Abida Saleem, Sajida Parveen and Muhammad Jamal Khan
...non-treated) or to soil pretreated with FYM, PM or BC at rate of 10 g kg-1. The suspension was shaken on horizontal shaker for 20 h continuously to assess the equilibrium Zn concentration (EZnC). The difference between the IZnA and EZnC was assumed to be adsorbed. Results showed that FYM, PM or BC yielded lower EZnC and higher Zn adsorption (x/m) at higher IZnA but at lower IZnA< 20 mg Zn L-1 the reverse was observed. The data in non-treated soils were fit ...
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
...ded regarding age; mean pretreatment and post treatment VAS after 6 hours.Mean decrease in pain VAS score was 3.30 + 1.2 in group A while 7.17+ 1.3 in group B. (P value 0.001).Intravenous hydrocortisone is more effective in reducing post dural puncture headache pain severity after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesareansection when given along with conventional treatment as compared to conventional treatment alone.
... 
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...>Eucalyptus leaves were pretreated through Box-Bhenken design of response surface methodology using three variables with three levels such as NaOH concentration (0.6, 0.8, 1.0%), substrate concentration (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) with and without steam (autoclaving at 121oC for 15min and 15psi). After pretreatment, cellulase production was conducted in 250ml Erlenmeyer flask at 50 ºC, pH 5 with shaking s...
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...f dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment of peanut shells as substrate for the production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for p
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...duction was assessed by pretreating cotton stalk with dilute sulphuric acid which was optimized through response surface methodology. Pretreatment conditions were optimized using three variable with three levels like sulfuric acid concentrations (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% v/v), biomass loading (5%, 10%, 15% w/v), and residence time (4, 6 and 8h). After pretreatment process, cellulase production was a...
Ammara Afzal1, Tazmeen Fatima1, Maham Tabassum1, Muhammad Nadeem2*, Muhammad Irfan3, Quratulain Syed2
...oses to bioethanol i.e. pretreatment of biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis of raw material and fermentation. The sawdust was pretreated with 2.5% NaOH and further processed for SHF and SSF. Maximum saccharification was observed by T. viride (10.17%) followed by T. harzianum (9.19%) and T. koninji (6.91%) at 35˚C for 48h. Among both strategies, SSF combination of T. viride and S. cerevisiae gave...
Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
...y affected by the water pretreatment (P > 0.05). However, the bacteria communities were significantly affected by water pretreatment (P < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were significantly lower than UV treatment and untreated group (P < 0.05). Based on the results obtained in the present study, we suggest that formalin treatment could be a better away to...
Muhammad Afzal1, Nighat Sultana1, Ali Hassan1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain4, Muhammad Bilal5 and Majid Hussain2
...acidified phytase (PHY) pretreated soybean meal (SBM) based diet.Basal SBM based diet was supplemented with two levels of CA (0 and 2%) and two levels of microbial PHY (0 and1000 FTUkg-1) in factorial arrangement resulting in the formulation of four experimental diets. Chromic oxide (1%) was added as an inert marker in the diets to evaluate the nutrient digestibility. Important water quality parameters such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen we...
Muhammad Afzal1, Mahroze Fatima2, Aasma Qamar1, Muhammad Farhan1 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3,*
...lization. Moreover, PHY pretreatment also resulted in higher (p<0.05) mineral deposition in the body as compared to control group. Both supplements interacted positively (p<0.05) to enhance most of body minerals. In short, CA as well as PHY efficiently enhanced growth performance, muscle proximate composition and whole-body nutrient status of L. rohita when fed on sunflower meal-based diet.
... 
Application of MATLAB for Designing and Simulation of High-Efficiency Center Pivot Irrigation System
Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer4
...Glaciers of Pakistan are retreating. They are retreating faster than any other part of the World. Water availability per capita in Pakistan is dropping very alarmingly. Against a dismal supply of 191 million-acre feet, the demand for water is projected to escalate to 274 MAF by 2025, culminating into a deficit of 83 MAF. Pakistan has the world’s fourth-highest rate of water use and is already the third most water-stres...
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Wakil2, Shahbaz Talib Sahi3 and Waqas Raza1*
Influence of Resistance Inducers on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents of Susceptible Chickpea Cultivars after Inoculation with Ascochyta rabiei
...lant pathogen in plants pretreated with chemicals. There was no significant change in plants treated with the plant extracts except with extracts of A. indica. Chemically increased N, P, and K were highest in cultivar C-44 followed by Pb-91 and Bittle-98. A similar trend was observed with plant extract treated plants, with the greatest effect observed with A. indica extracts. The results indicate that chemicals reported to induce resistance to pathogens may in...
Muhammad Farooq1*, Elham Azadfar2, Zohre Bahrami3, Mahniya Sharifi3, A. Shakoor4, Shabir Ahmed5, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Muhammad Noman Khan6, Memona Siddique7, Naila Ilyas8*, Muhammad Bakhtiar9, Mohamed El-Fatieh Ismael1 and Wang Yunyang1
Optimization of Drying Process of Rambutan by Combined Method of Osmosis Ultrasound and Complementary Drying of Hot Air
...is study, after osmosis pretreatment, samples were put under an osmosis dehydration process. First, using Osmosis-ultrasound with 40.5% concentration in Sekanjabin solution then dried in an oven at a temperature of 70°C. The characteristics of solid gain, water and weight loss, shrinkage and rehydration were evaluated. The obtained results showed that by increasing the concentration of weight and water loss, solid gain increased. Accordingly, in a higher c...
Simeen Mansoor, Jabeen Farheen* and Meher Hassan
...ed seeds of NM13-1 were pretreated with 40 °C (1 hour) before 50 °C (2 hours), after 24 hours seedling length, proteome profile by 1-D, and catalase (CAT), ascorbate (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were assessed. Study outcomes revealed that the combination of phytohormones and 40 °C before 50 °C exhibited improved growth and increased activity of APX, CAT, and GPX as to control and lethal-temperature treatments. The total ...
Imrana Khushk1, Abdul Nabi Jatt2, Abdul Sattar Qureshi1*, Choudhary Haider Ali3, Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto1, Imran Ibrahim Khaskheli1, Sartar Iqbal Panhwer1
...or difficulties namely (pretreatment inhibitors and cost of cellulase enzyme). In the present study, long term evolutionary adaptation was evaluated for ethanol and lactic acid production to overcome the pretreatment inhibitors issue. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Angel was used for the production of ethanol, while, Bacillus coagulans, Pediococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. were used for lactic production, respectively. All the mi...
Asmaa A.M. Abd El-Ghani *; Ahmed B.M.; Abdel-Raouf A. ; Nagwa S. Ata* and H.A. Hussein
...ated at different times pretreatment
,simultaneouslly and after adsorption. The results demonstrated that the safest
concentration (non-cytotoxic) of the plant extract under study on MDBK cells was 0.1
mg/ml.The plan extract showed a significant antiviral effect against BHV-1 at
simultaneous treatment experiment. The virus titeration assay showed a marked decrease
from 105 TCID50/ml to 103 TCID50/ml i...
Gulzar Ullah* and Gohar Ayub
...e the influence of heat pretreatment conditioning durations (control or no heat pretreatment,10 hrs,15 hrs and 20 hrs) on three tomato varieties (Roma, Rio Grande and Yaqui) sown at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2017 and 2018. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in growth chamber before transplantation and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two ...
Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad
...="text-align: justify;">Pretreatment of organic materials with phosphatic fertilizers can alter P fractionations in soil and boost up its availability to plant in calcareous soils. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in the green house of the University of Agriculture Peshawar to assess changes in P fractionations and wheat seedlings growth in two diverse calcareous soils. The pretreated composts were prepared b...
Zhiyuan Sun1, 3, Xuhui Zhang2,*, Xian Li3, Yanping Huang3, Shiyan Sui3, Weifeng Liu3, Guochao Ni3, Xiaozhou Xu1, Jianbo Yang1, Xue Lian1 and Hui Jia1
...otropine hormone (ACTH) pretreatment. Twenty-four 30-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Large White crossbred piglets (12 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: control, LPS, ACTH, and ACTH+LPS groups. Each group consisted of 6 male piglets. All ACTH pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramuscularly with ACTH (2.25 IU/kg body weight) for 7 consecutive injections at 6-h intervals. Then, LPS pigs and ACTH+LPS pigs were injected intramusc...
Johar Hussian1, Faiz Muhammad2, Shafqat Fatimah Rehmani3, Aqeel Ahmad4, Nazir Ahmad Lone4, Moomal Bughio5, Syed Khurram Freed1 and Shakeel Ahmed Khan4*
...n (HA) reaction without pretreatment. Therefore, we designed this study for preparation of IBV antigen by treating with different enzymes for HA reaction. IBV local isolates were characterized by SDS-PAGE and RT-PCR. The indigenous isolate HA antigens were treated with different proteolytic enzymes trypsin, neuraminidase and phospholipase C. The prepared antigen were stored at -86oC and used for HA test. All antigen prepared by different enzyme were found to g...
Chuanfeng Fan1,2,*, Wenguo Feng1,3, Jingchang Yang1,2, Qingchao Chen1,2 and Yu Wang1,4
...yte stimulating hormone pretreatment group each with 8 rats, 16 eyes in each group. The content of neurotransmitter amino acids and the survival rate, apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential of the retinal nerve cells were compared between the three groups. According to our results the contents of free glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine, glycine and aspartate were all higher in the induced injury group than in the normal control group, w...
Tao Ren1, Guiqiu Cao2, Xiao Han3, Feng Tan1, Qiaoli Chen4, Shicheng Yang5 and Haiyan Zhang6*
... showed that naringenin pretreatment significantly increased cardiac dysfunction via scavenged free radicals and a reduction of inflammatory reaction. Dose-dependent treatment of naringenin significantly altered the CK-MB, HDL, LDL, creatinine, cholesterol, CRP, Ca2+, Na+ and K+, respectively. A significant alleviating change in these biochemical parameters along with caspase-3 activity was noticed. Thus, in our study, we determined that I/R induced cardiac re...
Ashira Manzoor1, Imran Ahmad Khan1,2*, Muqadas Sadiq3, Muhammad Omer Iqbal4 and Shaukat Hussain Munawar5
...tus of cardio myocytes. Pretreatment of rats with leaf extract had a cardio protective effect and significantly reduces the biochemical parameters against doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage in dose-dependent manner. The cardiac tissues showed marked improvement in extract treated groups as compared to doxorubicin treated group. This research indicates that the hydro alcoholic leaf extract of C. colocynthis have exceptional cardio protective potential as com...
Nazish Manzoor1*, Alim Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Abid Ullah1, Zulqarnain2 and Iftikhar Jan2
...m the acid and alkaline pretreated samples of sugarcane bagasse using a fermentation process. Amylase was partially purified from the bacterial strain N1 and its activity was checked at distinct pH and temperature. The optimum pH was from 6-8 whereas the temperature was 40 °C. Saccharomyces cerevisiea was added for enhanced fermentation and ethanol production. The acid pretreated sample produced the highest ethanol (15.2...
S. Feroza1, A. G. Arijo1† and I. R. Zahid2
...ion. On day 21, the FEC pretreatment values in group A, B and C were recorded as 1424.5, 1346.3 and 1806.4, respectively. The FEC post treatment values of groups B and C were significantly (P>0.05) decreased as compared to the control (group A). However, no significant difference was observed between group B and C. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of both the papaya and neem was effective in controlling the Ascaridia galli infectio...
Ali I. Al-Ameedi1, Zahraa M. Ayad2*, Wed Abbas Mohammed3, Salim K. Hajwal4
...groups (T2 and T3) that pretreated with GB extract and omega3 respectively. HU treatment caused serious CAs formations such as dicentric chromosome, Acentric, deletion, ring, and a high rate of breaks in bone marrow cells. As a results, GbE would be good candidates for administration as a supplement to decrease the Geno-toxicity side effects of a lot of chemotherapeutic agents.
Keywords | Ginkgo Biloba, Genotoxicity, Hyroxyurea, ...
Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5
...e through September) and retreating monsoon (October and November). The fourth instar larvae were collected from areas of district Lahore. The collected larvae were preserved in formalin and transported to the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Government College University Faisalabad for further analysis. The larval morphological measurements were carried out using a stereomicroscope, which included changes in head le...
Sen Ye1, Jiangang Pang2 and Xiuli Wang3*
...g/kg) /day), or solvent pretreatment for 14 d to induce transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min, followed by perfusion with tPA (10 mg/kg/10ml). Infarct volume, bleeding volume, immunoglobulin G leakage and blood parameters were examined. PAR immunohistochemistry was performed on brain sections after 24 h reperfusion. We found that compared with the rivaroxaban group, the warfarin pretreatment group had an incr...
Tehreem Iqbal1, Roheela Yasmeen1* and Faheem Hafeez2
...roups were included the pretreated group (CG2; pretreated with C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/BW 24 hours before BPA) and the post-treated group (CG3; post-treated with C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/BW 24 hours before BPA). In the experiment Sprague Dawley rats were fed by BPA that was followed by the intake of C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/BW of the rat. Liver (Total bilirubin, alkaline phosphate test, Lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine amino tr...
Peixia Yu1*, Lijun Bo2 and Xueyin Song1
...ion of sufentanil (Fen) pretreatment on inducible myocardial apoptosis by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. 120 male rats (mean age = 3 months) were randomly assigned to six conditions: control group (group S), I/R group, normal saline (NS) I/R group, and low, medium and high dose Fen groups, where in high dose group: Fen1:2μg/kg; Fen2:4μg/kg; Fen3:6μg/kg. The measured items included heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular de...
NAUSHEEN MAZHAR*, ALI IQTADAR MIRZA**, SAHAR ZIA*, ZAYANAH SOHAIL BUTT*, MEMUNA GHAFOOR SHAHID*** & ALI IMAM MIRZA**
...za River, is also facing retreat due to climate change. Changes in the area under vegetation in Passu village due to Passu glacier retreat have also been estimated using normalized difference snow index (NDSI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) which were also derived from the satellite images. NDSI for snow cover mapping of Passu glacier indicates a decrease of 6.18% in snow covered area (3.0808 km2) of Passu...
Ajiboye, A. A.1, Ebofin, A. O.1, M. O. Atayese,2, M. O. Adedire3, D. A. Agboola1 and M. Kadiri1
...rcentage germination in pretreated seeds ranged between 70-100%. The emery cloth treatments gave the best result. The proximate analysis of the seeds including the moisture content, dry matter, fibre content, crude protein content, crude fibre content, ash content and carbohydrate content were estimated. The seeds of P. Africana and D. guineensis contain moisture content (%) of 8.64 and 12.62, dry matter content (%) of 9.36 and 87.38; Iron (%...
Mohammad Anis and Farooq Ahmed Dar
...f Cedrus deodara pretreated with gibberallic acid, hydrogen peroxide and control were tested for germination in the laboratory Highly significant differences were observed among the families, treatments and their interactions. The results suggest that in hormonal control of dormancy, gibbere Uric acid plays a primary role in regulation of germination.
Keywords: Cedrus deodara, germination, gibberellic acid.
...
Lin Li1*, Lu Lu2, Gang An2 and Xiaoguang Zhang3
.... It was concluded that pretreation of TF-TP could lessen cell apoptosis and increase cell survival rate and therefore plays a protective role to blue light-induced human RPE cells possibly by inhibiting Bax and Bcl-2 pathways mediated by TF....
Sabahat Anwar1, Faria Javaid2 and Qurat-ul-Ain2*
...eratures and pH levels. Pretreatment of wheat straw resulted in highly digestible cellulose that lead to the increased production of cellulases. Highest glucose (1.92±0.14 mg/ml), carboxymethyl cellulase (7.33±0.16 IU/ml/min) and filter paperase (10.61±0.15 IU/ml/min) activities observed in pretreated wheat straw, while untreated gave 1.89±0.19 mg/ml, 4.31±0.13 IU/ml/min and 7.88±0.1...
