Ethan G. Quillen
...e precarious notion of a division between ‘positive’ and/or ‘negative ‘Atheism. This article will attempt to assuage this issue by mapping out the discursive shifts presented within the discourse on defining the term, as well as promote a more discursive approach, linking the study of Atheism with the study of religion, and thereby the issues addressed in defining ‘religion’ with those affecting the definition of ‘Ath...
Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
...shawar valley and Hazara division where it has enormously invaded most of the open spaces like roadsides, wasteland and water ways resulting in loss of local biodiversity. Field survey of district Swabi (Peshawar Valley) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, was carried out during May-June, 2013-14 to study the distribution of Parthenium weed. Five villages were selected and thirty locations were randomly selected from each village. The data revealed that the flora is predom...
Shams Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arif and Abdul Mateen
Soil-borne viruses in major potato growing areas of Pakistan
...t in Hazara and Malakand divisions. The average symptoms based incidence in Hazara divi-sion for PMTV was 8.83% and TRV was 6.80% while in Malakand division the average symptoms based inci-dence for PMTV was 8.46% and TRV was 9.95%. DAS-ELISA based average incidence in Hazara of PMTV and TRV was 17.34% and 11.99% respectively. The average DAS-ELISA based incidence in Malakand division for ...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
Muhammad Amin1*, Khalid Mahmood2, Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Rahim Khan2
...ring 2015-2016 in Poonch division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir-Pakistan. Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) fragaefolii (Cockerell), Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) thomasi Hille Ris Lambers, Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) tetrarhodum (Walker), Metopolophium montanum Hille Ris Lambers, Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach) and Myzaphis turanica Nevsky are new records for the country. New locality records are presented, in the country, for Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) Macrosiphum eu...
R. Hussain* and A. N. Naqvi**
...ound in Tehsil Gojal, subdivision Hunza, of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Generally very small breed with small legs, large belly and most of the specimen have brown strip from temple to nostrils on both sides. It is a pashmina bearing breed. The breed was studied for morphological characteristics, somatometric measurements, growth, productive and reproductive traits. Somatometric measurements indicated the average height 70.41±0.837 cm vs. 57.91±0...
Hina Zubair1, Saima Perveen2, Saeed Alam3, Akkad Rafiq4* and Sara Ejaz
...o-demographic factors at divisional headquarter hospital in a year time. A retrospective study was performed by analyzing one year records from family planning clinic at divisional headquarter hospital. At family planning centers, a total of 920 individuals attended the Reproductive Health Services from April 2015 to March 2016. Among them, 92% individual utilized temporary methods and only 8% utilized permanent methods. Reg...
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...while others believed no division of the subspecies. Thus, 169 specimens of Brachymystax spp. were collected from three locations (Heihe River, Amur and Ussuri River) to identify the taxonomic status in terms of morphological variation among these species or subspecies. Results of geometric morphometric analysis indicated significantly morphological variation in body shape among three morphotypes based on 18 landmarks. Principal component analysis (PCA)...
Tariq Mukhtar,1,* Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Humayun Javed2
... (Steinbuch) in Sargodha division of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The overall incidence of ear cockle of wheat in the division was found to be 1.2% while the overall prevalence was 27%. As regards districts, the maximum incidence was recorded in district Bhakkar followed by Khushab. Similarly, the maximum prevalence was observed in district Bhakkar followed by Sargodha while it was the minimum in district Khushab. The in...
Samiullah*, Mohammad Aslam Khan and Atta-ur-Rahman
...tion of farmland and sub-division of landholdings into smaller land fragments. Beside urbanization, a major contributor to fragmentation is the law of inheritance, which divides the land among successors. In the absence of specific policies on land consolidation or development control, it is hard to see any expected change in landholding and farm fragmentation and continued invasion of farmland by urban uses. ...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
...ut in all administrative divisions of the province to explore the prevalence of Clostridium perfringens type D in small ruminants. A total of 204 fecal samples were collected from sheep and goats suffering from seasonal diarrhea. C. perfringens type D was identified through different biochemical tests and PCR. Antibiograms and lab animal trials were also carried out on local isolates of C. perfringens type D. Out of 204 analyzed samples, 8...
Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah6
Muhammad Babar Khawar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins of wistar rats
...tudy design involved the division of Wistar ratsof about 245±5g in three groups (n=5) viz, Control group (4ml/ kg normal saline), Group 1 (4ml/ kg leachate) and Group 2 (4ml/ kg 1:10 diluted leachate). All the animals received the treatment through intraperitoneal injection. After 24h of the injection, all the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected, sera were separated and processed for further analysis. Serological analysis revealed that leach...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, FarmanUllah4, Hamidullah5
Distribution records of fruit bats Cynopterus sphinx and Rousettus leschenaultii from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...e captured from Malakand division in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for species confirmation of R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaultia has been already reported while C. sphinx being
reported for the first time from the study area. Pteropus gi...
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for species confirmation of R. leschenaultii. R. leschenaultia has been already reported while C. sphinx being
reported for the first time from the study area. Pteropus gi...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Hamidullah4
First provincial record of desert yellow bat Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876) from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...at districts in Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Twenty two desert yellow bat (Scotoecus pallidus) specimens were captured using mist and hand nets. The morphological features of the captured specimens were compared with available literature. This paper documents first record of S. pallidus from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa....
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman1
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Sami Ullah1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Mohsin Raza1, Muhammad Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Muhammad Zeshan5, Adeel Abbas1, Mehmood Ali Noor1 and Mohsin Nawaz1
...ital processes like cell division, cell wall formation, water relations, meristematic tissue growth, carbohydrate metabolism, and pollen tube growth which suggests plausible effects on all these activities due to its deficiency. Therefore, a field trial was set up to assess the efficacy of different levels (control, 0.01 M and 0.05 M) of foliar applied B at booting, anthesis, and grain filling growth stages of wheat crop respectively. Results revealed that B a...
Usman Zubair1*, Anjum Shehzad2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Khalid Mahmood1
Hakim Shah1*, Noor Jehan2, S. Shafiqur Rehman1 and Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1
Muhammad Amin1,2*, Khalid Mahmood2 and Imran Bodlah3
Nadia Saeed1, Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muzafar Shah4*
Zübeyde Kumbıçak1,* and Hatice Poyraz2
...during the first meiotic division stages, 10 autosomal bivalents and generally one chiasma per bivalent (rarely two chiasmata) were obtained, the types of chiasmata were proximal, interstitial and terminal. In second meiotic division, two types of nuclei were showed as n=12 and n=10 chromosomes. Considering our results and previously obtained data in other ground spider species, the conventional staining provide important ch...
Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1
Faisal Azeem Abbassi1, Atta Ullah2, Muhammad Saim Hashmi1, Khadim Hussain1* and Nasim Akhter1
...n different tehsils (sub-divisions) of the district. Results of Multinomial Logit Model demonstrate that human capital has the strongest positive role to enable households to enter into more rewarding livelihood strategies. Study recommends to take appropriate steps to reduce pressure on natural resources, to make further investment in human capital to enable people entering into more rewarding livelihood strategies and to educate households to use remittance ...
Chen Shi, Jianlong Zhang and Guanghui Teng*
Ghani Akbar
...lign: justify;">Malakand division has rich natural resources, having large potential for agriculture and tourism development, while its strategic location indicates a tendency of increasing importance of this region in the near future. Agriculture, one of the main sources of income of 52% of population of Malakand division, is less profitable due to traditional farming methods. Therefore, this paper is aimed to investigate t...
Waqas, A. Imtiaz1, Yousaf Khan1, Syed Waqar Shah2
COST VERSUS RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF NEW TREE-BASED HYBRID PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM
...onventional optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system for passive optical network (PON) has
limited applications in providing protection to network components. This increases the overall downtime of PON, and
reduce its feasibility for deployment at the access domain. Therefore, it is imperative to design an economical system
that should be able to provide fault detection and restoration at both feeder and the distribution level....
limited applications in providing protection to network components. This increases the overall downtime of PON, and
reduce its feasibility for deployment at the access domain. Therefore, it is imperative to design an economical system
that should be able to provide fault detection and restoration at both feeder and the distribution level....
Hazrat Hussain*, Muhammad Ibrahim**, Navid Ahmed***, Zia ul Haq**, Bashir Alam***
ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT LOAD FROM GOAML RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GOMAL ZAM DAM LIFESPAN
... surface water hydrology division of WAPDA was analyzed. Based on the available data and using regression analysis a model is developed to establish a correlation between water discharge and sediment load. The model is an attempt to ascertain the rate of erosion in the catchment of the Gomal River since no generalized model has so far been developed to explain the nature of such weathering activities and all such works are situation specifi...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1
Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...ogical zones of Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The qualitative traits showed significant level of diversity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield contributing traits showed ...
Sher Bahadar Khan1, Mumtaz Ali Khan2,*, Hameed Ullah Khan3, Sher Ali Khan4, Shah Fahad5, Faheem Ahmad Khan6, Irshad Ahmad7, Nighat Nawaz8, Sidra Bibi9 and Muhammad Muneeb10
...being higher in Peshawar division (21%) followed by Bannu division (16%), Malakand division (13%) and Hazara division (8%). Over all highest antibiotic resistance was found against AMX (93%) followed by LIN (88%), AMP (86%), TET (82%), SXT (75), CHL (68%), CLR (65%), STR (50%), GEN (44%), OFX (27%), CIP (25%), LFX (13%) and AZM (11%) while the least resi...
Mehwish Saleem Khan
Evaluation of Changes in Zinc Levels in Patients Suffering from Cancer
...al and uncontrolled cell division. Some cancers may eventually spread into other tissues. There are more than 200 different types of cancer. Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity or excessive drinking of alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In this study zinc level in serum of cancer patients was obse...
Sajid Ali1, Abdul Basit1,3*, Abdul Mateen Khattak1, Syed Tanveer Shah1, Izhar Ullah2, Noor Alam Khan3, Imran Ahmad1, Kamran Rauf1, Salman Khan1, Irfan Ullah1 and Intizar Ahmad1
Managing the Growth and Flower Production of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) through Benzyle Amino Purine (BAP) Application and Pinching
...ages the growth and cell division of dormant buds and bushiness of plant by reducing its height. Similarly, pinching of terminal branches increase the cytokinins and decrease auxin concentrations flourishing the axillary buds. A research study on the growth and production of zinnia flowers through application of BAP (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg L-1) and pinching (2, 4 and 6 leaf stages), was carried out at The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Research a...
Site Selection of Solar Farms Deploying Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) A KPK Based Study
Rehman Akhtar1, Khizar Azam2, Abdur Rehman Babar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Rashid Nawaz1 and Imran Ahmad1
...e solar farm location in division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Thana, Chakdara, Harichand, Palai, Pir Khel and Shergarh city are evaluation by Fuzzy AHP on the basis of above-mentioned factors. Shergarh city is selected for most suitable location for the installation of solar panels.
...
Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4
...t: normal;">Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) techniques have attracted much attention by allowing each communicating subscriber’s simultaneous access of the entire medium with maximum security and spectral efficiency. This paper aims to design and analyze 2 dimensional OCDMA based coding scheme and corresponding network architecture to support high capacity Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON). The coding scheme is proposed by deploying di...
Ahmad Abrar Khan* and Muhammad Idrees
...of intercropping, proper division and allocation of lands suitable to stone fruits, vegetables, grain crops, and other cash crops and relaxation in criteria for the government’s establishment orchard and non-government agriculture departments/agencies.
...
Hazrat Ali1, 2* and Ezzat Khan1*
Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar
...Purposively three forest divisions had been selected namely Swat, Kalam and Siran of Malakand and Hazara forest regions. The study based on cross sectional data. Data were collected from 321 randomly selected households in three JFM (experimental group) and nearby three non-JFM (control group) villages, located in the same forest-ecological and socio-economic settings. The study analyzed the effects of JFM on local livelihood by using binary logistic regressio...
Aamer Abbas1, Jabbar Khan1*, Mir Abid Hassan2, Asif Qayyum3 and Hamed Shafiq4
Pir Meher Ali Shah1*, Shahryar Shafique Qureshi1, Rizwan Aslam Butt2, Haider Ali3 and Shahid Khan4
...re. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) techniques are employed to ensure high capacity. Furthermore, free space optical (FSO) links are employed at the distribution level (DL) to facilitate dense deployment of RRUs near the subscriber’s premises. The proposed model is analyzed in Optisystem, and it is observed to support 40 Gbps of data, over 4 km length of ...
Ayesha Khan1*, Asmatullah2, Urooba Perviaz1, Khalid Nawab1 and Mahmood Iqbal1
...f the study was Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The EM-Technology using 128 farmers’ data were gathered from the District Director Agriculture of six districts. Each farmer was interviewed face to face to collect accurate information of EM-Technology used through fermenter. Majority of the farmers 93.8% were provided the EM-Bioaab solution by extension department. The extension department provided training to 96.1% farmers on formation of Extend...
Saeed Ahmed Essote1, Asim Iqbal1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2*, Asmatullah Kakar1, Imran Taj2, Shahab-ud-Din Kakar1 and Imran Ali 3,4*
Palwasha1, Siraj-ud-Din1 and Muhammad Fahim2*
Mohammad Mahmudi1,2*, Muhammad Musa1,2, Sulastri Arsad1,2, Evellin Dewi Lusiana1,2, Alamanda Bunga1, Nur Azlina Wati1
...orophyta and Chrysophyta divisions, which favour shrimp growth. On the other hand, water quality parameters across studied sites were quite similar, except for temperature and dissolved oxygen. Therefore, the study indicated that the existence of mangrove was supporting to increase the quality of water supply for the cultivation as well as the aquaculture water sewage in terms of phytoplankton bioindicator.
Keywords | Bioindicator; Coastal ecosystem; I...
Zhan-Zhong Liu1, Chun-Ying Wang1, Jian-Ye Yang2, Qing-Hua Liu3,4, Xiao Zhang3* and Liang Wang3,4*
...g the ten administrative divisions of Xuzhou city, Suining county (n=31) and Pizhou City (n=15) have the most cases while Tongshan district has none. A representative familial cluster with 6 cases was analyzed in detail in order to get a better understanding of the transmission routes of the virus. Furthermore, we performed a retrospective, single-centre study of 41 COVID-19 patients at Xuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital in terms of clinical findings, which p...
Sher Bahadar Khan1,*, Mumtaz Ali Khan2, Irshad Ahmad3, Faheem Ahmad Khan4, Hamayun Khan1 and Sher Ali Khan5
...found in Peshawar-Mardan division (30%), followed by Malakand (28.5%), Bannu-Dera Ismail khan division (25%) and Hazara division (16%). Over all the high resistance was found against Lin (96.25%) followed by AMX (82.5%), TET (63.75%), AMP (58.75%), SXT (50%), CHL (48.7%), CLR (36.25%), STR (25%), GEN (17.5%), OFX (15%), LFX (12.5%), AZM (8.75%) while least resistance against GAT (3.375%) a...
Dhiya Altememy1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Samira Shokri3, Saber Abbaszadeh4
..., angiogenesis rate, and division of fibroblast cells and Masson’s trichrome slides were used to determine the rate of collagenization, wound, and extracellular matrix. After the treatment, the size of the wound in the Tio2 N.P. synthesis by Origanum vulgare, Tio2 N.P. synthesis by carvacrol, methicillin, Tio2 N.P., and alginate pad groups of diabetic rats and alginate pad group of non-diabetic rats were determined 7.03 ± 1, 11.12 ± 1, 10.7...
Shabana Ehsan1*, Aneela Riaz2, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Abid Ali1, Ifra Saleem3, Muhammad Aftab3, Khalid Mehmood4, Fakhar Mujeeb1, Muhammad Asif Ali1, Hina Javed1, Fraza Ijaz1, Anwar-ul-Haq5, Khaliq-ur-Rehman3 and M. Usman Saleem4
... Rawalpindi and Sargodha divisions. The screening of bacterial isolates for siderophore production through CAS-shuttle assay (quantitative) and CAS-agar (qualitative) was done. Isolates were further characterized for Fe and phosphorus solubilization, indole acidic acid (IAA) equivalents, and organic acid production. The growth chamber and field study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of these isolates on the growth and yield parameters of wheat. Total ...
Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3
...nomic fatalities in most divisions of the globe as well as Pakistan. This study was designed with the objective to determine the hematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 500 blood samples (Sheep, n=250, Goat, n=250) were collected from different areas of South Waziristan. Samples were processed meant for the incidence of haemo-parasites and diverse hematological lim...
Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...he Northern and Southern divisions, reflecting imbalanced regional development. These findings suggest government intervention in housing and health sectors. The current ‘Naya Pakistan Housing Program (NPHP)’ is well targeted and needs to be extended to the rural areas, where poor people are deprived of standard housing facilities. The ‘Sehat Insaaf Program’ of health insurance is very inspiring; however, its domain for vide range of he...
Hidayat Ullah1, Sadia Tabassum1, Sultan Ayaz2, Shumaila Noreen1, Atta Ur Rehman1, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhsin Ali3, Zaib Ullah3* and Sajid Mahmood1,4
Shabana Memon1*, Aamir Ali Abro1, Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro2, Aqsa Farid3, Maliha Habib4, Maqbool Ahmed5, Liaquat Ali Bhutto6, Saba Ambreen Memon7 and Muhammad Farooq8*
Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3
... among farmers in Lahore division of Punjab, Pakistan. And, to get knowledge from farmers regarding local knowledge system (LKS) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Most of respondents 97% (out of total 250) were male and 28% were between the ages of 26-45 years. Thirteen percent respondents had acquired education up to secondary level, and 92% respondents got knowledge about pesticide usage from pesticide retailers. Most of the respondents (85%) visited doc...
Yufang Liu1,2, Guiling Cao3, Yujing Xie3 and Mingxing Chu1*
...ere clustered into 10 subdivisions in A group, 8 in E group and 9 in B group under three categories, mainly in posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones, energy production and conversion, and transcription process. Pathway analysis in KEGG pathway database of the known genes revealed that the five pathways that most differentially expressed genes involving: GnRH signaling pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway, melanogenesis, thyroid hormone sy...
Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4
...127 locations of six sub-divisions of district Mirpurkhas (locally known as talukas) i.e. Digri, Hussain Bux Mari, Jhuddo, Kot Ghulam Muhammad, Mirpurkhas and Sindhri. The coordinates of each sampling point were recorded with Magellan® Triton™ 200 GPS device. Efforts were made to include all agriculturally important union councils of six talukas, involving a variety of soil use and crop scenarios, viz. wheat, sugarcane, mango, brassica. Soil texture ...
Nadia Jabeen1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada2 and Alia Gul3
Tehreem Fatima1, Jabbar Khan1,*, Hamid Shafiq2, Dost Muhammad3, Muhammad Rafi1 and Shoaib ur Rehman1
... Ismail Khan (D.I. Khan) division where the temperature remains at 45-50°C during the months of June to September, it was hypothesized that heat stress conditions do induce the overexpression of HSPs, especially Hsp70. It was thus attempted to find out the possible role of Hsp70 in those human being having the age of 90 years or above, called longevity people, against heat stress conditions. Whole blood samples of 45 longevity individuals and 20 samples of...
Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2*
...ts the recently proposed division of AF4 lineage into two sub-lineages (AF4a and AF4b). Divergence from SAD B19 vaccine strain sequence was also reported but the exact effect of the observed genetic changes in an infectious RABV particle dictates in-vivo studies. ...
Erni Damayanti1,2, Herry Sonjaya2*, Sudirman Baco2, Hasbi Hasbi2, Ekayanti Mulyawati Kaiin3
... 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-cell division. EGF concentrations in the medium of 2-cell to 16-cell ranged from 0.8539 ng/mL-0.2838 ng/mL. The concentration of FGF2 in follicular fluid is 0.629 ng/mL, while the concentration of FGF2 in maturation media, culture media 2 cells, 4 cells, 8 cells and 16 cells respectively, namely 0.032 ng/mL, 0.015 ng/mL, 0.011 ng/mL, 0.009 ng/mL and 0.008 ng/mL. In conclusion, EGF concentration was found more in follicular fluid and culture...
RUBAB ZAFAR KAHLON*& IBTISAM BUTT
...ersity in the Rawalpindi division of
Punjab during 2007-2015. Secondary sources of data were utilized for the
study. The district-wise data for 12 bird species was obtained from the
Zoological Survey of Pakistan, Islamabad and Arid Agriculture University,
Rawalpindi from 2007-2015. The collected data was arranged and
tabulated in Microsoft Excel 15 and SPSS 22 and were analyzed for
linear ...
Hui Fang*, Kai Xue and Teng Yang
...cium signaling, and cell division based on GO and KEGG analysis. What’s more, by detecting the expression of the key ADPKD-related miRNA-mRNA in vitro experiments, two miRNAs (miR-199a-3p, miR-107) and four candidate target mRNAs (Protein Kinase C Epsilon, PRKCE; Transmembrane P24 Trafficking Protein 5, TMED5; RUNX1 Partner Transcriptional Co-Repressor 1, RUNX1T1; and Fibroblast growth factor 2, FGF2) were identified. In conclusion, ADPKD may be better u...
Siddique Ahmad1*, Basit Ullah1, Sajid Ali2, Ali Zaid1, Zeeshan Ahmad3, Muhammad Usaid1, Muhammad Zeeshan1 and Saif Ullah3
...ote active cell and root division, plant growth, productivity, suppress harmful microorganisms, and enhance the decomposition of organic matter. Results showed that integrated use of PM and N (120 or 160 kg ha-1) along with the application of bio-aab significantly (P≤0.05) improved tillers m-2 (12%), grains spike-1 (15%), biological yield (31%) and grain yield (39%) as compared to control plots. Results of the bio-aab treated plots were found (8%) superior ...
Sajida Batool1, Mubeen Akhtar1, Shafaat Yar Khan1,2*
Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2
...d over (11) agricultural divisions. A descriptive approach was used as a method to achieve the research goals. A questionnaire was designed to collect data for the purpose of the study. It contained two main axes. The first axis contains areas (9) for developing the skills of rural youth, paragraph (69) and the second axis contains problems and obstacles that hinder the work of agricultural projects. I was one paragraph. After data collection, results were ana...
Naila Amjad1, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2, Shafaat Yar Khan1 and Sania Waliat1
...t localities of Sargodha division (Sargodha, Khushab, Jauharabad, Mianwali, and Bhakkar), Punjab, Pakistan, and tested against selected insecticides. The resistance ratios (RR) at LC50 ranged from 10.32-35.37 folds for deltamethrin, 17.49-38.13 folds for fipronil, and 10.70-18.81 folds for chlorpyrifos. The RR values at LC50 for imidacloprid and pyriproxyfen ranged from 4.35-28.0 and 10.56-21.45 folds, respectively. The study showed varying levels of resistanc...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim3, Imad-ul-Din Zangi4
Mubashar Hussain*, Habiba Razaq, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Kiran Aftab, Jaweria Riaz and Somia Liaqat
...ommunities from three subdivisions of district Mandi Bahauddin (Phalia, Malakwal and Mandi Bahauddin) were sampled by handpicking and placing pitfall traps from August 2020 to July 2021. A total of 4008 specimens were collected which belonged to 18 species, 11 genera, nine tribes, and five subfamilies. Data were analyzed with Similarities Percentage (SIMPER) analysis and diversity indices were compared among those three croplands. We found that Pheropsophus li...
Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2
...d among (5) agricultural divisions, the descriptive approach was used as a method to achieve the objectives of the research. A questionnaire was prepared to collect study data if it included two main axes. The first axis included (8) fields of developing and developing the capabilities of rural women by (50) paragraphs. The second axis included the determinants that hinder Work in agricultural projects, as it included four areas with (22) paragraphs. After the...
Mansour, Abeer E.M.; Khodeir, M.H. and Hussein, A.M.H.•
...ide, MSG enhanced cell 1 division due to its of amino acid content and accordingly increased the available cell number for virus replication. There will be a need to more research to investigate the effect of CaC12 and MSG on the immune response of vaccinated animals with FMD vaccine including such materials and their effect on the vaccine stability....
Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3
...ea improvement, waterway division, and basin determination. These characteristics provide valuable insights into country’s water resources management, including the optimization of water use for different purposes and the strategies’ development to deal with water scarcity and drought. The analysis of hydrology characteristics in Iraqi dams has been conducted using remote sensing techniques and GIS. Due to its arid to semi-arid climate, limited wat...
Nasir Shah1,4, Muhammad Ibrahim1*, Zarnosh Habib2, Kalsoom3 and Zahir Shah4
Muhammad Umair Khan*, Zahid Rauf, Abdur Rehman, Tanvir Hussain and Mansoor Ali Khan
Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai
...miting ridge between its divisions and appears relatively lobulated. This age was characterized by longitudinal and translational folds along the entire inner surface. Histologically, both organs were composed of the same four basic layers. Due to some of its distinct anatomical and physiological characteristics, this animal species is valuable as a model in numerous scientific investigations. Therefore, this study sheds light on the histomorphological and his...
Ashar Farooq1 and Shakeel Ahmad2
Tanvir Hussain and G. M. Nasir
Inam Ullah, Zahid Ahmad, Syed Hasnain Abbas and Kaleem Shah
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...ct the five villages per division to collect the relevant data from 50 respondents, according to the pre tested structured questionnaire.
The average household size in the study area was 6 persons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% with religious education. The study revealed that 30% of the respondents have agriculture as a sole source of livelihood whereas 70% also have other activities along with agriculture. Ma...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Waseem
Naveed Ahmed
...as conducted in three subdivisions of Murree Forest Division to find out the causes and extent of damage of blue pine forest. The result revealed that the top dried shoots and twigs of trees were infested by two bark beetles, Ips longifolia and Scolytus major belonging to the family Scolytidae, order Coleoptera. Feeding on the cambium of the tender branches, the pest infested blue pine in a range of 5-8% in Municiple ...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
... they contain. These are divisions of the Earth's surface based on plant life form or the adaptation of plants to climatic, soil and other conditions. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants with very different evolutionary histories.
The Punjab province is mainly a fertile region along t...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
... in the total of two sub-divisions, fifty households were selected randomly; 6-7 from each village. The results indicated that average household size was seven persons per household having 68% of them one earning member and 70% were directly employed in fishery sector. 80% respondents had their own livestock and agriculture land. Avuaennia marina is mostly fed to the animals as lopped from vicinity forests. Water shortage, erosion and salinity were main...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...alakand and Hazara civil divisions. This region spans over 4697 thousand hectares and sustains about 51million sedentary livestock head in addition to a large number of nomadic herds. Principal land use of the region is grazing followed by agriculture and natural forests. The ranges in the region are classified as Alpine pastures, Trans-Himalayan grazing lands and Himalayan forest and open grazing lands. This region provides 4909.3 DM, 288.8 CP and 2402.2 TDN ...
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash
...ron is essential to cell division (Haas and Klotz, 1931) in the meristematic tissue and in the cambium and is a necessary component of cell wall (Berger, 1949). It prevents excessive swellings & Plays some part in the formation of pectin. Its deficiency results in cellular swellings of the middle lemella followed by the discoloration & breakdown of cell wall as a result of boron starvation strongly indicates that boron plays definite role in the formation of p...
Muhammad Naqash, Anwar Ali, Ahmad Hussain, Mamoona Wali Muhammad, Ahmad Zamir, Ikram Ul Haq
...gora and Matta Forest Subdivisions and Kabal and Fatehpur Ranges. In Mingora and Matta Subdivisions the survival rate was 92.08% and 94.65% while in Kabal and Fatehpur the survival rate was 89.20 and 93.50 %. Majority of plants (74%) have height of above 9 inches and 26% have height less than 9 inches. Species composition showed 83.80% Eucalyptus camaldulensis, 14.21% Pinus roxburghii and 1.57% Robinia psed...
Mohammad Nabi and Muhammad Ullah
...pling in Malakand Forest division of Dodonaea viscosa.
Presently 55.83% regeneration represents 'Poor regeneration' 25.83% shows 'fairly good regeneration' while 18.33% indicates 'Good to excellent regeneration'. It was estimated that there are 1, 66, 78,779 Seedling/saplings in the whole Malakand Forest Division. The maximum regeneration was found on South-western aspect whereas minimum were found on the Nort...
Presently 55.83% regeneration represents 'Poor regeneration' 25.83% shows 'fairly good regeneration' while 18.33% indicates 'Good to excellent regeneration'. It was estimated that there are 1, 66, 78,779 Seedling/saplings in the whole Malakand Forest Division. The maximum regeneration was found on South-western aspect whereas minimum were found on the Nort...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir, and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
Muhammad Muslim and Hafiz Muhammad Sufyan Babar
...of Dunga Gali forest sub-division, Galies Forest Division, Abbottabad. The study recorded 22 plant species belonging to 20 families. The highest (Relative Density) RD was 13.6% for Valeriana wallichii while the lowest was 0.1% for Arisaema wallichianum and Podophyllum emodi. The RF 12.6% was highest for Adiantum capillus-veneris followed by 10.9% for Viburnum nervosum. Lowest (Relative Frequency) RF was found to be 0.4% for ...
Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
Effect of climate change on growth of blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) grown in Chitral Forest Division
Tanvir Hussain and G. M. Nasir
Raja Muhammad Ashfaq and Mohammad Khan
...d into four physical sub-divisions of Northern and Western mountains, the Indus basin and the Coastal zone. The northern mountains constitute the major portion of the watersheds of the Indus and Jhelum river system. The land in these watersheds is mainly in private ownership. wooded areas are interspersed with agriculture fields and often steep slopes are cultivated. Out of about 88 million ha total land area
of the country, 26.6 million ha comprise the uplan...
Umeed Khalid, Abdul Ghafoor and Naeem Ashraf Raja
*Raja Muhammad Omer, **Shaukat Ali Khan and ***Charles R. Hatch
...en issued in four forest divisions of Punjab and tow forest divisions of NWFP. A sample survey of
approximately 10 percent of these contracts was
undertaken in 1993. This study describes attributes of
private farm nursery operators, estimates the supply,
demand and direct sale of tree seedlings from private
farm nurseries, identifies limitations which prevent the
marketing of tree seedlings, and suggests changes in
fo...
Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Muslim
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Anwar Ahmad Khan
Suppression of Chir pine regeneration by Imperata cylindrical (L) P. Beauv. in Hazara Civil Division
P. H. Haydock Wilson and A. R. Beg
K. M. Siddiqui M. Ayaz and A. Jah
Mohammad Ayaz and Gerhard Stohr
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
M.I. Sheikh, R. W. Hussain and Saliheen Khan
...er of houses in Peshawar division in 1986 is estimated as 377,000. Out of these only 162 households were interviewed to conduct this study. Average family size varies between 7 and 10 persons for both rural and urban
population. Mean monthly income per sample household comes to Rs.2610/- and Rs.3390 for rural and urban areas respectively. Number of persons using one room has been estimated 4.03 and 3.62 in rural and urban areas. Number of rooms per sample hou...
Wali-ur-Rahman and M. I on ail Chaudhry
K. M. Siddiqui and Iqbal Mahmood
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and B. H. Bangash
Jaleel A. Khan and K.M. Siddiqui
G. M. Khattak and Ashiq Ahmad
K.M. Siddiqui and M. Khan
E. B. Glennie and Raja Walyat Hussain
... Forests of Hazara civil division. The table is based on data from 74 temporary sample plots laid out in Guzara forests. Location of the plots is shown in Figure 1. The size of the plots ranged from 0.1 acres (0.04 hectares) to 0.6 acres (0.24 hectares) and the age of the plots ranged from 12 years to 72 years....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Altaf Ahmad
Raja Walayat Hussain and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
...s also found in Malakand division, Gilgit agency and Hazara district and one of its best avenues is seen on the road from Abbottabad to Mansehra. Very beautiful specimens of the species are also found in Gilgit agency specially towards Punyal and Yasin side where it attains huge dimensions and seems to be
pyramidalisvariety. When the trees attain a diameter between 5 inches to 10 inches at breast height these are felled by the farmers to meet their sma...
Saiful Islam1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2
...ding YHM for comparative division to the tertiary outlets. Hydrophytes growth was observed in head reaches of canal. Five types of aquatic weeds were found. The hydrophytes growth in canal head reaches directly reduces the cross section by more than 50%. Indirectly the free-floating hydrophytes got stuck in the outlets and affected its flow. Therefore, daily discharges were measured with and without detached hydrophytes at each outlet from staff gauging. Frequ...
Atikah Nur Baity1, Noni Ashri Maghfiroh1, Syalsa Bella Fitriana1, Kurniawan Dwi Prihantoko2, Dyah Maharani2, Diah Tri Widayati2*
...es unite to continue the division process. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage periods in liquid nitrogen on DNA fragmentation of post-thawed semen of Bali bull. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Seventy-five semen straws produced from one bull were divided into 3 groups; each group consisted of 25 semen straws as long as 3, 6, and 8 months of...
Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1
...e locations covering all divisions of Bangladesh. Phenotypic traits (Body weight, body length, chest girth, neck length, head length, ear length, wither height, back height, length from ear to tail, mane length, tail length) and reproductive features (Age of 1st heat and conception, foaling interval, gestation length and estrous length) were recorded for phenotypic characterization (n=240). Half of the farmers (53.20%) possess a basic level of education and ag...
Asad Ali, Anwar Ali, Muhammad Farooq and Basheer Ahmad*
...l rate of 93% in both subdivisions (Teri and Karak) of the Kohat forest division, with Karak Forest Subdivision recording a 92% survival rate and Teri Forest Range having a 93% survival rate. Species composition in the plantation consisted of 55% eucalyptus, 18% phulai, 16% Shisham, 7% kikar, and 3% sanatha. Acacia modesta exhibited an average girth of 3.4 cm and a height of 0.4 m in 15 mo...
Murad Muhammad1,2,3*, Shahid Ullah1, Nimrah Ameen4, Abdul Wahab3,5, Abdul Basit6, Muqadas Batool7, Muhammad Nazim2,3 and Haroon Khan8
...illages of the Larjam subdivisions, specifically interviewing 120 local respondents (85 males, including herbalists and pansiris, and 35 women) regarding the naturally occurring medicinal weeds in the area. During the field survey, traditional knowledge and the ethnobotanical relevance of seasonal weeds were collected. A total of 65 species from 24 families were recorded across the four different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) in 2021–2023,...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Abou Bakar Siddique1*, M. Jahangir Shah1, Mumtaz Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad1, M. Bilal Zafar1, Maryam Hayat1, Shamsa Rasool1, Zainulabdeen1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza3, Malik Ibrar Yousaf2 and Usman Majeed1
...as located at Bahawalpur divisions at different location under (Pakistan Agriculture Research Council PARC), Arid Zone Research Institute in two crop seasons 2022-2023. Five different germplasm were used for the study 21213, 21474, 20617, 21260 and 21988. The study was carried out to calculate the effects of chemical plant fertilizer include N and P (chemical fertilizing system), animal manure (Farmyard Manure), combination with chemical fertilizer (also known...
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1, Tamana Bakht2, Luqman5*, Noor Muhammad1, Naeem Khan3, Iqbal Munir4, Ruqayya Qazi1 and Shazia2
...ithin three (3) selected divisions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was carried out in 2016. The region-wise results showed the over all incidence of potato virus Y (PVY) to be highest in all the three divisions on potato crop followed by the incidence of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). The PVYand PLRV incidence in Malakand divisionwas noted by 62.7 and 44.6 %, respectively. In Peshawar
Muhammad Al-Maruf1, Mahfuzul Islam2, Md. Rashedul Islam3, Syidul Islam1, Md. Sirazul Islam4, Md. Roknuzzaman Khan1, Md. Khairul Islam1, Md. Akib Zabed1, K. B. M. Saiful Islam1*
Pangesti Nugrahani1*, Hery Purnobasuki2, Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori3, Jatuporn Anuchai4 and Anugerah Dany Priyanto5,6
...role in stimulating cell division and differentiation. This study aimed to assess the impact of BAP on various growth parameters, including shoot initiation, root initiation, leaf initiation, shoot and root length, plantlet weight, root number, leaf number, and shoot number. The study followed a completely randomized design with one factor, namely the composition of the planting medium, consisting of five treatments: full MS without BAP (MS0), ½ MS with...
Dipa Rani Pal*, Injamamul Haque Rasel, Tarun Chandra Mondal, Mohammed Lalmoddin Mollah and Shampa Rani
...roiler farms of Barishal division were observed for the determination of infectious bursal disease (IBD) during the period of 1st July 2023 to 30th June 2024. Based on history and postmortem pathological lesions the overall prevalence of IBD was 15.10%. The major pathological lesions observed in this study were hemorrhages on thigh and breast muscles, swollen kidneys and principal findings were in the bursa of fabricious which appeared inflamed, edematous, hyp...
Adel Sobhy1, Ahmed El-khamary1, Ahmed M. Rashwan2,3, Ashraf Shamaa4, Mostafa Kassem5, Mohamed M. A. Abumandour6*, Ahmed El-Mansi7, 8 and Ahmed G. Nomir2
...ater tuberosity) and p2 (division site of all plexus nerves) of six cadavers. Finally, the live experimental study involved brachial plexus injections at both sides of p1 and p2 (standing position). Our results from the cadaveric US showed that the brachial plexus root was sufficiently stained at site p1 as opposed to site p2. In the live experimental study, the brachial plexus appeared as a hyperechoic cluster at the p1 site, while the large and small rounded...
Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady
... then divided into three divisions (caput, corpus, and cauda) for histopathological study. HandE staining was used to detect general structures and histopathological changes. Special stains are used to detect collagen fibers, and mucopolysaccharide. The treated group (G2) shows a significant reduction in total length of epididymis and segments, as well as a non-significant drop in total weight. Histologically, the epididymis tubules showed a significant decrea...
Mujahid Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Emily Silverman3, Asif Iqbal1, Muhammad Mohsan1, Haseeb Ahsan4
...the most water-consuming division of the country. More than 80% of the agricultural water is partitioned into wheat, cotton, maize, sugarcane, and rice. Seepage from rivers/canals, mismanagement, unequal distribution, pollution, and salinization are major contributing factors to the water crisis. Climatic conditions, global warming, and lack of rainfall are worsening agricultural losses in this arid environment. More awareness is needed in the farming communit...
Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi*, Saifullah
...t in the Matta Forest subdivision of Swat valley. The phytosociology of the study area has been analyzed using a total of 35 sample plots in the field to provide a detailed description and analysis of the plant species present in the ChirPine forest. The study area is characterized by a dominant presence of Pinus roxburgii, accounting for a substantial 73.0% of the total trees. However, this forest is not a monoculture; it boasts a diverse array of tree specie...
Abid Hussain1*, Bilal Khan Yousafzai1 and Muhammad Ishaq2
...inces and administrative divisions with rural urban divide. The study has been carried out to fill the research gap, as the available literature on food security and dietary diversity in Pakistan primarily focuses on women and children under the age of five. This study is an attempt to cover geographical location wise determination of the dietary diversity in Pakistan. Changes in monthly per capita consumption of high value agricultural commodities from year 2...
