Vol. 53, Iss. 5, Pages 1603-2000

Performance Evaluation of Beekeeping Farms: A Case Study from Gümüşhane, Turkey

Nilgun Dogan, Hakan Adanacioglu

The main purpose of this study is to determine the economic performance of the beekeeping farms. For this purpose, a survey was done in Kelkit County, in northeastern Turkey. The performances of the beekeeping farms were evaluated by cost, profitability and ef…

miR-216b Downregulates Intestinal IL2RB to Inhibit the Invasion of Echinococcus granulosus Eggs in the Kazakh Sheep

Xuhai Wang, Xin Li, Fangyuan Yuan, Chaocheng Li, Bin Jia, Song Jiang

To study the early molecular immunity of Echinococcus granulosus infection in livestock, especially in sheep, the immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization was used to study the relationship and the distribution between miR-216b and IL2RB in the intestine ti…

Effects of Different Dietary Lipid Levels on the Growth Performance, Body Composition and Digestive Enzymes of the Dog Conch, Laevistrombus canarium

Jen-Hong Chu, Ya-Wen Lan, Shyn-Shin Sheen, Angela Chien

A feeding experiment investigated the effects of dietary lipid levels on the growth, muscle composition and digestive enzyme of 0.28 g Laevistrombus canarium. Five semi-purified diets containing 0% (L0), 2% (L2), 4% (L4), 6% (L6), and 12% (L12) lipids were for…

Macroanatomical Investigation of the Plexus Brachialis in the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)

Ayse Haligur, Sema Ozkadif

The red fox is widely distributed all over the world. These animals feed as wild animals and off the waste of people, thus having a close association with people. Anatomical knowledge of the red fox is very poor and we aimed to investigate the branches of the…

Identification of Novel Mutations in LCT-Gene of Pakistani Patients with Lactose Non-persistence

Maria Qibtia, Muhammad Wasim, Farzana Chowdhary, Muhammad Tayyab, Sehrish Faryal, Ahmed Mansouri et al.

Lactose non-persistence (LNP) develops due to the downregulation of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) enzyme. LPH is encoded by the LCT-gene located on chromosome 2q21. In this study, 50 patients with LI were investigated for the identification of mutation…

Effect of Extracts of Cupressus macrocarpa and Alpinia officinarum on Expression of Chitinase and FGF Receptor Genes in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 Cell Line

Hesham M. Abd El Halim, Maysa M. Hegazy, Aishah Alatawi, Imtiaz Ali Khan, Munawar Saleem Ahmad

Since plant extracts have long been known to be chitin inhibitor and agents for developmental arrest, chitinase genes and genes that are vital for starting the differentiation program of cells at discrete steps during development are major targets for biocide…

Expression of the ZFX Gene in Mouse Kidney During Postnatal Development

Xiangzu Wang, Jifeng Xi, Bin Jia, Yongsheng Zhang, Chaocheng Li

The relationship of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important in normal kidney development. The ZFX gene is important for regulation of growth, proliferation and differentiation in tissue cells while the Bcl-2 and BAX genes regulate apoptosis. This experim…

Identifying Bird Traits that Enable them to Become Urban Exploiters in an Urban Area of Mardan, Pakistan

Asif Sadam, Rahmat Ullah Khan, Sajid Mahmood

The expansion of urban landscape causes shift in biodiversity. This study aimed to identify the traits that enable bird species to become urban exploiters i.e. to colonize and become abundant in highly urbanized areas. Bird species were identified in point cou…

Effects of a New Sex Pheromone Trap and Biological Agents on the Control of Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen)

Wen-Feng Li, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Hong-Li Shan, Xiao-Yan Cang, Zhi-Ming Luo et al.

The sugarcane borer is a type of pest that severely damages sugarcane. To explore and seek effective and environmentally friendly control technology for sugarcane borers, promote environmentally friendly control for sugarcane pests, new sex pheromone trap of s…

Artificial Activation of Mouse Oocytes with SrCl2 with Minimal Detrimental Effect on Early Embryonic Development

Arslan Mahmood Ahmad, Muhammad Ameen Jamal, Abdul Sattar, Aamir Ghafoor, Aqeel Javeed, Amjad Riaz

Zygote, the first step in the life establishment, is sensitive to environmental impact. Any detrimental effect to this unit may lead to major abnormalities in future development. Artificial activation of oocyte is a one of key step in cloning. Strontium chlori…

Diet of Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus) in Forest Areas of Souk Ahras Region (North-Eastern Algeria): Management Implications

Asma Kaouachi, Mohcen Menaa, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah, Mohamed Cherif Maazi

The wood pigeon Columba palumbus is a common bird in Algerian forests. In the near past the species populations have increased significantly in Algeria. In order to better comprehend the ecology and vital needs of the wood pigeon and to help with our results i…

Human- Indian Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) Conflict and Threats to Mongoose in Mirpur District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Muhammad Furqan, Zulfiqar Ali, Usman Ali, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad, Bushra Nisar Khan, Waqar Ahmed et al.

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ and K) is blessed with a rich floral and faunal diversity. The Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii Hilaire, 1818) is a small carnivore, controls the population of reptiles, ground birds, small mammals, insects, distributed in p…

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Morphometric Analysis of Skin in Different Body Regions of Young and Adult Red Sindhi Cattle Bos indicus

Imran Tarique, Muhammad Ghiasuddin Shah, Illahi Bux Kalhoro, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani, Mansoor Tariq, Jamil Ahmed Gandahi et al.

The study is carried out on the histology and micrometrical analysis in skin of different body regions (dewlap, abdomen, scrotum / udder and thigh) of young and adult of either sex of red Sindhi cattle (Bos indicus). Skin of red Sindhi cattle showed epidermis…

Emergence of Pathogenic Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Goat Milk and Their Comparative Response to Antibiotics

Iqra Muzammil, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem, Amjad Islam Aqib, Ambreen Ashar, Syed Ashar Mahfooz, Sajjad ur Rahman et al.

The nutraceutical milk of goat in agrobased countries is at risk of contamination with pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The current study was designed to investigate prevalence of pathogenic strains of S. aureus, assessment of risk factors, and in-…

The Function of a Migration Corridor for a Passerine: A Case Study Based on Age and Gender of Blue-and-white Flycatcher (Cyanoptila cyanomelana)

Bin Liu, Libo Wang, Dandan Xue, Peng Xu, Yuting An, Changhu Lu

Birds of different ages or sexes may select different migration strategies. We studied the spring and autumn migration as well as the body condition of different ages and sexes of the Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana at a migration corridor in…

Supplementation of Soy Based Feed with Linseed and its Effects on Growth and Fatty Acid Profile in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Shafaq Fatima, Farkhanda Manzoor, Humaira Amman, Zakia Kanwal, Asma Latif, Zeeshan Ali et al.

Linseed is an economically important plant source of n-3 polyunsaturated alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) which can be used as supplemental dietary lipid in fish feed particularly carps. In developing countries where fish oil is not an ingredient of fish feed due to…

Conflicts Involving Brown Bear and Other Large Carnivores in the Kalam Valley, Swat, Pakistan

Arshad Ali, Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak, Muhammad Ali Nawaz, Shoaib Hameed

Humans living close to carnivore habitats sometimes develop a negative attitude towards them because of the damages they cause. Such an attitude has costs, both for wild carnivores and local communities. Human costs are mostly in the form of economic loss to p…

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) with Special Reference to Pakistan: A Review on its Different Aspects

Sahar Mubashar, Tariq Mukhtar, Nasir Ahmad Khan

The novel coronavirus took the whole world by storm and in no time spread across the globe and claimed many lives. The most affected countries of the world are USA, Brazil, India, Italy, Iran, Spain, Russia, South Africa, United Kingdom and Peru. In Pakistan,…

Expression of the Tyrosinase Gene in Different Dromedary Camels of Saudi Arabia

Abdullah Sheikh, Faisal Almathen, Hairul Islam Mohamed Ibrahim

Tyrosinase (TYR) gene has a role in regulating the pigmentation process and acts as a precursor for eumelanin or pheomelanin. There have been many studies that reported variations in this gene associate with the coat color of the animal. This is the first stud…

Population Fluctuation of Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis in Guava Orchard Agro-Ecosystem in Sindh Region

Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro, Naheed Baloch, Raza Muhammad Memon, Niaz Hussain Khuhro

The population dynamics of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) were monitored from January to December 2018 in guava orchards of the Sindh Pakistan. The investigations were done at different loc…

Impact of Fishing Activities on the Population of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Stocks of Lake Hayq, Ethiopia

Assefa Tessema Tecklie, Abebe Getahun Gubale, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu, Eshete Dejen Diresilign

The study was conducted between January and December, 2018. The objectives of the study were to assess fishing activities and the impact of fishing on the Nile tilapia fish species in Lake Hayq. A total of 198 fishermen selected randomly from Kebeles bordering…

Micronuclei Assay: A Suitable Tool for Evaluating the Heavy Metals Induced Genotoxicity in Fish, Labeo rohita

Abeera Razzaq, Sajid Abdullah, Huma Naz, Khalid Abbas, Laiba Shafique, Qingyou Liu

Increasing load of heavy metals from industrial, agricultural and commercial chemicals discharged into aquatic habitats could pose a serious threat to the aquatic life like fish. These metals have ability to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (RO…

Genus Spodoptera (Hadeninae: Noctuidae: Lepidoptera): A New Species from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Ayub Iqbal Malik, Maryam Suhail, Shafqat Saeed, Muhammad Umair Sial, Waqar Jaleel et al.

A comprehensive and a comparative taxonomic study of new species of the genus Spodoptera i.e. Spodoptera hirsutus is very similar to the Spodoptera litura but easily distinguish on the basis of different characters of genitalia. Specimens of this genus were id…

COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases

Roheela Yasmeen, Nida Mobeen, Samia Chaudhry

Pandemic COVID-19 is a global issue which affected almost 213 countries with definite cases of 20,542,666 across the world as reported by World Health Organization on August 12, 2020. It causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and mainly invades the lungs thr…

Effect of Luminance on Visual Performance by Secondary Cavity and Non-Cavity Nesting Passerines

Nehafta Bibi, Faiq Jan, Munawar Saleem Ahmad, Haitao Wang

The great majority of avian species is diurnal and thus endures variation in light intensities, associated with daily, seasonal or lunar cycles. These diurnal birds search their food in light abundant environment and raise their broods in dark cavities. Howeve…

Prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in Tropical Area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Saira Gul, Sohail Ahmed, Tahir Usman, Khalid Khan, Sultan Ayaz, Saleha Gul et al.

Bovine anaplasmosis is an infectious tick-borne disease caused by a rickettsial parasite Anaplasma marginale. This study investigated the prevalence of A. marginale in cattle on different commercial farms in subtropical conditions…

Cytological Changes in Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Infected Bone Marrow in Broilers

Syed Maaz Nadeem, Muti ur Rehman Khan, Asim Aslam, Ali Ahmad Sheikh, Arfan Ahmad, Syed Nadeem Mansoor et al.

This study was designed to compare the cytological changes in chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infected bone marrow in broiler chicken. Bone marrow samples were collected from proximal tibiotarsus and femur of each of the five healthy and CAV-infected fl…

Characterization of β-casein Gene Sequence Variants in Cholistani Cattle

Ruqayya Bint Khalid, Asif Nadeem, Maryam Javed, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Masroor Ellahi Babar

β-casein is second most abundant protein of cow’s milk. β-caseingene is highly polymorphic. A1 and A2 are the frequently occurred variants. A1 is recognized as potential cause of several human diseases. It is important to evaluate the A1/A2 &be…

Energy Requirement for Growing Mink Fed on Diets of Different Energy Levels

Ying Yang, Tietao Zhang, Min Rong, JiaPing Xu, Xiumei Xing

The requirement of energy for growth was studied in 176 pastel farm-raised mink (88♂+88♀). Diets formulated with 32% of crude protein and increasing bean oil contents were fed to eight groups of mink. It were fed containing approximately 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 1…

The Dominance Hierarchy of the Female Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkeys, Rhinopithecus bieti

Kai Huang, Wancai Xia, Yi Fu, Yaqiong Wan, Hao Feng, Ali Krzton et al.

Dominance hierarchies are common in social mammals, especially primates. The formation of social hierarchies is conducive to solving the problem of the allocation of scarce resources among individuals. From August 2015 to July 2016, we observed a wild, provisi…

Emergence of Cryptococcus spp. in Donkeys in Egypt: A Potential Public Health Concern

Rahma Mohamed, Sara Nader, Dalia Hamza, Maha A. Sabry

Cryptococcus has gained medical importance over the last decade, as it is an emerging pathogen among immunocompetent individuals. There are no epidemiological data on the prevalence of this fungus in donkeys. The current research was conducted to investigate t…

Determination of Polymorphisms in the GDF5 and EPS8 Genes by HRM Analysis in Holstein Cattle

Zeynep Sonmez, Memis Ozdemir

The aim of this study was to determine new polymorphisms in GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5 (CDMP-1)) and EPS8 (epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 8). After the PCR analysis of the identified gene regions of 72 head Holstein cattle, samples were…

An Assessment of Overexploitation Risk Faced by Penaeus Shrimps in Pakistan by using SPMs: Management Perspectives and Economic Consequences

Muhammad Mohsin, Yin Hengbin, Qian Chong, Bohyun Kim

Most of the published scientific literature declares Pakistani marine fisheries a victim of open access phenomenon. Under the influence of this ongoing regime, it becomes necessary to estimate overexploitation risk and understand ongoing economic implications…

Effect of Herbal Extract on the Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Composition, Ileal Histo-Morphology and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens

Majed Rafeeq, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Masood Tariq, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Muhammad Shafee et al.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic crude extracts of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and jir (Artemisia scoparia) on the performance of broiler chickens. The study used 120 unsexed Hubbard one day old broiler chicks randomly divided into th…

Monthly Variations in Proximate Composition, Fatty Acid Quality and Amino Acid Score of Warty Crab, Eriphia verrucosa (Forsskal, 1775) from the Southern Coast of Black Sea, Turkey

Barış Bayraklı

In this study, monthly amino acid and fatty acid contents of warty crab (Eriphia verrucosa) were determined. From the southern coast of the Black Sea, fifty individuals of warty crab were caught every month. Amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), and mea…

Identification and Expression Patterns of Chemosensory Genes in Male and Female Wax Moths, Galleria mellonella

Shuang Yang, Huiting Zhao, Xuewen Zhang, Kai Xu, Lina Guo, Yali Du et al.

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758), is a notorious pest of honey bee colonies that has negatively affected the global apicultural industry. Olfactory cues influence the behavior of wax moth, where males attract females, making them an i…

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Lameness in Cows at Commercial Dairy Herds in Punjab, Pakistan

Sajid Ali, Muhammad Avais, Aneela Zameer Durrani, Kamran Ashraf, Saira Jabeen, Sajid Hameed et al.

Lameness is one of the biggest insults to the well-being and productivity of dairy cows, which results in colossal economic losses for dairy producers. Nevertheless, it is overlooked and least studied dairy problem in Pakistan. The objective of this study was…

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Induces a Positive Selection Pressure at Gag-Pol Sites in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Favoring Drug Resistance Mutations

Amreen Zahra, Mushtaq A. Saleem, Hasnain Javed, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan, Muhammad Naveed, Abdul Rauf Shakoori

Human immunodeficiency virus the retrovirus causes AIDS. HIV mainly targets the body’s immune system, including the CD4 cells, which help the immune system fight off infections. Gag-Pol are the principal viral elements in HIV-1, which cause disease initi…

Circadian Activity Patterns and Time Budgets of the Complex-Toothed Flying Squirrel (Trogopterus xanthipes) in Different Seasons

Zhi Wang, Wenhua Liu, FadaoTai

The complex-toothed flying squirrel has completely different diet and living habits compared with other squirrel species. Still, its circadian activity patterns and time budgets in different behaviors remain unclear. Using artificial population of the animal b…

New Fossil Collection of Hippohyus sivalensis (Artiodactyla: Suidae: Suinae) from Late Miocene to Pliocene of Siwaliks of Pakistan

Sadaf Aslam, Abdul Majid Khan, Muhammad Akhtar

The fossil remains of Hippohyus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene/Pliocene of Middle and Upper Siwaliks are described.Hippohyus sivalensis is a common suid of late Miocene to Pliocene rocks of Tatrot/Hasnot area of Pakistan. The molar resemblance…

Growth Model of Body Weight and Body Size Traits of Alashan Bactrian Camel (Camelus bactrianus)

Junyan Bai, Zhihao Dong, Rentaodi Wu, Lema Dao, Di Bao, Qiang Zhang et al.

In this study, SPSS software was used to fit five growth models (Logarithmic, Quadratic, Cubic, S, and logistic) of body weight and body size traits of Alashan Bactrian camel. The results showed that the S growth model of body height, body length, chest circum…

Prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and Tuberculosis in Under Privileged Children (Orphans) of District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Samina Tahir Kiani, Abdul Rauf, Syed Ayaz Kazmi, Nuzhat Shafi, Madiha Khalid, Naeem Latif et al.

Present work describes the prevalence of above-mentioned diseases in underprivileged orphans of District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Blood samples of a total of 300 children (150 males and 150 females), 4-17 years of age were screened for anti-HCV antibody,…

Clinical Therapy of Shujin Huoxue Tablet Combined with Sodium Hyaluronate on Inflammatory Factors of Synovial Fluid (IL-6, TNF-α) in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical Trial Study

Guangyu Wang, Xu Tian, Lintao Liu, Junyang Liu, Bo Zhang, Jingming Dong

Sodium hyaluronate are used to reduce pain and improve function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and in traditional Chinese medicine, Shujin Huoxue Tablets (SJHXT) is known to be a useful medicine for KOA. The aim of this study was to investigate the…

Lipopolysaccharide Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Yawang Sun, Yongjiang Wu, Jingbo Chen, Zili Wang, Juncai Chen, You Yang et al.

This study investigated oxidative stress and the consequent DNA damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T cells. Cells were cultured for 48 h with different LPS levels (0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5, and 100 ng/mL). The r…

Diversity and abundance of Avifauna of Manglot Wildlife Park, Nowshera District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Tariq Mahmood, Luqman Ullah Khan, Muhammad Naeem

Comprising about 13% of the world avian diversity, Indian sub-continent has approximately more than 2060 species of birds. In Pakistan, there are more or less 660 bird species belonging to 23 orders and 74 families. The abundance and diversity of avian species…

Wild Resource Diversity of Mytilus unguiculatus Reduced by Aquaculture in the Southeast China Sea

Yahong Guo, Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Chengrui Yan, Yingying Ye, Kaida Xu et al.

The hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus unguiculatus, is one of main aquaculture bivalve species in Southeast China Sea, and excellent growth characteristics. For mussel breeding, farmers use wild individuals to multiply the cultured populations. However, blind selec…

Habitat Characteristics and Preference of Himalayan Ibex (Capra ibex sibrica) in Hushe Valley in Central Karakorum National Park, Pakistan

Ghulam Raza, Maqsood Anawar, Muhammad Akbar, Muhammad Ali, Alamdar Hussain, Azhar Hussain et al.

Himalayan ibex (Capra ibex sibirica) is a subspecies of Capra ibex, and is evenly distributed throughout the upper comparatively dry mountains of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is categorized as a Least Concern species globally as well as in Pakistan, however…

Prevalence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken, Water and the Poultry Farm Workers

Sana Ilyas, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool, Muhammad Javed Arshed, Muhammad Usman Qamar, Bilal Aslam

TheEnterobacteria harboring the extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) are a serious threat to public health particularly in developing countries. The study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and genomic characterization of ESBL producing E. coli from…