Vol. 50, Iss. 2, Pages 401-797

Genetic Characterization of the Endangered Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmonidae) Populations from Tsinling Mountains in China using Microsatellite Markers

Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong, Lixin Wang

Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis (Salmonidae) is an indigenous and endangered cold-water fish in Tsinling mountain, China, and only is distributed as spot in the Weihe River and Hanjiang River among Tsinling mountain, To access relationship of populations from…

Identification, Molecular Characterization and Expression Pattern Analysis of SoxD Subgroup Genes in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du, ZhongJie Chang

SoxD subgroup genes, which belong to the Sox transcription factor family, have been implicated in the developing nervous system. Their expression has been seen in neural stem cells as well as differentiating neurons. However, despite their importance in develo…

Ovarian Tissue Transplantation in Mice and Rats: Comparison of Ovaries Age

Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed

Transplantation of ovarian tissue has been shown to induce puberty and pregnancies successfully. The aims of the present study were to evaluate ovaries age effect on restoration function upon transplantation in mice and rats. Eighteen adult female rats were cl…

Assessment of Optimum Salinity Level for Maximum Growth and Survival of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758)

Abdul Malik, Ghulam Abbas, Abdul Ghaffar, Ghulam Dastagir, Sara Ferrando, Lorenzo Gallus et al.

Assessment of optimum salinity level (10‰, 15‰, 20‰, 25‰ and 30‰) for growth performance, food conversion, body composition and survival rate of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (mean body weight 4.5±0.5 g) were inv…

Effect of Different Dietary Protein Levels on Growth and Proximate Composition of the Eggs and Broodstock of Giant Murrel, Channa marulius (Forsskal)

Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Farzana Abbas, Ghulam Abbas, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syedah Andleeb et al.

This research was performed to study the effect of different dietary protein levels on the growth and chemical conformation of broodfish and its eggs. There were three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) and a control with three replicates in each group. Control group…

Enhanced Production of Streptokinase by UV- and Ethidium Bromide-Treated Streptococus equisimilis Mutant

Muhammad Naeem, Bushra Sadia, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia

Streptokinase (SK) is a thrombolytic agent having broad applications in treatment of various diseases like ischemia, Budd-Chiari syndrome, myocardial infarction, brain stroke and myocardial infarction. Strain improvement is an important approach for its hyper…

A Comparative Study of Inhibitory Properties of Saponins (derived from Azadirachta indica) for Acetylcholinesterase of Tribolium castaneum and Apis mellifera

Amtul Jamil Sami, Sehrish Bilal, Madeeha Khalid, Muhammad Tahir Nazir, A.R. Shakoori

The study describes the effect of saponins, isolated from a medicinal plant Azadirachta indica on the CNS enzymes of a stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum and a socioeconomic insect, Apis mellifera. A comparative study was designed to identify the role of s…

Characterization of 22 New Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci from the Endangered Buff-Throated Partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) by using Next-Generation Sequencing

Qin Liu, Feiwei Liu, Xiuyue Zhang, Nan Yang, Jianghong Ran

The buff-throated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) is an endemic species which is protected in first-grade state in China. Here, 22 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were isolated from T. szechenyii using a next-generation sequencing techno…

Bird Species of Erzurum Marshes in Northeastern Anatolia, Turkey

Alptug Sari, Ahmet Arpacik, Sagdan Baskaya

Bird species of Erzurum Marshes, which were known to be the “Bird Paradise” in the region until recently experiencing a rapid decline. Risks threatening bird species in the region were examined. Erzurum Marshes, located in the northeastern part of…

Supercooling Capacity of the Sweet Potato Leaf Folder, Brachmia macroscopa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Xia-Lin Zheng, Pan Wang, Jun-Yan Liu, Yu-Jing Zhang, Jun Li, Wen Lu

The supercooling point is a good predictor of cold hardiness. In this study, supercooling capacity of Brachmia macroscopa was determined. The 4th instar larvae, pupae and adults survived in January, in which their supercooling points were -12.79 ± 0.67…

Studies on Semen Morphology and Effects of Artificial Insemination on Hatchability in Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

Irfan, Arshad Javid, Muhammad Ashraf, Athar Mahmud, Muhammad Altaf, Syed Makhdoom Hussain et al.

Morphological characteristics of turkey Meleagris gallopavo semen were recorded and hatchability percentages of the artificially inseminated hens were assessed. To study the effect of natural mating on hatchability 15 (3♂, 12♀) M. gallopavo were ra…

Microsatellite Loci Identified by Cross-Species Amplifications in the Globally Vulnerable Relict Gull, Larus relictus

Lin Wang, Ye Gong, Kelin Chen, Haitao Wang, Xianguo Lyu

Relict gull, Larus relictus is listed as vulnerable species by IUCN. For improving the research on conservation of this species, we tested the cross-species amplification of 90 microsatellite loci developed for eight other species. Eleven out of them were succ…

Clinico-Biochemical Effects of Xylazine-Ketamine and Isoflurane on Rabbits Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy

Muhammad Kashif Maan, Muhammad Arif Khan, Shehla Gul Bokhari, Muhammad Ijaz, Hamid Akbar, Sajid Umar et al.

The serum biochemical and cardiovascular effects of total intravenous anesthesia, xylzine-ketamine and inhalation anesthesia, isoflurane was clinically compared in healthy female rabbits (n=16) undergoing ovariohysterectomy. One group of 8 rabbits was anesthet…

Distribution of Wild Mammalian Fauna of Mahaban and Malka Valley District Buner

Naveed Akhtar, Riaz Muhammad, Kausar Saeed, Muhammad Fiaz Khan, Muzaffar Shah, Jehan Zeb et al.

Present study was conducted in October 2015 to October 2016 to explore the mammalian fauna of Mahaban and Malka valley of district Buner, KP. The study area was divided into six different localities namely, Shahkot, Shalhodabuna, Sharra, Hanjar, Hkar gata and…

Oxidative Stress Biomarker in Assessing the Lead Induced Toxicity in Commercially Important Fish, Labeo rohita

Nazish Shaukat, Muhammad Javed, Faiza Ambreen, Fariha Latif

Heavy metals considered as the most toxic pollutants in aquatic system. These are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic animals, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which ultimately leads to tissue damage and oxidation of biomo…

Burrowing Activity of Rodents Alter Soil Properties: A Case Study on the Short Tailed Mole Rat (Nesokia indica) in Pothwar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan

Abul Hassan Faiz, Fakhar-i-Abbas, Lariab Zahra Faiz

The present study was conducted to investigate how (Nesokia indica) activities impact on soil fertility. The survey was conducted from January to December, 2016 by applying line transect technique in eight types of soil (sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy cla…

Determination of Genetic Variability in Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (AIBV) Isolated from Pakistan

Saba Rafique, Khalid Naeem, Naila Siddique, Muhammad Athar Abbas, Aamer Ali Shah, Akbar Ali et al.

This study was designed to undertake molecular characterization of an Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) recovered from a suspected case of avian infectious bronchitis from commercial poultry. Initially the isolated IB-virus was characterized by RFLP using enzy…

Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Prevailing In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Bashir Ahmad, Muhammad Idrees, Kafeel Ahmad, Dawood Ahmad, Sajid Ali, Shumaila Bashir

The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan has been known for a high burden of tuberculosis (TB). However, there is little information about the molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strains predominant in the province. There…

Comparing the Productivity of Five Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Galleria mellonella

Ali Murad Rahoo, Tariq Mukhtar, Shoukat Ibrahim Abro, Barkat Ali Bughio, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo

The suitability of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents of specific target insects is affected by their level of infectivity and reproductive capacity. Therefore, in the present study the productivity of five entomopathogenic nematodes (Stei…

Incidence of Tapeworm Infection in Human Population of Swat, Pakistan: An Occupation Based Study

Wali Khan, Noor-Un-Nisa, Muhammad Asif Nawaz

Diseases caused by tapeworms remain a public health problem in low and middle-income countries including Pakistan. The current study was aimed to assess the prevalence of Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana (tapeworms) infections among farmers, education conc…

Epidemiology and in vitro Drug Susceptibility of mecA Positive MDR S. aureus from Camel Subclinical Mastitis

Mahboob Ali, Muhammad Avais, Riaz Hussain, Kashif Prince, Muhammad Ijaz, Mamoona Chaudhry et al.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is emerging as multiple drug resistant (MDR) pathogens in milk of camels with characteristically zoonotic potential. Current study was planned to investigate epidemiology of MDR S. aureus in camel milk, and in-vitro therapeuti…

Assessment of Seasonal Distribution and Threats to Avian Fauna of Lahore Safari Zoo

Shahid Mehmood, Bushra Nisar Khan, Hassan Raza, Rida Ahmad, Azhar Muhammad, Zulfiqar Ali et al.

The study was conducted to observe the year round bird species diversity from October 2014 to September 2015 at Safari Zoo Lahore (31°22’57 N, 74° 12’ 47 E and elevation 208m) located in district Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. In total, 5456 bir…

Prediction of Body Weight of Turkish Tazi Dogs using Data Mining Techniques: Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS)

Senol Celik, Orhan Yilmaz

Body weight of dogs is crucial trait for breeding, racing and housekeeping. However, variables and factors that correctly estimate this trait are lacking. Here, we applied classification and regression tree (CART) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (…

Impact of Different Captive Environmental Conditions on Behavior of African Lions and their Welfare at Lahore Zoo and Safari Zoo, Lahore

The goal of current research was to evaluate the behavioral adjustments of African lion Panthera leo in different sized enclosures. A group of African lionswas observed at Lahore Zoo having one solitary lion, one breeding pair and a pair of siblings that was c…

Effect of Butyrate on Genetic Expression of Sirt1/AMPK and Akt/mTOR Axes in Murine Adipose Tissue

Tania A. Shakoori, Soumble Zulfiqar, Khadija Irfan Khawaja, Faisal Masud

Sirt1/AMPK and Akt/mTOR axes regulate cellular energy homeostasis and metabolism. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a product of healthy gut microbiota and a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Recent studies have shown that NaB activates the intracellular pathways involvin…

Pathological Alterations during Co-Infection of Newcastle Disease Virus with Escherichia coli in Broiler Chicken

Qamar-un-Nisa, Muhammad Younus, Muti-ur-Rehman, Azhar Maqbool, Sajid Umar

Respiratory diseases are responsible for major economic losses at poultry farms especially during during co-infections of respiratory pathogens. However, impact of co-infections is not well known, especially in broilers. The current study was aimed to assess t…

An Assessment of the Growth and Profitability Potential of Meat-Type Broiler Strains under High Ambient Temperature

Zia ur Rehman, Naila Chand, Rifat Ullah Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi

The present study was planned to study the performance and potential profitability of four commercial broiler strains in two different temperature zones i.e., thermoneutral zone (TN) and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Day-old broiler chicks (n=242)…

The Equine Influenza Outbreak in Pakistan 2016: Seroprevalence and Geo-Temporal Epidemiology of a Large Propagating Outbreak

Amjad Khan, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq, Mansur ud Din Ahmad, Jawad Nazir, Zahida Fatima, Asghar Khan et al.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan experienced an extensive epidemic of equine influenza (EI) in October 2015 in equine population. EI is among the OIE or WHO notifiable, contagious equine respiratory diseases. Due to lack of awareness and interest…

Evaluation of Fish By-Products Meal Emerging as a Result of Aquaculture and Fish Processing Industry by using the Flash Dryer System

Ozgur Altan

In this study, convertibility of the fish by-products (FBP) emerging after processing the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced by aquaculture into a raw material that can be used in fish f…

Dynamics of Selenium Deficiency in Bovines in District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan

Kashif Prince, M. Sarwar Khan, Muhammad Ijaz, Aftab Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Asad Ali, Jawaria Ali Khan et al.

The present study was designed to determine the serum selenium status in association of its risk factors in cattle and buffaloes of district Kasur, Punjab. Selenium status was evaluated by Atomic Absorptions Spectrophotometery (AAS) with respect to sex of anim…

Effects of Consumption of Caged and Un-Caged Chicken Meat on Ovarian Health of Female Wistar Rats

Saara Ahmad, Iftikhar Ahmed, Saida Haider, Zehra Batool, Fatima Ahmed, Saiqa Tabassum et al.

The caged chicken meat consumption has peaked current days due to its incredible taste and low cost. However, to meet the increasing demand the chickens are reared commercially through feeds and battery cages allowing maximum weight gain and growth in consider…

Association of Types of Overlapping Genes with the Size of Chromosome in Human Genome

Syed Kashif Nawaz, Faiza Zubair, Sidra Kanwal

Overlapping genes are an integral component of the genome. The present study investigated the various types of overlapping genes in human genome. Study was completed using genome assembly GRCh 38/ hg38 data was accessed using NCBI map viewer for the identifica…

Susceptibility of Adult Engorged Ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to a Native Heterorhabditid Isolate (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) in Colima, Mexico

Jaime Molina-Ochoa, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez, Martín González-Ramírez, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez, Wilberth Chan-Cupul et al.

A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae was conducted in the municipality of Tecomán, Colima, Mexico in an effort to obtain alternative controls for cattle ticks. Soil cores from gra…

Multicollinearity Problem and Bias Estimates in Japanese Quail

Mustafa Sahin, Esra Yavuz, Fatih Uckardes

The aim of this study is to estimate the albumen index value that is one of the interior egg quality traits using the Least Squares (LS), Ridge Regression (RR) and Principal Components Regression (PCR) methods. For this reason, eggs were collected from 20 to 2…

Evaluation of Grapefruit Juice (Citrus paradisi) as an Alternative Disinfectant for Hatching Eggs

Justyna Batkowska, Lukasz Wlazlo, Kamil Drabik, Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek, Karrar I.A. Al-Shammari, Magdalena Gryzinska

The aim of the study was to evaluate hatching results and quality of Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) after applying red grapefruit juice (Citrus paradisi) for hatching eggs disinfection. 420 eggs were randomly divided into 3 groups (150 pcs…

The Expression of IL-18Rα in Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion of Female Goat

Yanjie Guo, Weini Wu, Hongmei Wang, Xiao Guo, Yongping Xu

Immunity is the critical process by which organisms recognize and eliminate foreign antigens, and the process of local immunity in the female reproductive system is regulated by the coordinated integration of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The nerv…

Diversity and Relative Abundance of Pollinator Fauna of Canola (Brassica napus L. Var Chakwal Sarsoon) with Managed Apis mellifera L. in Pothwar Region, Gujar Khan, Pakistan

Tasleem Akhtar, Muhammad Asif Aziz, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sheraz Ahmedand Imran Bodlah

Insect pollinators are essential for reproduction and survival of several plant species. Agricultural productivity depends on population interactions of these pollinators. A field experiment was conducted at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Research Farm, Koon…

Field and Molecular Epidemiology of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Pakistan

Muhammad Abubakar, Aamer Bin Zahur, Khalid Naeem, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Subhan Qureshi

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly fatal and economically devastating disease of sheep and goats. Present study was designed to have an insight into the epidemiology of PPR under field conditions in the country using molecular tools. A total of eight…

Histophysiological Changes in Broilers Fed on Diet Supplemented with Mannanoligosaccharide and Organic Acid Blend

Muhammad Usman Saleem, Saima Masood, Hafsa Zaneb, Aneela Zameer Durrani, Asim Aslam, Kamran Ashraf et al.

The present study aims at analyzing effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and organic acid blend (OAB) supplementation individually and in combination on carcass yield, small intestinal microarchitecture and serum biochemistry in Hubbard chicks. A total of 12…

A Comparative Study for Egg Production in Layers by Decision Tree Analysis

Yakut Gevrekçi, Çiğdem Takma

Decision tree analysis is one of the data mining approaches which generate model asses the response variable based on the predictor variables. The present study deals with evaluating relationship between egg production (EP) and some related traits by decision…

Identification of Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype in Local COPD Patients: Development of Predictive Models for Frequent Exacerbations

Tania Ahmed Shakoori, Muhammad Saqib Saeed, Asif Hanif, Saima Mukhtar, Ayesha Ghauri

Acute exacerbations are important events in the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their frequency is directly related to the prognosis of the disease. The objective of this study was to identify the ‘frequent exacerbator&rs…

Enhancing Forage Productivity and Organic Hanwoo Cattle Carrying Capacity through Growing Rye Legumes Mixed Fodder under Different Manure Levels

Jo Ik-Hwan, Choi Kwang-Won, Muhammad Fiaz

This study was aimed to evaluate mixed sowing rye with legumes under different cattle manure levels for optimum forage yield and organic Hanwoo cattle carrying capacity from 2012-13 to 2014-15. Experiment was conducted under split plot arrangement having 3 mai…

Comparative Effect of Zinc Oxide and Silymarin on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Hematological Parameters of Heat Distressed Broiler

Asad Sultan, Sahal Ahmad, Sarzamin Khan, Rifat Ullah Khan, Naila Chand, Muhammad Tahir et al.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the comparative beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of silymarin (Silybum marianum) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in broilers during the finishing stage exposed to heat stress (HS). Two hundred and seventy broiler c…

Nucleotide Sequence of the Hypervariable Pre-S2 Surface Antigen Region of Pakistani HBV Isolates

Muhammad Rasool, Muhammad Zahid, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Qadeem Khan, Khalid Khan

This research work was conducted to find out nucleotide variations in the pre-S2 region of the two clinically diagnosed Surface Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus (HBsAg). Pre-S2 region nucleotide sequence of the sample MR02 was found completely homologous with the…

Table of Contents

Antidiabetic Activity of Green Gold-Silver Nanocomposite with Trigonella foenum graecum L. Seeds Extract on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Promy Virk

The present study investigated the green synthesisofgold and silver (Au/Ag) nanocomposite using aqueous Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek)seed extract and to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the prepared nanopcomposite. Antidiabetic potential of orall…

Creep Feeding Supplemented with Roughages Improve Rumen Morphology in Pre-Weaning Goat Kids

Nay Naing Htoo, Basit Zeshan, Aung Tun Khaing, Than Kyaw, Erkihun Aklilu Woldegiorgis, Mohd Azam Khan

Boer crossbred goats (n=48) single born kids, seven-day-old (live weight 4.4±0.09kg) were divided into 3 treatment groups, each having 8 females and 8 males. The kids from first treatment group had free access to creep feed with roughage (CFR), second g…

Effect of Different Salinity Level on Breeding, Fertilization, Hatching and Survival of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Captivity

Abdul Malik, Ghulam Abbas, Abdul Ghaffar, Sara Ferrando, Lorenzo Gallus, Syed Sajjad A. Shah

This study was conducted to assess optimal salinity level among 0‰, 5‰, 10‰, 15‰, 20‰ and 25‰ for successful breeding of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The duration of study was 56 days. Brooders (48) having mean…

Impact of Different Salinity Levels on Growing Performance, Food Conversion and Meat Quality of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Reared in Seawater Tanks

Abdul Malik, Ghulam Abbas, Abdul Ghaffar, Sara Ferrando, Lorenzo Gallus

The effect of varying salinity levels (15‰ to 40‰ with 5‰ increment) on growth, feed efficiency and meat quality of red tilapia, Oreochromis sp. (mean body weight 5±0.07g) were investigated. Juveniles of red tilapia were randomly di…

Nutritional Assessment of Celiac Patients of Pakistan

Samra Imran, Afifa Tanweer

The present study aimed to assess the association of various demographic and dietary factors with the nutritional status of Pakistani celiac patients. For this purpose 50 diagnosed celiac patients were selected from Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex and Mayo Hospit…

Determination and Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequence of Octopus dollfusi (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from China

Yunjun Yan, Zhenming Lü, Tianming Wang, Yongjiu Chen, Jingwen Yang, Baoying Guo et al.

In this study, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Octopus dollfusi (Robson, 1932) collected from the coast of Guangdong Province, China, and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship with other cephalopod species. T…

Growth Responses of Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) to Exogenous Enzyme Added Feed

Maryyum Khalil, Hamda Azmat, Noor Khan, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Makhdoom Hussain et al.

A feeding trial was conducted for 90 days in glass aquaria to check the effect of exogenous enzyme (α-amylase) added feed on growth performance, health and hematological analysis of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (initialaverage weight 32.46±0.36 g).…

Reproduction Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Armyworm (Spodoptera litura)

Hina Safdar, Nazir Javed, Sajid Aleem Khan, Muhammad Arshad

Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema glaseri) against different larval instars (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th) of armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) at different exposure times were evaluated. Entomopathogenic…