Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2
... the maximum (1604.64 g) hardness. The hardness decreased gradually on increasing the concentration of gums and the samples having guar gum were less hard. On sensory evaluation, the maximum scores were awarded to full fat cheese, while the negative control attained the minimum liking. Addition of gums improved the sensory acceptability of cheese. The sample containing 0.45% guar gum was awarded the scores comparable to the ...
Aneela Qureshi1, Ammara Ainee1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masooma Munir1,2*, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saqib Jabbar2
...olume and with increased hardness. Treatment (T3) containing 5.6g grapefruit albedo powder shows significantly (p<0.05) higher sensory scores in term of color (8.02±0.50), flavor (8.04±0.29), taste (8.18±0.37), mouth feel (8.03±0.41) and overall acceptability (7.84±0.28) during 30 days of storage. It is concluded that grapefruit albedo fiber could be utilized as a source of fiber to further enhance the nutrition...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...± 0.02 1mg/L) and hardness (118 ± 2.4 mg/L). Our results indicated that better growth increment can be achieved on squid or pellet feed and so it is suggested that in similar culture conditions of Snakehead will be more profitable on pellet feed followed by squid feed.
...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...n, carbon dioxide, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and total ammonia were monitored on daily basis. Significantly increased peroxidase activity was observed in gills and liver of Labeo rohita after exposure to PbCl2 due to all doses as compared to the control. All results were statistically significant at p<0.05. Fish liver exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher activity of enzyme than that of gills. The physico-chemical vari...
Muhammad Umair Sattar1, Aysha Sameen1,*, Nuzhat Huma1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...nal attributes, texture (hardness), appearance (L* value) and proteolysis by RP-HPLC. Use of guar gum as fat mimetic and cheese milk homogenization significantly (p<0.01) affected the composition, functionality, texture and appearance of LFMCs. LFMCs functionality and texture also improved during ripening but appearance was negatively affected. Reverse phase HPLC results indicated that level of intact casein in LFMCs decreased with increase in ripeni...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...sup>C), pH (8) and total hardness (250 mgL-1). All the three fish species varied significantly in their sensitivity towards metals mixture with the C. catla beingsignificantly highly sensitive followed by L. rohita and C. mrigala. After the acute toxicity tests, fish were exposed to 2/3rd of their respective 96 h LC50 of metals mixture for 90 days, after which amassing of metals were determined by Atomic Ab...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...ature 30°C and total hardness 250mgL-1. After each fortnight, fish were sampled from each treatment and different organs such as liver, kidney, gills muscles and brain were taken out for determination of bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in the fish. The results showed that water-borne Pb exposure caused significant accumulation in the fish tissues that increased significantly with increasing exposure of Pb. Pb accumulated variably in the fis...
Hafrijal Syandri1*, Ainul Mardiah2, Azrita3 and Netti Aryani4
...50.65 to 52.25 mg/L, and hardness 6.65 to 66.85 mg/L. Survival was high at 100.0% in synthetic sheet pond at 10, 15 and 20 fish/m3, respectively. Density significantly affected (p<0.05) final mean weight (164.72±2.20, 155.34±1.40, 138.40±0.98 g) and percent weight gain (113.04±5.10, 100.89±3.41, 78.98±2.63%), specific growth rate (0.84±0.03, 0.78±0.02, 0.65±0.02%/day), apparent foo...
Mahmood Alam Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Mujahid Khan*2, Amjad Khan1
TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROUND WATER QUALITY DUE TO URBANIZATION. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
... total alkalinity, total hardness,
calcium (Ca++), HCO3-1 and Magnesium (Mg++) were decreased by 6%, 10.51%, 37.39% and 11.52%, 22.21%,
37.56% and 21.19% respectively. Results revealed that changes in water quality have occurred due to over population
of Peshawar and remedial measures are needed in future....
calcium (Ca++), HCO3-1 and Magnesium (Mg++) were decreased by 6%, 10.51%, 37.39% and 11.52%, 22.21%,
37.56% and 21.19% respectively. Results revealed that changes in water quality have occurred due to over population
of Peshawar and remedial measures are needed in future....
Riaz Muhammad1*, Naseer Ahmeda, Abdul Basit2, Rizwan Alim Mufti2
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, HARDNESS AND LOAD-INDENTATION DEPTH RESPONSE OF TI-64 USING VICKERS INDENTATION TECHNIQUE
...s employed to report the hardness followed by fracture toughness
evaluation of the studied alloy using indentation energy model. The indentation method resulted a fracture toughness
of the studied alloy with 14.5% when compared to the results obtained from strain dependent ductile damage model. ...
evaluation of the studied alloy using indentation energy model. The indentation method resulted a fracture toughness
of the studied alloy with 14.5% when compared to the results obtained from strain dependent ductile damage model. ...
Muhammad Amjad1,*, Saeed Badshah1, Muhammad Adil Khattak2, Rafi Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Mujahid1
CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKLE FREE TITANIUM ALLOY TI-27NB FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...ion of TI-27Nb. Tensile, hardness, microscopy and scanning
electron microscope tests were conducted on TI-27Nb specimens. The tensile strength and young modulus of TI-27Nb
were lower than commonly used Titanium alloy i.e Ti-6Al-4V. The SEM results show mixed brittle-ductile surfaces.
It is concluded that TI-27Nb has lower stress shielding/bone restoration because of low modulus than commonly
used implant material...
Adnan Tariq,1 Iftikhar Hussain,2 Abdul Ghafoor,3 Sahar Noor2
AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING
...eral perception that the hardness level of job-shop scheduling problems is comparatively high and that is why effective, efficient and accurate procedures for scheduling are required to substantiate its usefulness. Therefore, in this paper a hybrid approach, primarily based on Genetic Algorithm (GA), is presented to handle the problem of scheduling job-shop that consists of m number of machines and n number of jobs. This approach is actuall...
Qurrat ul Ain Akbar*, Saqib Arif, Shahid Yousaf, Salman Khurshid and Najmus Sahar
Effects of Flour Particle Size on Farinographic Properties of Wheat Dough
...ivum L.) on the basis of hardness, hard and soft wheat, were analysed in this study. Each type of flour was fractionated separately into coarse (1000 to 1500µm), medium (500 to <1000 µm) and fine (<500 µm) fractions on the basis of particle size. All the farinographic parameters (except dough development time) were influenced by particle size of wheat flour. Water absorption was negatively related with flour particle size. Dough stabili...
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1,2, Sikandar Almani3, Lal Bux4, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto2, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Farman Ali Chandio2, Shakeel Hussain Chattha2, Zaheer Ahmed Khan2, Zubair Ahmed Soomro5,Babar Mustafa Ansari6 and Kunjie Chen1*
...ue density, porosity and hardness under these conditions were 6.72mm, 3.32mm, 2.27mm, 27.38 g, 716.78 kg m-3, 1459.14 kg m-3, 51.24% and 45.26 N respectively. The results further revealed that the effect of temperature and time on paddy decreased with process except porosity and hardness, which increased as affected by these conditions. The results showed that the model work was valid for predicting the...
Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Saba Saeed1
...e (32°C), pH (7) and hardness (250 mg L-1) of water. Physico-chemical parameters of test medium were monitored regularly. The observed mean LC50 and lethal concentrations for Cirrhinus mrigala were 55.85 ± 2.84 and 128.44 ± 9.25 mg L-1, respectively. On the other hand, for Labeo rohita, mean values of LC50 and lethal concentrations were calculated as 56.42 ± 2.51 and 120.98 ± 7.18 mg L-1, respectively. Cirrhinus mrigala had lowe...
Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*
...nity, nitrite, pH, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton-density during the period from March, 2015 to June, 2016. The chlorophyll-a concentration was determined by using the acetone extraction technique. Ponds water sample (50 liters) was filtered through plankton net of 20 µm pore size and preserved in 4% formaldehyde for the analysis of phytoplankton. Subsequently, the phytoplankton were counted under microscope. Resul...
Wenjuan Yan1, Qunlan Zhou2, Bo Liu2,3*, Cunxin Sun2, Huimin Zhang3 and Changyou Song2
...ile including gumminess, hardness and chewiness, and decreased the muscle sensory evaluations including whiteness and succulency. Therefore, 100 mg Kg-1 I. cicadae could improve growth performance and meat quality of giant freshwater prawn, reduce the damage of oxidative stress.
...
Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4
...uired level (114-342) of hardness and 39 (98%) samples were unfit in terms of TSD levels (250 ppm). The results of the study can be concluded that the water of the study area was not suitable for insecticide dilution and the regular water quality testing is mandatory. The water pH should be maintained for performance of insecticides. ...
Ho Shi Hui1, Eng-Keng Seow2, Nurul Huda1*
...analysis showed that the hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness of egg white gel had decreased after ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound-treated duck egg white for 40 minutes showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher foaming capacity and improved folding test score. Result showed that the increase of ultrasound treatment time may have conferred detrimental effects on duck egg white protein that influenced the physicochemical properties of egg white. Hence...
Preparation and Evaluation of Cattle Feed by Ensiling Wet Rice Straw, Market Fish Waste and Molasses
Avijite Sarker, Sharmeen Islam, S.M. Ariful Islam, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan*, Md Mukhlesur Rahman
...stics (smell, color, and hardness) of feeds were improved in treatments with market fish wastes up to 60 days but after 45 days, in T3, fungi and some bad smells were obtained. The pH, dry matter (DM), crude fiber (CF) were reduced and the crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, ME, OMD were elevated significantly with MFW and ensiling time (P<0.05). Comparing the parameters, T2 and T3 were preferable to prepare silages as cattle feed. Finally, it can ...
Asma Fatima*, Ghulam Abbas and Shahnaz Rashid
...tal alkalinity and total hardness were determined. Overall, 61 species of plankton have been recorded from the studied ponds and categorized into 19 groups; of which 25 phytoplankton species belonged to four major groups, whereas, 36 zooplankton species belonged to 15 groups. Among them, Bacillariophyta (69.815%) and copepods (78.927%) were “most abundant” as compared to other groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively. Monthly abundance...
Zaidi Zona, Zulfiqar Ali*, Rida Ahmad and Irfan Zainab
... (TDS) 125.62 mg/L total hardness 77.50 mg/L, alkalinity 72.17 mg/L (as CaCO3) and conductivity 129.04 µs/cm. Planktonic study revealed the presence of variety of phytoplankton (n=31) and zooplankton (n=3) species in study area. In total, 37 fish species were found in the study area, with species richness rising from zone one (n =10) to zone five (n =33). Altogether, the fish diversity represents 25 genera and 13 families. To analyze the data, principal ...
Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2
... had the highest texture hardness (52.20 ± 0.14 and 52.19 ± 0.14 mm/102) respectively. The P3 group had the lowest rancidity (2.04 ± 0.01 mmol/kg). The advantage of VCO protection with tanin (mix on indigofera) has the lower rancidity value (2.14 ± 0.09 mmol/kg) compared to wafers with VCO supplementation. In the addition of VCO without treatment (P0) increase the total digestibility of dry matter (78.89 ± 0.06%) and organic ...
Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko1*, Joelle Toffa1, Azize Orobiyi1, Gbèblonoudo Anicet Dassou2, Rolande Okpeicha1, Dieudonné Gavoedo1 and Alexandre Dansi2
...ckness, colour, texture, hardness, length, breadth, and 100-grain mass) on the susceptibility of eight soybean varieties to C. maculatus were evaluated in the laboratory. The correlations and contributions of the studied traits were evaluated using correlation path coefficient analysis. The tested soybean varieties showed a variation in physical seed characteristics. A differential susceptibility of soybean varieties to C. maculatus was observed, with the whit...
Samantha Shiuan Erl Lee1, Nurul Huda2*, Yetti Marlida3, Eng-Keng Seow4
...antly higher (p<0.05) hardness and springiness of egg white gels. Hardness and springiness of ultrasound-treated chicken egg white gels were 3019.17-3399.67 g and 8.71-9.23 mm, respectively. While ultrasound-treated duck egg white gels had the hardness values at 2143.23-2732.50 g, and springiness values in the range of 6.14-6.37 mm. However, ultrasound treatment did not significantly (p...
Mian Shamas Murtaza1,*, Aysha Sameen2, Saima Rafique3, Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nabeela Gulzar4, Mian Anjum Murtaza5, Umar Farooq1 and Iram Hafiz6
...ing level and increasing hardness. Yield calculation showed non-significant effect within levels but significant effect as compared with control. The fat substituting property is based on its ability to stabilize the structure of aqueous phase which creates an improved creaminess. The addition of inulin and resistant starch as fat replacement improved the sensory characteristics of low fat cheese samples when added up to the level of 0.5% and 1.0%, respectivel...
Saba Iqbal1, Salman Khurshid1*, Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Qurrat-Ul-Ain Akbar1, Aqeel Ahmed Siddique3, Saqib Arif1, Shahid Yousaf2, Masooma Munir4, Abdul Karim Khan4, Shazia Arif5, Abdul Ahad6 and Muhammad Arif7
...wheat grains in terms of hardness. Since wheat is the staple food and its hardness is one of the basic quality traits being used in local and international trade. In addition to the NIR-spectroscopy, wheat grain samples were also analyzed through standard methods for hardness such as hardness index (HI) and particle size index (PSI). Samples had
MUHAMMAD EJAZ*1, MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF5, ASMA MAQBOOL3, ALTAF HUSSAIN4 & ABDUL QAYYUM KHAN SULEHRIA2
... with temperature, total hardness pH, TDS, electrical conductivity and turbidity however, DO and transparency indicated negative correlations. Shannon-Weaver index stretched from 3.036 to 3.802 and exhibited great diversity. Values of species evenness extended from 0.932 to 0.970 that showed even distribution.
Key Words: Species diversity, rotifers, seasonal fluctuations, abiotic parameters
...
Imran Ahmad
...ture Analyzer determined hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The difference among the treatments was analyzed using standard deviation and ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). To evaluate the various samples, a focus group of twelve panelists on the same day of preparation using a 9-point hedonic scale for seven attributes: viscosity, airiness, graininess, consistency, smoothness, adhesiveness, and color intensity. MIS concentrations at 3-5% were n...
Sarfraz Ahmad1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1,* and Kashif Akram1,2
...tabilty, stretchability, hardness and yield of low fat mozzarella cheese. On the basis of functional parameters, cheese samples with inulin @ 0.4% and resistant starch @ 1.0% exhibited the best results. Hence, it was concluded that the addition of inulin @ 0.4% and/or resistant starch @ 1.0% as fat replacers revealed the exceptional prospects to produce low fat Mozzarella cheese without much compromising the quality and functionality.
Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5
...ight loss, fruit colour, hardness, length, and lenticel burn. Fruit fly punctures were non-significant among the different chemicals as compared to the control. The maximum number was in control, i.e., 3.06±0.48 and the minimum was in Promise®, followed by Flagon® and Izabion®, i.e., 0.45±0.21, 0.72±0.15 and 0.44±0.02, respectively. Whereas biochemical parameters, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, ...
Muhammad Faizan1, Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Waqar Hassan1*, Ghulam Sarwar2 and Moazzam Jamil3
...er factors included seed hardness which was maximum in chickpea genotypes followed by cowpea in descending order and least seed hardness was in mung bean genotypes. Correlation of factors with growth index, percent weight loss and mature insect exit hole showed seed hardness was negatively correlated with growth index, percent weight loss and mature insect exit hole area. Percent weight lo...
Hazrat Usman1, Shakeel Ahmad2*, Salah Uddin3, Humaira Wasila3 and Yasser Durrani4
...tric conductivity, total hardness, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and fluorides. The recorded average value ranges for each parameter provided insights into the characteristics of the well water samples. For example, pH values ranged from 6.87 to 7.53, indicating acidity or alkalinity levels. Turbidity, a measure of water clarity, varied from 0.5100 NTU to 45.633 NTU. Electric conductivity fell within the range of 2...
I Nyoman Sumerta Miwada1*, I Nyoman Sutarpa Sutama1, Agus Susilo2
... significant increase in hardness, guminess, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness (p<0.05). The antioxidant capacity of cheese (mg/L Gallic Acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (GAEAC)) significantly increased, namely 33.60 ± 0.49; 48.07±0.33; 52.71±0.51; 59.18 ± 0.54 and 65.73 ± 0.34. The results of the hedonic analysis showed that the color, aroma, and taste of cheese were preferred up to the level of 2%-4%. Still, t...
Rizki Dwi Setiawan1, Zurmiati2, Wizna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Ade Trisna3, Surya Aulia4
...acity, cooking loss, and hardness) of Bayang duck meat. This study used five treatments, with four replicates for each treatment. Probiotic supplementation at four different concentrations (76 × 106, 69 × 108, 65 × 1010, and 53 × 1012 CFU/mL) was performed using drinking water. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant difference (P<0.05) in meat lightness (L*) from 35.21 (control) to 40.91 (treatment group) and water-holdi...
Syed Roohullah Jan1, Kareem Akhtar2*, Uroosa1, Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir3, Abdul Shakoor4
...out to determine surface hardness before and after the coatings. This study reveals that uniform composite coating of Ag-Sn-Cu can be achieved without Mercury using the cold spray. Hence cold spray technique can be used in the future for filling cavities and other dental applications.
...
Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Sheeza Bano1, Sadia Nazir3, Ghulam Abbas4, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha5, Maria Lateef2 and Fatima Yasmin2
....00.00°C), and water hardness (198.00 mgL-1), with three replicates for each dosage in the tests. Significant variations were noted in the LC50 values and lethal responses for both fish species. Catla catla exhibited mean LC50 and lethal concentrations of 55.78±0.55 and 80.17±0.40mgL-1, respectively, while Labeo rohita showed values of 63.92±2.48 and 102.07±0.50mgL-1. Labeo rohita demonstrated higher sensitivity in terms of 96-h...
Zahid Mahmood1, Mohammad Salim2, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Zahid Rauf1, Muhammad Naqash1 and Ahmad Hussain3
...endicular to grains, End hardness and Side hardness. Results revealed that Papular deltiodes has low-very low strength wood species with moderate hardness; Papular euphratica were a high-density species having high elasticity, low bending and compression, with medium hardness; Eucalyptus citridora was hard with medium to very high st...
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Khalid Hussain
... similar in strength and hardness in view of fiber morphological characteristics. Ash wood grown in Kashmir may be better in seasoning and preservation behavior due to its vessels frequency and diameter. Moreover, on the basis of parenchyma distribution Ash wood grown in Kashmir may be comparatively durable against biological decaying agents as compared to that of grown in Quetta, Balochistan....
Endy Triyannanto1, Danung Nur Adli2, Diah Pratiwi3, Lukman Hakim3, Selma Noor Permadi3, Taufik Kurniawan3, Angga Maulana Firmansyah3, Lina Ivanti3, Dinar Suksmayu Saputri3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4, Hari Hariadi5, Tri Ujilestari3, Teguh Wahyono3*
...amma irradiation reduced hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of pork (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, gamma irradiation increases pH values at 0 and 7 d after storage. Furthermore, redness (a*) value increases with increasing irradiation dose (p < 0.01). As expected, gamma irradiation significantly increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide-oxygen value (POV) (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and lactic acid bac...
Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1
...tant pH, temperature and hardness conditions. The study involved sacrificing fish on the 6th, 12th, and 18th days of exposure for tissue and blood sample collection. Histological examinations revealed significant alterations in the fish brain, including necrosis of neurons, cytoplasmic vacuolization, edema, and congestion of neural cells. The severity of these changes increased with higher Malathion concentrations and longer exposure periods. The micronuclei a...
Muhammad Ahsan Raza1,2*, Nabila Roohi2, Abdul Qayyum Khan Sulehria3 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan4
...H, temperature and total hardness while negative correlation was recorded with dissolved oxygen. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for the determination of heavy metals in water. Three heavy metals Nickel, Zinc and Arsenic were found in the following order of their concentrations Zn > Ni > As. Analysis of variance also revealed significant difference in population density of rotifers in various months. Shannon-Weaver diversity index reflected ...
