Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
...ed the effects of UV and formalin treatment on the survival of Penaeus monodon larvae and bacteria communities in the rearing tanks. The survival of P. monodon in the 36 h experimental period was not significantly affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the f...
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
...s were fixed in buffered formalin and processed for routine histology and light microscopy. The annual maturity stages can easily be divided into five gross stages namely, immature and developing, maturing and developed, ripe and running, post spawning and spent-regressed. The testis in Labeo rohita were unrestricted and lobular. The maximum GSI (2.89±0.25) was seen in June when the photoperiod and temperatures were highest, while the lowest GSI ...
Kadry A. El-Bakry1, Lamiaa E.M. Deef1*, Lotfy Z. Habbak1 and Samia S. El-Naeli2
...llected and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological studies. The present study showed that, PAT causes elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities and significantly increases serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) but decrease the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. On the other hand, in patuilin injected rats and treated with ginger, the activity of ALT, AST and SOD were improved and level of MDA was de...
Maria Syafiqah Ghazali1, Azlan Che’ Amat2 and Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz1*
...le faecal floatation and formalin – ether sedimentation technique. All large felines in the zoo were infected with gastrointestinal parasites. A total of six species of gastrointestinal parasites were recovered including four nematodes (Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma spp., Toxascaris leonina, and Oxyuris sp.), a cestode (Spirometra sp.), and a protozoan (Isospora sp.). Half (n=5/10) of the large felines had mixed inf...
Hanan Sayed1, Mohamed S. Madkour1, Hussein A. Hussein2, Mounir Mohamed Elsaft 3,
Marwa F. El saied3, Ahmed A El-Sanousi2
...div>Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
injected intramuscularly in specific pathogen free and commercial layer chicken, the injection was
repeated as a booster vaccination one month after the first vaccination. Humoral immune response was
measured by HI for both H9N2...
Hanan Sayed 1, Mohamed S. Madkour 1, Hussein A. Hussein 2, Ahmed A El-Sanousi 2
...div>Methods: We prepared formalin inactivated combined vaccine for Avian Influenza (H9N2N),
Newcastle (La), and IB (M41 and Var 2) by using montanide 71 adjuvant. The prepared vaccine was
injected intramuscularly in specific pathogen free and commercial layer chicken, the injection was
repeated as a booster vaccination after a month from the first vaccination. Humoral immune response
for IBV was measured by ELISA...
Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1
...atment followed by salt, formalin and potassium permanganate. Clinical signs like excessive mucus production, fin erosion, pale gills, and slight hemorrhage were observed in the affected area of skin and operculum. Among the internal organs, liver lost its original reddish-brown and turned to yellowish-brown, intestinal duct remained empty and swelled. Severe infestation in catla caused eye opacity and tail rot indicated the devastating effects of A. japonicus...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3,
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4,
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3
and Hamza Maris3
...s i.e. mixed with formalin, antibiotic and vegetable oil to prepare the vaccine. This vaccine was administered thrice (at weekly interval) in 15 cattle @ 1ml/50 Kg of the body weight of each animal accordingly. Fifteen cohort cattle of different age groups served as controls, administered with the standard acaricidal drug, ivermectin. At the end of each week post administration of this oil based whole crude larval extract, the number of hard ticks was c...
Safaa M. Barghash1*, Amani A. Hafez2
...cial, and the other is a formalin-killed vaccine (prepared from a local strain), and subsequently challenged virulent P. multocida. The differences in the regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL12, IL6, and IL10 cytokine levels expression, were assessed as biomarkers of the clinical phase of infections. Results revealed that T. evansi infection has a significant influence on the performance of rats, and antibody responses against both vaccines were signific...
Nasratullah Baloch1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Hamida Narejo3, Muhammad Farooq Hassan4, Muhammad Hanif Chandio5, Faheem Saddar6, Dharti Shahnawaz Thebo7, Ghulam Abbas8 and Shahnaz Rashid8
...nd residue fixed with 5% formalin in sampling bottles. The 99 genera of both the planktons were recorded, which included 52 zoo- and 47 for phytoplankton from the experimental area. Among the zooplankton, Copepods were found to be rich 65% followed by Brachyuran zoa 15% while in case of phytoplankton genus Coscinodiscus were noted to be rich 60% followed by Rhizosolenia 15% during the whole duration of investigations. It reflects that the bay water was found t...
Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5
...larvae were preserved in formalin and transported to the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Government College University Faisalabad for further analysis. The larval morphological measurements were carried out using a stereomicroscope, which included changes in head length and width, thoracic length and width, abdominal length and width, and total length of the larva. Every month, the fourth instar larvae (n=36) were i...
Aamir Ali, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Summer, Ali Haidar Gormani, Saira Nawaz and Ayesha Muzamil
...rageenan injection while formalin was injected to mice paw for induction of pain. These extracts significantly decreased edema in mice paw. The level of TLC and RBCs was increased to normal. Platelets level was also increased in mice treated with mulberry leaves extracts. Furthermore, these extracts significantly reduced the inflammatory pain and licking response triggered by injection of formalin in mice paw. These findings...
Zahra Abdulameer Al-Zayadi1, Hana Kadum Shanan1, Al Salihi Karima Akool2*
... in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and sent for histological analysis. No abnormal histological features were seen in liver and kidney sections from the control and other mice groups before various treatments. The various treatment groups revealed diverse histopathological changes compared to the control groups. Various histological features were also seen in low, moderate, and high-dose Sc-RE treatment groups, accompanied by regeneration related to the treatm...
Bilal Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Masood Rabbani2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Muhammad Awais1, Sohail Ahmad3 and Shahan Azeem2*
...f mastitis vaccines viz. formalin-inactivated plain polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FPPV), formalin-inactivated montanide adjuvanted polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FMPV), formalin-inactivated aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted polyvalent mastitis vaccine (FAPV), and formalin-inactivated montanide plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted mastitis vaccine (FMAPV) were pre...
Al Salihi karima Akool1* , Almas. M. Al-Bayati2, Iman Mousa Khaleel3
... a 10 % neutral buffered formalin. All samples were processed by histological technique and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. This study showed that SC’s udder appeared with four quarters, covered by brown to solid black tint skin. Both conical and cylindrical shapes of teat were observed, which constituted 75%& 25% and 37.5% & 62.5% for SCPMG & SCN-PMG), respectively. Microscopical examination of teats revealed two streak canals lined by ...
Abd Elwanis, N.D.; Abou El Khair, M.A.; Afaf H. Amin; Azab, A. and A.O. Abd El Rahman
...letely inactivated using formalin in a final concentration Of 0.1% for 18 hours at 25c0. Evaluation of the prepared vaccine batch based mainly upon vaccination of different groups of specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens using different doses and estimation of the humoral immune response using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The vaccine provided a faster and more reliable • immune response against the H5N2 viral antigen after immunizing 3 weeks...
Ahmed K. Fahd*, Ali H. Saliem
...plication 10 μl of 2% formalin solution and the 4th was examined by the tail-flick test. Within each experiment, the study mice were subdivided equally into three subgroups; the 1st was administered only distilled water (control), the 2nd was drenched with apigenin (50 mg/Kg B.W.) orally, and the 3rd was drenched only diclofenac (0.71 mg/kg B.W). The hot plate’s outcomes showed that the animals treated with apigenin significantly increased in time tha...
Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6
...ted and preserved in 10% formalin solution and safely transported to Parasitology Laboratory, University of Malakand for parasite examination. Each of the samples was processed in direct smear methods and examined under microscope first under low power objectives and then higher power Lense. Evidence of infection was noted by the presence of helminth eggs. Out of 200 samples 65% (n=130) were found to be infected with 2 species of soil transmitted helminths inc...
Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2
...re fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed by the paraffin inclusion technique, to evaluate the damages associated with parasites. Trichodina heterodentata was detected in specimens of P. brachypomus from the farm located in El Coca, with prevalence of 100%, and mean intensity of 0.21 ± 4.7 parasites per host. Histopathological analysis showed the presence of slight hyperplasia and thickening of the lamellae of parasitized fish. The f...
Arshad Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Haider Khan and Amna Shoaib
...lized by fumigation with formaline and then inoculum of S. rolfsii was
mixed. After one week of pathogen inoculation, soil was amended with dry biomass of C.
album aerial parts at 1, 2 and 3% (w/w), irrigated and left for one week for leaching.
Thereafter, chickpea seeds were sown in the pots. Experiment was conducted in a
completely randomized design with six replications. S. rolfsii significantly reduced dry
Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai
... in 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine histological procedures. The results showed that in neonate guinea pigs, the esophagus was a narrow muscular tube approximately 1.47±0.02 cm in length and 0.044±0.02 gm in weight, divided according to its position into three portions. The stomach was a transverse, transparent, whitish-pink sac-like structure of the digestive system with a weight of 1.13±0.05 gm, a length of 2.76±0.04 cm,...
Arshama Sheraz1, Shabir Ahmed1*, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Wali Khan2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Fiza Sadiq Awan1
...cted and stored in a 10% formalin solution. This study discovered that five species of anurans, i.e. Duttaphrynus stomaticus, Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, and Nanorana liebigii are members of the Bufonidae and Dicroglossidae families, respectively. Morphometric measurements were made using a non-digital vernier caliper with a resolution of 0.05 mm. HW, HL, SVL, TFL, THL, TBL, HnL, TD, END, IND, IOD, ED, LF, LH...
Sundus Oun Ali Al-Zaini1, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati3*, Khazaal Abbas Khazaal2, Salma Talib Salih1
..., Cyprinus carpio, using formalin-inactivated versions of both virus and bacteria (mean body weight of 108.2±1.2g). Vaccines that have been prepared and loaded into Nano liposome blank that have been formulated according to the thin film method (Bangham). The experimental was designed into four fish groups for vaccinination. The Formulated vaccines (viral and bacterial) was vaccinated once daily for fish along five days, dosed: 0.63g/fish/day and 1&time...
Saadeya Ali Lefelef Al-Gnami1, Fatima Ibrahim Mohammad2, Huda Jassim Mohammed Al-Helali3
...als and reserved them in formalin 10% for histological examination. The results of the present study exhibited a notable rise (p<0.05) in RBC count, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in T1 and T2 as compared with control group. While these parameters were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in T3 group that drenched with dexamethasone. T4 and T5 exposed a substantial rise(p<0.05) in all these blood parameters when compared to T3. Exa-mination of liver tissue i...
Alaa H. Sadoon1, Zainab Abdulimam Majeed2, Majdy Faisal Majeed1*
...
Keywords | Buffered formalin (10%), Bouin’s fluid, Zenker,s solution, Carony,s solution, Clarke’ssolution, fixation times, Image J
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