Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...annually, with high case fatality rates. The main vectors preferably feed on livestock and breed in rice fields, and the majority of cases subsequently occur in rural areas. This review lists the risks of emergence of diseases due to the on-going urbanization, with especial focus on vector-borne diseases, particularly Japanese encephalitis. It is concluded, that although the mechanisms required for an extensive human to human transmission is not present for J...
Behzad Hussain1, 2, Abdullah Iqbal2, Muhammad Abubakar2*
...HF outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 40%, which is alarming. It is a zoonotic disease and the virus is transmitted mainly to the humans through hard tick bite and direct contact with blood of the infected animal. The occurrence of CCHF outbreak in Pakistan is increased quite significantly near Eid-ul-Adha. Haemorrhages are the major signs of this fatal disease. No treatment of CCHF is available currently but Ribav...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...eep (12.3%), with a case fatality rate in goats reached 74.69% in the 2nd outbreak. Affected animals exhibited fever, stomatitis, mucopurulent to bloody nasal/ocular discharges, watery to bloody diarrhea and lameness. The major gross lesions were erosive stomatitis, hemorrhages in lung, liver, abomasum, small and large intestine. PPRV NP was detected in sheep (n=20) and goats (n=18), anti-PPRV NP was also detected among sheep and goats (n=162) by ELISA, 3ABC-F...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
...lubendiamide proved more fatal at higher concentrations than the individual application at lower concentration for pupation and adult emergence of S. litura. Apart from untreated larvae (control) maximum pupation (66.01±1.32 and 73.95±1.28 %) and adult emergence (61.87±1.71 and 67.77±1.11 %) was observed when larvae were treated with NPV (1x107 POB/ml) against 2nd and 4th instar larvae. This s...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi4
...inants (PPR) is a highly fatal and economically devastating disease of sheep and goats. Present study was designed to have an insight into the epidemiology of PPR under field conditions in the country using molecular tools. A total of eighty-four (n = 84) PPR outbreaks were investigated during the study (2010 to 2013). The highest number of outbreaks was reported from Punjab province (n = 38) followed by Sindh (n = 21) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK, n = 10). In ...
David P. Hunt
...t problem of theological fatalism: how divine foreknowledge can be compatible with human freedom. No one has contributed more to the contemporary debate over this problem than John Martin Fischer. The volume under discussion collects eleven of Fischer’s previously published essays on the problem—five earlier papers, and six that appeared just within the last eight years. It also opens with a substantial overview, itself worth the pri...
Iracema Nunes de Barros1,2, Luciane Dubina Pinto3, Rosely Bianca dos Santos Kuroda1, Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva1, Leonardo José Richtzenhain1,2, Cláudio Wageck Canal3 and Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2*
Wei Dang1, Ning Xu1, Wen Zhang1, Jing Gao2, Handong Fan1 and Hongliang Lu 1,*
...ove 37°C resulted in fatality for some individuals. Taken together, these results indicated that both microhabitat and active temperature range contributed to the differences in Hsp70 expression in lizards at normal and elevated ambient temperatures.
...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...in (N) gene of PPRV from fatal infections in small ruminants. For this purpose, RNA was extracted from suspected animal samples (n=18) and were screened by real time-PCR. Additionally, to assess the phylogenomics, the N gene was amplified and sequenced from sheep and goats (n=12). Nucleotide identity among Hail strains was identified to be 96.2-100%, while identity with previously sequenced Saudi Arabian strains and with reference PPRV retrieved from GenBank w...
Ajmal Khan* and Rehan Ullah
Hamidullah1,*, Arshad Javid2, Basit Rasheed1,Jehan Zeb3, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1
Fazal Abbas1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Zunaira Akhtar1, Khalid Mehmood2, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder3 and Umair Iqbal4
...ding factor towards calf fatality and among common diseases of the calves worldwide which cause huge economic losses for the dairy and beef industry. For this study 120 clinically affected calves (n=60 cattle calves; n=60 buffalo calves) under one month of age irrespective of cause of diarrhea was selected from different livestock farms located in the outskirts of Lahore. The result showed that there was increased in packed cell volume (%) in their blood profi...
Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan2
Khizar Azam٭, Abdul Shakoor٭, Riaz Akbar Shah٭, Afzal Khan٭, Shaukat Ali Shah٭,
Muhammad Shahid Khalil٭٭
COMPARISON OF FATIGUE RELATED ROAD TRAFFIC CRASHES ON THE NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN
...ted RTC result in mostly fatal accidents on the Motorway (54%) and serious injuries on N-5 (41%).
...
Riaz Sayed1, Khizar Azam1, Waqar Shah1, Inayat Babar1, Hamidullah1, and Sahar Noor1
A REVIEW OF DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FATIGUE
...ccidents results in1,544 fatalities, 71,000 injuries, and $12.5 billion in monetary losses in the US alone. Around the world, thousands of lives are lost each day due to road accidents. The National Road Safety Secretariat (NRSS) Pakistan estimates, the annual economic cost of highway crashes over rupees one hundred billion (over US$ 1.6 billion) for Pakistan. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the previous literature regarding d...
Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*
Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
...ed and some cases showed fatal infection. The H9N2 is highly contagious, and transmission can occur from chicken to chicken, chicken to humans through the air, or sometimes from humans to humans. H9N2 belongs to alpha influenza virus genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae. It has a minus sense RNA genome of eight segments. This fact makes the virus to easily re-assort, which might yield a new virus strain, and causes an outbreak in unimmunized humans or chickens...
Iftikhar Hussain1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood1, Muzafar Shah2*, Mohammad Salim3, Shabir Ahmed1, Sana Ullah1,Sidra Batool4, Nadia Saeed1 and Khalid Usman1
Saad A. Moussa1, Ahmed F. Afify1*, Suzan Salah2 and Ayman Hamed3
...omplication which may be fatal in young calves up to 3 months of age. A total of 20 fecal samples were collected in the winter season of 2018 and 2019, all samples were serologically screening by antigen-capture ELISA, then molecular confirmation by RT-PCR targeted to nucleocapsid protein gene (N-gene) was carried out followed by phylogenetic analysis. Positive samples were isolated on Vero cell culture and identified by TEM and immune-peroxidase technique. Be...
Ali Zaman1, Nabila Roohi1 and Muhammad Irfan2*
...er bovines suffer from a fatal disease, “Hemorrhagic septicemia” (HS), which is produced by a gram-negative bacterium “Pasteurella multocida.” Existing literature has established bacteria’s pathogenesis, but still, the literature about the role of bacteria and its immunogens on the demonstration of clinical signs, hematology and serum biochemistry in Nili Ravi buffaloes under subtropics is lacking. This study was designed to fulfi...
Arsalan Rasheed1, Tahir Usman2,*, Sadaf Niaz1, Irfan Khattak2, Saira Gul2, Nawab Ali1,Naimat Ullah Khan2, Hazrat Ali2, and Mian Saeed Sarwar2
... to its ability to cause fatal zoonotic infections. These are the zoonotic viruses of both medical and veterinary importance. The virus spread through respiratory droplets and causes diseases, ranging from colds to more serious illnesses: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Respiratory Syndrome, and Severe Respiratory Syndrome 2. The prevalence rate is high during winter and spring. Genomes of coronaviruses have large enveloped +RNA. First human corona vi...
Khurram Goraya1,*, Qais ALRawahi1, Sultan ALBalushi1, Hani ALSaadi1, Sami ALRahbi1, Zahir ALAlawi1, Muhammad Hammad Hussain2 and Madad Hussain1
Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2*
...us, virulent, acute, and fatal gastrointestinal viral disease that fundamentally transforms the pups and collapses the body’s posthaste branching organs, such as bone marrow, lymph node, and the flimsy cell of the intestine, causing bloody diarrhea amidst a high mortality and morbidity rate. CPV is distributed in the family Parvoviridae beneath the subfamily Parvovirinae that pertains to the genus Protoparvoviorus with a high genomic replacement unlike o...
Walaa ,S. Shabanaa;Bakr, A. Abdallaa; Eman, M. ELShalamia; I.M. Redab; M. A. Shalabyb
...virus causes serious and fatal disease in animals and man. It
produces high abortion rate among pregnant ewes and cows, causes heavy mortalities in young
lambs and calves. In the present study the Montanide ISA 50 oil adjuvanted combined FMD/RVF
vaccine was tested in sheep and compares it with single vaccines either FMD or RFV alone.The
mean of antibody titers continued with the protective level till the 32 to 36...
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2, Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3, Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
...ze: small;">Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the accumulation of improperly folded forms of host-encoded cellular-prion protein (PrPc) in the central nervous system (CNS) and in some peripheral tissues in sheep and goats. Scrapie resistant/susceptibility have been associated with the presence of PRNP gene polymorphisms. We analyzed the polymorphisms in PRNP gene sequences in 49 wild Punjab urial (Ovis vi...
Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah
...e, distribution and case fatality rate (CFR) of LF in Nigeria with a view to establish the disease burden and dynamics, and to guide a sustainable control plan. The LF weekly epidemiological reports were obtained from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) between January 2016 - January 2021. Positive cases were confirmed based on laboratory confirmation of LV- transcription polymerase chain reaction (LASV-RT- PCR). The number of suspected and confirmed...
Semra Okur Gumusova1, Gul Fatma Yarim2, Cuneyt Tamer1,*, Ayris Salt2 and Gokhan Inat3
...IPNV) and it is a viral, fatal and contagious disease of young salmonids and nonsalmonid fish with acute to peracute clinical forms. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and cell damage due to IPNV in rainbow trout gonad cell line-2 (RTG-2). For this purpose, IPNV was inoculated in RTG-2. Then, media of IPNV infected cell and media of negative control were collected (n=3) for each incubation time (0, 8, 24, 48, 72 an...
Leila Shirani Bidabadi1,2, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani3, Fatemeh Janjani4, Abedin Sghafipour5*
...nce and sometimes can be fatal. The Iranian spider species belongs to 51 families and comprising 763 species. Of these families, Theridiidae and Sicariidae are the most medically important. The genus Latrodectus (Theridiidae) is the most dangerous spiders in Iran and it comprising five species. Among which Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (black widow spider) is the most poisonous spiders in Iran. Different parts of Qom province were searched for poisonous spiders...
Samah Samir, Amal Awad*, Gamal Younis
...auses edwardsiellosis, a fatal disease of farmed fishes that causes severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Edwardsiella tarda was categorized as a serious food- and waterborne infection that causes a high rate of mortality in people with liver cirrhosis. The goal of this study was to explore the prevalence, virulence-related genes (edw1, cds1, qseC and pvsA), and antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. tarda in Nile tilapia collected from Egyptian...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2 and Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3
...the eradication of these fatal viral diseases....
Sania Subhan Qureshi*,1, Baitullah Khan1, Shahid Khan1, Hanif Ur Rahman1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2
...contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease affecting cloven footed animals including bovine, caprine and ovine. Globally, FMD production losses are up to 21 billion US dollars annually. Annual losses in Pakistan is 692 million dollars in terms of body weight loss, milk production, treatment cost and mortality. FMD is caused by 7 different serotypes of FMD virus having different virulence. To compare the virulence of various FMD serotypes the study was design...
Zahra Jamilah Sabrina1, Adrian Pearl Gunawan2, Beryl Reinaldo Chandra2, Ilham Pangestu Harwoko3, Johannes Marulitua Nainggolan4,Widi Nugroho1*
...hological stress or even fatal to a patient. Autograft and allograft have long been used to improve fracture healing, but flaws limit their use. Xenograft from micro-carbonated hydroxyapatite (micro-CHA) and nano-CHA from bovine bone combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) was hypothesized to accelerate fracture healing. This study aimed to characterise micro-CHA and nano-CHA synthesized from bovine bone and analyze their effects as xenografts on fracture hea...
Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3
...ources enormous economic fatalities in most divisions of the globe as well as Pakistan. This study was designed with the objective to determine the hematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 500 blood samples (Sheep, n=250, Goat, n=250) were collected from different areas of South Waziristan. Samples were processed meant for the incidence of haemo-parasites and divers...
MUHAMMAD MUNEEB SOHAIL1, FATIMA AMEER2, GUR CHARN SINGH2, MUHAMMAD ZAID1*
...n of fast food may prove fatal for lowering the HDL level in the urban population also. This data gathered may have implications in the characterization and diagnosis of diseases but it can prove helpful in assessing their severity and type.
Chun Shi, Juanjuan Guo, Meng Li, Qi Yang and Jingang Li*
... poor prognosis and high fatality rate. However, whether it can promote or slow down intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury remains unclear. Spermophilus dauricus is a hibernation animal with a short awake time that interrupts the long hibernation period. When these events occurred, the long-term ischemic intestine in hibernation rapidly congested and entered the hibernation and ischemic state again. However, Spermophilus dauricus is not sick, and this might b...
Tajul Islam Mamun, Jillur Rahman, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jamal Hossain, Md Wakil Mahmud and Kamruz Zaman
...ne of the most important fatal infectious diseases of cats and has a high mortality rate. The study finds out the prevalence of FIP in cats over Dhaka City Corporation. From October 2022 to December 2022, 479 cats were investigated at the Care and Cure Veterinary Clinic in Dhaka. The study showed that approximately 3% (15/479) of cats had feline infectious peritonitis base on clinical history, clinical examination, FIP antibody kit test, blood test and Rivalta...
Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3
...virus. It cause acute to fatal infection in cattle. Lumpy skin disease results in loss of weight, infertility, abortion in cows and reduction in milk production. In this way this disease has a serious threat to economy of Middle East, European and African countries due to loss of meat and dairy products. LSD is becoming a global threat mainly in region of Middle East and Europe due to trading patterns and climate change as well. LSDV is spreading from one to a...
Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2*
...re with almost 100% case fatality. While all lyssavirus rabies genetic data -including whole genomes- from Egypt are clustered within a unique lineage (Africa-4 lineage of the cosmopolitan clade), no report provided detailed description of this lineage genome and the last published whole genome dates back to 2009. In this context, a complete RABV genome (5EG-QH19) was obtained from a stray dog, analyzed, and compared to other RABV sequences to update the prese...
Ikramullah and Inayatullah Jan*
Farhana Umer1, Muhammad Sheryar2 and Sangam Khalil3*
...power lines are the most fatal hazard to birds. The power lines and poles have caused fatal risks for birds and have affected their habitats significantly. Dangerous types of power poles in the middle voltage lines which have small distances between the lines and short insulators cause short-circuits between conductor wires or ground-faults. This paper presents a survey conducted in Multan city, Pakistan. In this survey, all...
Morcos Ibrahim Yanni1* and Eid Elsaid Abdelaziz2
...ht: normal;">Rabies is a fatal worldwide viral disease and contributes to a great economic load in Egypt through the death of animals and control strategy costs. Due to Egypt’s privileged location and friction with neighboring countries and far countries from Europe and Asia throughout the ages, the current research goal is to evaluate the extent of their influence on nucleotide and amino acids variation of rabies virus isolates from the brain tissues of...
Madbouly, H.M; Orkhan, M.H**; Nagwa El-khoty
... and induced higher case fatality in human in Viet Nam. phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). genes of 2006 strains revealed that these isolates are located in Euro•Asio-African lineage which contains Al H5Nl strains from Egypt, Turkey, Romania, Iraq, Mongolia, Iran, Korea and Nigeria and differed from those strains isolated in South-Eastern of Asia which contains Cambodia, Thailand, and Viet Nam Al H5Nl strains....
Xiaojun Li
.... This effect is firstly fatal to diamondback moth larvae after feeding, and may also cause antifeedant and aversion of diamondback moth larvae....
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...ity, mortality, and case fatality rates were 32.5% (187/575), 6.1% (35/575), and 18.7% (35/187), respectively. There was no significant difference in disease occurrence between different age groups, but animals aged <1 year revealed high mortality. The analysis confirmed that the Holstein breed, females, summer season, and communal water and feeding system all have a major impact on LSD occurrence in cattle. To control the spread of LSD infection, introduci...
Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*
...mortality rate, and case fatality of FPV infection in the domestic cats of different age groups and sexes. In this study, 40.45% cats were found to be infected with FPV, where mortality rate and case fatality rate were 23.66% and 58.49%, respectively. FPV cases were most frequently recorded in non-vaccinated young local male domestic cats. Anorectic condition, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, and different level of dehydration w...
Mustafa Abd El Raouf*, Mostafa Abdelazim, Abdel Basit M. Abd El-Aal, Shebl E. Salem
...uctive urolithiasis is a fatal disorder affecting young male buffalo calves. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Walpole’s solution in dissolution of urethral calculi in buffalo calves with ruptured bladder in comparison to ammonium chloride. Therefore, twenty male buffalo calves aged 4-7 months admitted to the Clinic of Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University then diagnosed as obstructive urolit...
