliyer³, Koksal Karadas⁴, Mehmet Kazim Kara² and Abdul Waheed⁵

Effect of Selected Variables Identified by Mars on Fattening Final Live Weight of Crossbred Beef Cattle in Eastern Turkey

Yakup Erdal Erturk¹, Adem Aksoy² and Mohammad Masood Tariq^3,*

Description of Factors Influencing Final Fattening Weight in Domestic Beef Cattle Breeds through Mars Algorithm

Yakup Erdal Ertürk

Comparing Predictive Performances of MARS and CHAID Algorithms for Defining Factors Affecting Final Fattening Live Weight in Cultural Beef Cattle Enterprises

Adem Aksoy¹, Yakup Erdal Ertürk², Ecevit Eyduran³ and Mohammad Masood Tariq^4,*

Estimation of Global Irradiation Parameters at Location of Migratory Birds in Iğdir, Turkey by Means of MARS Algorithm

Gokhan Sahin¹, Ecevit Eyduran^2,*, Mete Turkoglu³ and Fatma Sahin²

...ameters was made through multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) data mining algorithm for multiple responses (Hd and Hm) with the support of R software program and the utility prediction equation was aimed to improve for further biodiversity investigations. To determine the predictive quality of the MARS algorithm, goodness of fit criteria viz. coefficient of determination (0.994 and 0.996 R² for Hd and Hm), Generalized Cross Validat...

Structure of Macrobenthic Assemblages and Its Relationship with Environmental Variables in the East China Sea of Xiangshan

Haozhen Liu¹, Xiangfu Li², Yinong Wang^1,*, Xun Liu^3,4, Li Wang¹, Dong Liu¹, Chen Chen¹, Jinjing Li¹, Haifeng Jiao⁵ and Zhongjie You^1,5

...abundance, diversity and multivariate structure of macrobenthos in the East China Sea of Xiangshan and elucidate main environmental variables that shape their spatial patterns. The environment of the study area has significant spatial heterogeneity. Environmental variables of sediment and water column were studied to provide models for spatial patterns of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in macrobenthic spatial patterns were expla...

Utility of MARS Algorithm for Describing Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Pasture Revenue of Morkaraman Breed and Romanov × Morkaraman F1 Crossbred Sheep under Semi Intensive Conditions

Adem Aksoy¹, Yakup Erdal Ertürk², Ecevit Eyduran³ and Mohammad Masood Tariq^4,*

Prediction of Selected Reproductive Traits of Indigenous Harnai Sheep under the Farm Management System via various Data Mining Algorithms

Daniel Zaborski,^1,* Muhammad Ali,² Ecevit Eyduran,³ Wilhelm Grzesiak,¹ Mohammad Masood Tariq,² Ferhat Abbas,² Abdul Waheed⁴ and Cem Tirink⁵

...ion detector - CHAID and multivariate adaptive regression splines - MARS) and indicating the most influential predictors of these traits. A total of 382 reproduction records including three predictors (month of lambing - MOL, age at first lambing - AFL and lambing weight - LW) and seven dependent (output) variables (services per conception - SPC, service period - SP, lambing interval - LI, twinning rate - TR, gestation length - GL, breeding efficiency - BE and...

Comparing Predictive Performances of Tree-Based Data Mining Algorithms and MARS Algorithm in the Prediction of Live Body Weight from Body Traits in Pakistan Goats

Senol Celik

...edictive performances of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID), exhaustive CHAID and classification and regression trees (CART) data mining algorithms in predicting live body weight as a continuous response variable by means of morphological measurements i.e. live body weight (LBW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), belly girth (BG) and chest girth (CG) as continuous pr...

Genetic Dissection of Interspecific and Intraspecific Hybrids of Cotton for Morpho-Yield and Fiber Traits using Multivariate Analysis

Sana Munir¹, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi^1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad², Ismat Nawaz³, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam⁴, Sumaira Rasul⁴ and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar⁵

...ber traits using various multivariate analysis such as principle component analysis and linkage cluster analysis. Principle component analysis (PCA) exhibited that first four PC out of nineteen PC, with eigen value >1, contributed about 80.326 % of total variability. Positive contribution towards PC1 was given by seed traits such as lint/seed, seed weight/seed, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton/seed. In biplot analysis, intraspecific hybrids and their...

Investigation on Some Ectoparasites of Mesopotamian Spiny Eels (Mastacembelus mastacembelus) with Certain Data Mining Algorithms Based on the Effect of Weight and Sex

Mustafa Koyun¹*and Şenol Çelik²

High Expression of MDR1 is Correlated with Poor Prognosis for Common Malignancies

Bo Gao^1,2, Fengmei Yang³, Wei Chen², Xiaojia Song⁴, Xiaobo Liu⁵ and Dongmin Li¹*

Comparison of Models for some Testicular Characteristics in Karakaş Male Lambs

Kadir Karakuş¹, Turgut Aygün², Şenol Çelik³, Mohammad Masood Tariq4*, Muhammad Ali⁴, Majed Rafeeq⁴ and Farhat Abbas Bukhari⁴

...austive CHAID, CART, and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Effects of genotype and some environment factors such as birth type, dam age, lamb’ age in control and live weight on testis characteristics were also researched. The furthest importance sequence was obtained for testis length (TESLENG) (100%), followed by age, testis diameter (TDIA), age in control (DAGE), birth weight (BW), around scrotum (SCC), scrotum length (SCL) and birth typ...

Asifa Kamal¹*, Ghazala Noreen¹ and Muhammad Amin²

Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)

...ta. It is concluded from multivariate pooled analysis of three surveys that age of women at first birth, region (Balochistan), wealth index (rich), education of both spouses and survey periods (2006-07, 2012-13) has significantly negative effect on the total children ever born to women in Pakistan. Child mortality (yes), husband’s desire for children (more than wife), ideal number of children, marital duration and ever use of contraceptives has significa...

Description of Factors Affecting Wool Fineness in Karacabey Merino Sheep using Chaid and Mars Algorithms

Yasin Altay¹, Saim Boztepe², Ecevit Eyduran³, İsmail Keskin², Mohammad Masood Tariq⁴*, Farhat Abbas Bukhari⁴ and Irshad Ali⁴

Saba Aleem¹*, Mehvish Tahir², Iram Sharif³, Muqadas Aleem⁴, Muhammad Najeebullah², Ali Nawaz¹, Amina Batool¹, Muhammad Imran Khan¹ and Waheed Arshad¹

Principal Component and Cluster Analyses as Tools in the Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Late Season Cauliflower Genotypes

A New Approach for Evaluation of Egg Laying Behaviour of Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during Autumn Using CHAID and MARS Algorithms

Celalettin Gözüaçık¹, Ecevit Eyduran² and Mohammad Masood Tariq³*

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Maintainer and Restorer Inbreds of Helianthus annus L. using Multivariate Techniques

Hafiz Basheer Ahmad¹*, Sajida Habib², Waqas Shafqat Chattha³, Rizwana Qamar², Shazia Saeed², Abdul Khaliq¹ and Salsabeel Rauf²

...a were analyzed by using multivariate analysis. The results revealed that the mean values of all traits except for days to 50% flowering of maintainer lines were higher than restorer lines. The principal component analysis for B-lines showed that first eigen value equals 2.77 and represented 39.57 % of the total variability while second eigenvalue equals 1.24 and showed 17.76% of the total variability. The first two factors showed 57.34% of the initial variabi...

ANOVA or MANOVA for Correlated Traits in Agricultural Experiments

Iftikhar ud Din* and Yousaf Hayat

...s simultaneously, is the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). This study deals with the illustration of MANOVA using simulated data, related to agricultural trials. The appropriate design, methods of analysis, interpretation and conclusion are carried out on simulated data. For illustration three factors are considered in a factorial arrangement in completely randomized design (CRD). For the two levels of each irrigation, varieties, and five types of ni...

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Wild Celtis australis L. Genotypes using Multivariate Analysis

Arshad Khan¹, Mohammad Ihsan¹, Ali Hazrat¹*, Mohammad Nisar¹, Muhammad Laiq¹, Maryam Bibi¹, Nasir Ali², Ulfat Naz¹, Muhammad Zakria¹, Nausheen Nazir³, Adam Khan⁴ and Muhammad Asif Nawaz⁵

Evaluation of the Lapillar Otolith Shape as a Tool for Discrimination of Stock of Naked Carp, Gymnocypris selincuoensis in the Tibetan Plateau

Kang Chen^1,2, Dekui He¹, Chengzhi Ding^3,4, Yintao Jia¹ and Yifeng Chen¹*

...(NEFDs) were analysed by multivariate statistical procedures. To examine the differences of otolith shape from different sites, metric multidimensional scaling and a linear discriminant analysis were used for the SDs and NEFDs. The results of the linear discriminant analysis indicate that riverine otolith stocks had higher rates of successful classification compared with lacustrine otolith stocks, and stocks of otoliths from the Chargut Co and the Kyaring Co l...

Studies on the Wintering Effects on Growth and Survival of Catla Catla Fingerlings in Polyculture System Employing Greenhouse Technology

Kashifa Naghma Waheed*, Tariq Rashid, Sikender Hayat, Muhammad Azeem and Sajid Ali Naqvi

Usefulness of MARS and Bagging MARS Algorithms in Prediction of Honey Production in Beekeeping Enterprises from Elazig Province of Turkey

Murat Kulekçi¹, Ecevit Eyduran², Ayaz Yusuf Altın² and Mohammad Masood Tariq³*

Biodiversity Evaluation among Wild Jujube (Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. F.) Population in Thal Desert of Pakistan

Naseem Sharif^1,2*, Imran Muhammad Siqqique², Muhammad Kashif Raza³, Urwa Irshad¹, Muhammad Ikhlaq Khan⁴, Ammara Noreen⁴ , Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi¹, Mohsin Abbas⁵, Muhammad Maaz Aziz⁵, Sitwat Riaz⁵, Komal Aslam⁵ and Naseem Akhtar⁶

...s were analysed based on multivariate analysis. Significant diversity was counted for selected morphological and biochemical traits like leaf length (1.8-5.4cm), thorn length (0.6-2.9 cm), fruit weight (1.88-4.72g), fruit length (8.83-19.34mm), fruit width (11.03 -22.74mm), stone weight (0.32-1.09g), TSS (5.9-13.2%) and vitamin C contents (131.2 to 165.56mg/100g). Most positive correlation was noted between leaf length and leaf width (r=0.897) whereas, the cor...

Diversification Assessment in Cotton for Lint Quality, Disease Response and Economic Attributes by Multivariate Analysis

Muhammad Jamil¹*, Kamran Javed¹ and Imran Akhtar²

Agriculture Labour Supply in Irrigated Plains of Punjab Options for Small Rural Household

Arshad Mahmood Malik¹*, Nigah Hussain¹ and Nasim Akhter²

Biodiversity Estimation in Chilli (Capsicum frutescens) Germplasm through Morphological Traits

Ishtiaq Ahmad^1,2* and Muhammad Akbar Anjum¹

...l traits was analyzed in multivariate analysis. Cluster analysis indicated that 78 genotypes were grouped into five clusters where cluster-I comprised of (19) genotypes, cluster-II contain (8) genotypes, cluster-III contain (21) genotypes, cluster-IV contain (6) genotypes and cluster-V contain (24) genotypes. PCA analysis based on first two components for morphological attributes of Capsicum frutescens genotypes explained (39.62 %) variability.

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Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Pet Dogs and Associated Ticks in Pakistan

Muhammad Usman¹*, Aneela Zameer Durrani¹, Nasir Mehmood², Muhammad Hassan Saleem¹ and Mamoona Chaudhry³

...mated via univariate and multivariate logistic regression. From each dog, blood and tick samples were collected and then tick species were identified. DNA extraction was followed by detection of 16S rRNA signature gene using B. burgdorferi s.l. specific primers through conventional PCR. We found that 4.3% dogs and 8.9% tick pools were positive for B. burgdorferi s.l. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (86.5%) was the most abundant tick species. 57.1% I. gibbosus and 8.4...

The Effect of Customer Knowledge Management on Competitive Advantage in Beekeeping MSMEs: Does Innovation Capability Play a Mediator Role?

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara¹*, MB Hariyono¹, Budi Hartono¹, Hery Toiba², Hamidah Nayati Utami³, Moh. Shadiqur Rahman², Tina Sri Purwanti¹

...roach with Smart PLS 3.0 multivariate Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. Data were collected from a survey with 210 business people selected using a purposive method. The first inclusion criterion is running a micro, small, or medium enterprise (MSME) in the beekeeping industry (with business sizes determined based on the number of workers, assets, and turnover as stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEs. The se...

A Clinical Survey on the Prevalence and Therapeutics of Reproductive Disorders in Goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...ography. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis was done to study the prevalence and associated risks of different reproductive disorders. Results show that 12.41% (382/3079) reproductive disorders in does were recorded during the study period. The major reproductive disorders were anestrous (72.25%, 276/382), followed by retained placenta (6.8%, 26/382), and repeat breeding syndrome (4.19%, 16/382). Significant variation in prevalence estimates was...

Identification of Immune-Related LncRNA for Predicting Survival in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma

Qi Jiayi¹, Huang XuMiao², Lin Wei³, Ao YaHui³, Zhao Wenting²* and Cao Chunhao³*

...virtue of univariate and multivariate Cox regression, immune-associated lncRNA signatures formed its structure. In addition, in virtue of gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis genes were given functional identification. In total, there were 102 differentially expressed immune-related lncRNAs which were identified, and there were four genes (USP30-AS1, U62317.1, ZEB1-AS1 and MIR205HR) which were screened from the gene signature to form a progn...

Impact of Locally Characterized Protease from Geobacillus SBS 4S on the Growth of Poultry Bird

Waheed Ahmad¹, Muhammad Tayyab¹*, Bushra Muneer²*, Abu Saeed Hashmi¹, Mansurud Din Ahmad³, Shagufta Saeed¹, Muhammad Nauman Aftab², Sehrish Firyal¹, Muhammad Wasim¹, Muhammad Azam⁴, Muhammad Talha⁵ and Ali Raza Awan¹

Multivariate Discriminant Analysis on Differentiating Sheep Breeds Based on Live Body and Carcass Measurements

Raed M. Al-Atiyat^1,2*, Gamaleldin M. Suliman³, Khaled Abu-Alruz⁴, Firas Al-Zyoud⁵, Amer Mamkagh⁶, Ahmed M. El-Waziry⁷, Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer⁸ and Rifat Ullah Khan⁹

...ext-align: justify;">The multivariate technique analysis was utilized for assigning and discriminating three Saudi sheep breeds, Naemi, Najdi and Hari based on live body and carcass traits. The traits were body height at wither and rump, body length, heart girth, body depth, head length, ear length, body weight at slaughtering, empty body, dressing percentage, hot carcass, cold carcass, and head weight which had a significant effect on breed. The phenotypic as...

Floral and edaphic data recorded from Sahiwal District, Pakistan analyzed by multivariate techniques

*ARIFA ZEREEN¹, ALMAS JAHAN¹,SHEIKH SAEED AHMAD² & ZAHEER-UD-DIN KHAN³

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF WEEDS OF CHICKPEA, MUSTARD AND WHEAT CROP FIELDS OF TEHSIL ISAKHEL, DISTRICT MIANWALI (PUNJAB), PAKISTAN

Gulshan Riaz1, Zaheer-ud-din Khan1, Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan1, Andleeb Anwar Sardar1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Sarah Maryam Malik and Sohaib Muhammad1

Multivariate analyses of algal diversity from highly polluted sites of sawan river Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Arshad Mahmood Khan, Ijaz Ahmed, Rizwana Aleem Qureshi, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Daniel Potter, Zafeer Saqib andM.K. Leghari

Multivariate analysis of distribution of four understory species along a gradient in Iodgepole pine and spruce fir forest

Charles D. Bonham, Javed Ahmed and Larry L. Larson

Phenotypic Characterization and Weight Estimation of Young Thalli Sheep Through Multivariate Traits

Muhammad Arslan Akbar¹, Khalid Javed², Asim Faraz³, Abdul Waheed³*, Ecevit Eyduran⁴ and Muhammad Tariq⁵

...tudy was to evaluate the multivariate traits in Thalli sheep for phenotypic characterization and their association with the live bodyweight of the animals for the selection of superior individuals by using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique and regression equation. Twenty-one (21) multivariate traits were taken of young Thalli sheep aged 0-12 months in Thall area of Punjab, Pakistan. Morphometric traits measure...

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Bovine Schistosomiasis in the North, Adamawa and West Regions of Cameroon

Alain Kouam Simo¹, Roland Nankam Chimi¹*, Stevine Ngoueni Megouo¹, Ariane Megne Fossouo¹, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng², Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini³

... the mesenteric veins. A multivariate analysis between the factors predisposing the appearance of schistosomiasis and its prevalence showed us significant variations, the region of origin of the animals (p=0,0001), the department (p=0,0001), the breed (p=0,0001), body condition score (p=0,0001), body condition (p=0,002), watering site (p=0,0001). Bovine schistosomiasis is endemic in the northern and Adamawa regions of Cameroon. This pathology is favoured by fa...

Fish Abundance and Diversity During Low and High Flow Seasons of River Ravi, Punjab, Pakistan

Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir* and Javed Iqbal Qazi

...">The present study used multivariate analysis to determine the fish species diversity of the river Ravi, Punjab, Pakistan. Eight sampling sites were surveyed during the year of 2020 to ascertain fish diversity and abundance. Diversity indices computed by using Primer 7 Software for whole study compared seasonally. Cluster analysis (Euclidian distance) and poly component analysis performed by using Origin Software (2016). A total 877 (258 in low and 619 in hig...

Unveiling the Landscape of Animal Research Ethics among Saudi Health College Students

Heba El-Sayed Mostafa^1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi¹, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule¹, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi¹, Hala Rafat Zulali¹, Yasmin Islam Magdi³, Saada Saad Alharbi¹

...s they got older. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females and those in the medicine specialty were significant predictors of opinions on animal research. Linear regression analysis showed that age and source of knowledge were significant predictors of overall knowledge score on general knowledge of ethics in research. Conclusion: In conclusion, Saudi Arabia’s undergraduate health college students are aware of ethical issues r...

Resolving Species Delineation of Four Portunid Crab Species of the Gulf of Mannar using Truss Morphometry

Preetysh Nanda Patnaik¹, V.K. Venkataramani¹, N. Jayakumar¹, R. Durairaja¹, Adyasha Sahu ¹ and C. Sudhan²*

...ftware package. A set of multivariate methods (Principal component analysis and Discriminant function analysis) was performed to make detailed investigation on distinction and pattern of morphological variations among all the four studied species, which revealed that there is significant variation in morphometrics of the portunid species. The first two components of the principal component analysis explained 99.99% of the overall variation. The first principal...