Nisar Ahmad1*, Inayatullah Jan2, Saif Ullah1 and Sidra Pervez1
...ployment generation, and export earnings in the economy of Pakistan. Due to modernization in agriculture sector over the last few decades, credit needs of the farmers have increased rapidly. Credit is considered an important factor for raising the productivity and income of the farmers. The current study attempts to analyse the impact of credit on wheat productivity in district Jhang. Furthermore, study explores the purpose of farmers for acquiring loan and ma...
Arif Khan, Abdur Rahman, Shoail Akhtar, Siraj Uddin, Zahid Ullah and Nazir Ahmad
...urce of quality beef for export in future....
Mehreen Zaidullah and Hina Fatima
... agricultural import and export, and farm related policies should be made harmonious with the changing population statistics and pacing urbanization in Pakistan to make this transition period smooth....
Robina Karim and Dawood Jan
...of variation of Pakistan exports trade estimates at 0.1657 during 1985-90 and 0.0936 during 1990-95 pre-WTO periods, which with the exception of sub-period 2000-05 decreased throughout post-WTO period, which suggests Pakistan exports got smoothened after WTO’s implementation in the world arena, perhaps due to less restrictions on trade after WTO’s arrival, relative to pre-WTO period. Compared to
Irshad Ahmad
...ranked third in value of exports after onion and tomato. It is attacked by a number of insect pests including walnut borer (Zeuzera coffeae Nietner) that adversely affects the yield and quality of the fruit and wood. This study describes the life cycle of the pest, the nature and extent of damage done to walnut, and the preventive measures applied under integrated pest management program (IPM) and includes the cautious use of chemical insecticides, mech...
Shantanu Jha1, A. Rama Devi1, Ngalaton Kasar1 and Abhishek Mukherjee2
Trinh Thi Viet Ha1, Pham Duy Liem2 and Li Shuang1*
...st producer,consumer and exporter. The current study was conducted to analyze the rice export interdependency between these two countries using empirical approaches. The findings of the study show that the pattern of rice trade between China and Vietnam is fluctuated. The trade volume between China and Vietnam is smaller, and the fluctuation of trade is larger, and there is a large space for the development of rice trade bet...
Mohammad Aslam*
... has been a sizeable net exporter of rice. An effort has been made in the present paper to probe the possibility of attaining food autarky through a partial substitution of wheat with rice in the consumption plan of consumers. The study reveals that rice is a substitute food commodity for wheat and may be promoted as such. Since level of significance is small, it may need sustained promotional efforts and appropriate policy measures on the part of the state. M...
Ayesha Tahir, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif, Waqar Akhtar and Nadeem Akmal*
AN OVERVIEW OF TOMATO ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
...al tomato production and export trends, market destinations for Pakistani tomato, regional acreage comparison, country's share in tomato export and revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of tomato. Pakistan's share in world tomato exports was negligible in 2000.The results of global and domestic tomato production and export trends depict that the
Waqar Akhtar*, Nadeem Akmal*, Hassnain Shah*, Muhammad Azam Niazi** and Ayesha Tahir*
EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF PAKISTANI HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS
...tan's competitiveness in export of selected horticulture commodities by employing set of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and revealed competitive advantage indices with respect to global trade. Results demonstrate that Pakistan has comparative and competitive advantage over the period under analysis and indicates a transition from comparative and competitive disadvantage to comparative and competitive advantage during the period under analysis. Tangerines...
Ayesha Tahir*
FORECASTING CITRUS EXPORTS IN PAKISTAN
...ck the trend analysis of export quantity and export value for citrus in Pakistan. The findings of the study are based on citrus export quantity and export value data from 1990 to 2011. Two models of trend analysis were applied but most appropriate model for trend analysis of the present study was quadratic trend model. Forecasting was done from 2012 to 2...
Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi* and Abdul Jabbar**
SEAFOOD EXPORTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD
...food production, seafood exports, direction and future prospects of seafood exports from Pakistan. The production of inland and marine fish was 729,000 t in 2012-13. Not only seafood output in the country is low but dwindling to the disastrous level. Export of seafood has increased from 131,620 t (a value of US$ 315.5 million) in 2011-12 to 136,360 t (a value of US$ 333.13 million) in 2012...
Ghulam Sadiq Afridi*, Abdul Saboor**, Zahoor-ul-Haq***, Sultan Ali
Tariq**** and Muhammad Ishaq*****
EXPLORING POTENTIAL AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PAKISTAN'S COTTON EXPORT
...e. It has major share in export but unfortunately unable to meet international standards. This study aims to analyze the pattern of Pakistan cotton export, and to explore sector's export potential and opportunities. This new research endeavor with well-tested analytical tools enabled the trade experts and policy makers to explore the answer of lackness for diversification in
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
...uce in both local and in export market. Yield of hydroponic tomatoes was measured in hectares. Benefit cost ratio was studied and other measures of performance like export intensity, local penetration ratio etc. were also analyzed. Average yield of hydroponic tomatoes was found to be 161.8±6.6 ton per hectare as against 10.07±0.4 in open field. The BCR was found positive at 1.07 and 1.44 for with and without ca...
Irfan Ali Sabir1, Saeed Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees2, Ahmad Sattar Khan1, Maryam3 and Ishtiaq Ahmad2
...se in the production and export of mango in the last few years. Low yield and poor quality are considered the major limiting factors in export. Therefore, some high yielding good quality exotic mango cultivars were acclimatized in the country and a comprehensive research studies were executed to investigate the yield potential, fruit physico-chemical characters and sensorial aspects. Diverse seventeen commercial and noncomme...
Iqbal Javed1*, Amar Razzaq2, Mudassar Yasin3, Muhammad Ali Imran4, Haroon Javaid5, Iftikhar Nabi6, Anum Sardar1 and Shahbaz Ahmad7
...n is at number twelve in exports of the mutton according to the estimation of 2015. Although Pakistan’s meat industry is performing well however, there is more potential in the sector of livestock and hence for the exports of meat to all over the world. The study in hand is designed to explore the current performance and competiveness of meat industry of Pakistan. Keeping the importance of the meat industry of Pakistan...
Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah6
...gmenting and stimulating export of the country. The pea’s cultivators and also market agents were quizzed by using structured questionnaires in two related districts that is Haripur and Mansehra in the year 2013-14. The data were analyzed by using SPSS Package version 22 for calculating marketing marginal analysis and cross-tabulation were also been employed. The studied statistics of the land size of chosen pea’s farmers fluctuated amongst 0.878 t...
Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai1
...ational level food group exports decline from 3,439.4 million US$ during 2015 to 3040.7 in 2016. Increase in productivity and efficiency has been the major concern for agricultural researchers and policy makers in Pakistan. In current study allocative efficiency of sugarcane growers in district Charsadda was worked out with frontier model. Randomly 118 sugarcane growers were interviewed during crop season 2014-2015. For survey data a pre-tested structured ques...
Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram
...ying pivotal role in its export economy. Due to various pathogens the quality of fruit gets diminished. One of such problem includes the occurrence of various skin disorders which leads to the rejection of fruit in international market. This study was designed in order to identify the pathogens that ruin the peal of Citrus reticulata Blanco (kinnow) in order to improve its quality. About twenty six sampled fruits of Citrus reticulata having damaged skin were o...
Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1
...d determinants of kinnow exports from Pakistan to international markets of UAE and USA by using the primary data. Primary data is collected through pretested questionnaire from 30 kinnow exporters out of total 40 exporters. Personal interviews were conducted by selecting convenient sampling technique. Along with export margin analysis of both markets, an...
Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain1
..., which has been a major export contributor of Pakistan. In this scenario, drought-tolerant cotton cultivars with zero tillage could be the best option. This research aims to quantify the impact of limited water on lint yield and quality of cotton genotypes. An experiment was managed in a split plot, randomized complete block design, replicated thrice at the Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan. The experiment was conducted in 2016 using treatment...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
... local textile industry, exporting cotton lint and livelihood of cotton farmers in Pakistan. Potential productivity in agriculture is possible with introduction of advanced mechanization, which is only feasible with financial injections in this sector. The study in hand has focused the role of credit in the cotton production of southern Punjab. Simple Random Sampling technique was used in the study for selecting the respondents in both districts of cotton area...
Anam Sardar1, Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehaman2*, Mudassar Yasin3, Raheel Saqib4, Allah Bakhsh3, Haroon Javaid5 and Muhammad Luqman6
... out to explore the beef exports from Pakistan and to understand the potential markets and the importance of beef meat industry in Pakistan. The secondary data have been used to conduct the research on beef export from 2002-2016. NPC (Nominal Protection Coefficient), RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage) and RSCA (Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage) were estimated to find the possible international markets for beef. Acc...
Umar Hayat1*, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3
... inputs and agricultural exports have shown a positive impact on agricultural growth and ultimately on the overall GDP growth of the economy. The government needs to allocate more funds for institutional credit, encourage agro-based industries, use of updated technology in the agriculture sector, provide advanced techniques to livestock-related farmers and to promote agricultural exports for foreign exchange earnings to achi...
Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Shahid Yousaf1, Salman Khurshid1*, Qurrat Ul Ain Akbar1, Saqib Arif1, Nasreen Fatima2 and Ali Murad Rahoo3
...rus for local as well as export oriented markets.
...
Rakhshanda Kousar1, Tahira Sadaf1*, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Muhammad Amjed Iqbal1 and Raza Ullah1
...hat Pakistan do not have export competitiveness and competitive advantage in case mango, citrus and dates. Value of Relative Export Advantage Index is less than one which illustrates that Pakistan is having competitive disadvantage of Pakistan in case of production of mango, citrus and dates throughout the study period. In a similar token results of log of Relative Export Advantage Index i...
Qaisar Mehmood1*, Maqbool Hussain Sial1, Saira Sharif1, Abid Hussain2, Muhammad Riaz3 and Nargis Shaheen4
...and for planning of fish export. Objective of this research is to propose suitable Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for forecasting the production of fisheries, using Box-Jenkins’s (1976) methodology. Secondary data, “50 years of Pakistan: volume-iii (1947-1997)” published by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) and World Development Indicators World Bank (2016) from the year 1947- 2016 was used. After comparing all possi...
Muhammad Ramiz Murtaza1, Tahir Mehmood2*, Aziz Ahmad2 and Uzma Arshad Mughal3
...mes at 3rd number in the export of Mango. About 80 percent of Mango exports come from Punjab province. Muzaffar Garh district stands at third position in producing good quality mangoes in Punjab followed by Multan and Rahim Yaar Khan. Present research was done to check the economics of mango production with and without intercropping and determined various factors that affect mango production in Muzaffar Garh. Simple random s...
Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Farhana Khaliq1, Amar Razzaq3, Mudassar Yasin4, Ghulam Mustafa5, Allah Bakhsh6 and Raheel Saqib7
...mic variables on basmati export competitiveness panel data set is used following Park’s Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). According to the results of the study about the impact of macroeconomic variable on basmati competitiveness, inflation has negative and significant effect on export competitiveness of Pakistani basmati. Inflation in trading partner has positive and significant effect on basmati
Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh3
...kistan but it is also an export commodity earning precious foreign exchange for the country. However, rice is a water intensive crop compared to other cereal crops. In view of climate change, water management for agriculture encompasses all technologies and practices leading to water productivity enhancement to address increasing irrigation water demand and declining water resources. One of such technology known as laser land leveling was introduced in Pakista...
Bilal Atta1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Sabar1, Bakhtawar3, Faizan Ali3 and Mehran Sarwar3
...of stored grains. Due to export regulations and zero-tolerance for alive insects in trade commodities, synthetic pesticides are often used to eliminate pest infestation in consignments. Phosphine is currently one and the only acceptable chemical used in stored grains, but due to their overuse, stored grain pests become resistant to this fumigant. There is, therefore, a great need to find alternatives. In this study insecticidal efficacy of different plant extr...
Iqbal Javed1, Abdur Rehman2*, Iftikhar Nabi3, Amar Razzaq4, Raheel Saqib5, Allah Bakhsh6, Muhammad Mohibullah7 and Muhammad Luqman8
...erent factors on basmati export from Pakistan. For this purpose, panel data of eleven markets are collected from 2003 to 2016. Independent macroeconomics variables used in the study are exchange rate of Pakistan, exchange rates of trading partner, inflation in Pakistan, inflation in trading partner and dummy variables joint border and religion by application of Park’s Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS). Result of this study showed that exchange rat...
Rafi Javed Qureshi* and Iftikhar Hussain**
INTERNATIONALIZING MANUFACTURING SMEs IN A DEVELOPING REGION: AN EXHAUSTIVE CDA-BASED EXPLORATORY APPROACH
...lyze factors influencing exporting are far from sufficient. A multi-method and exhaustive approach is necessary to explore the adequacy of factors in question. The three methods relevant to categorical data analysis (CDA) in this paper highlights the enabling role of the exploratory factors in understanding the relationship with SME’s exporting. Categorical regression overcomes the limitations of bo...
Kui Zhang1,2, Ping Geng1, Sher Khan Panhwar3, Khadim Hussain Memon4 and Zuozhi Chen1,2,*
...xchange earnings through exports. However, stock assessments are available for few of the commercial marine fish species in Pakistani waters. Most commercial fish species lack assessments of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and allowable catch, a situation that hinders effective fisheries management. A Catch–MSY model based on statistical catch data and prior information on population parameters was applied to assess the total allowable catch (TAC) and MS...
Salim Raza1*, Khan Gul Jadoon2, Sajjad Hussain1, Zahid ur Rehman1, Saira Sherin1 and Noor Muhammad1
Mitigation Plan for Identified Problems Faced by the Marble Industry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...es in the production and export of marble including China, Italy, India, Spain, Brazil and US etc., have developed their marble sectors on scientific grounds by applying modern techniques. Pakistan also hosts huge reserves of different qualities of marble but this sector could not developed to the international standards due to a number of difficulties. As a result of these problems, the raw marble excavated from quarries carries less economic value and could ...
Zarqa Khalid1*, Muhammad Asad ur Rehman Naseer1, Raza Ullah1 and Shahzad Khan2
Measuring the Global Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Cotton Crop
...e industries and is also exported in the raw and processed form to other countries. Pakistan was a net exporter of cotton but now becomes a net importer due to its continuous domestic consumption and stagnant yield. This study aims to assess the trade competitiveness of cotton crop for the world’s 10 leading cotton exporters using revealed comparative advantage indices and relative c...
Mehar Ul Nissa Rais1*, Tahmina Mangan1, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito1 and Naeem Ahmed Qureshi2
A Trend Analysis: Forecasting Growth Performance of Production and Export of Chilli in Pakistan
...onsumed domestically and exported throughout the world. The present research was carried out to examine province wise production, export growth performance and forecasting of chilli in Pakistan. Annual time series data of 38 years (1981-2018) of chilli production and export was employed for this study. Overall, chilli production of the Pakistan exhibited a positive growth of 1 percent over...
Wentao Wang1,2, Xu Lin3, Jianshu Zhuo3, Dongjie Zhang2, Xiuqin Yang3* and Di Liu1, 2*
...ocalization sequence and export signal were characterized through site-directed mutagenesis analysis, although their existence was predicted by bioinformatic methods. The results increase our knowledge of E2F3b mRNA diversity and provide basis for in-depth functional research.
...
Waseem Khalid1, Ali Ikram1*, Muhammad Rehan2, Farukh Adeem Afzal1, Saadia Ambreen1, Marryam Ahmad3, Afifa Aziz1 and Anam Sadiq1
...ompounds. It is the most exported and consumed fresh fruit and the residues like seeds and peel are commonly thrown out. It is cultivated in many countries and has high financial value worldwide and all this is due to adaptation to climate and various types of soil., Melon is an excellent source of biologically active compounds for humans due to good taste and rich chemical composition. Glucose, fructose, vitamin A, D, C, K, E, and some vitamins from group B a...
Umair Riaz1*, Shazia Iqbal2, Muhammad Irfan Sohail2, Tayyaba Samreen2, Muhammad Ashraf1, Fatima Akmal2, Ayesha Siddiqui3, Ijaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Naveed5, Naveed Iqbal Khan5 and Rao Masood Akhter6
...with 1.48% share in MAPs exports, India is second largest exporter of MAPS with 8.75% share in Asian trade of MAPs. Various biomass and leftover produced with these plants production, as the MAPs cultivation withstands a huge economic potential, but it has several limitations to adaptation as arable crops i.e. lower prices, non-availability of transit markets, underdeveloped cultivation technology, poor availability of culti...
Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Humaira Ramzan1, Mudassar Hafeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Aneela Riaz3, Sher Muhammad4 and Muhammad Latif4
...n, area under growth and export. Silicon (Si) is ranked second by its presence in soil. Si has not yet been classified as a essential nutrient for plants; although it has shown to be beneficial for plant development. Crop production is seriously affected by salinity worldwide. This research was performed in the research zone of Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences during the summer, 2018 in College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pak...
Chala Hailu Hussen and Fikiru Temesgen Geleta
...1960s around traditional export commodities such as coffee, cotton and cocoa. Thus, this study was initiated to describe socio-economic factors of cluster crop producers, challenges of cluster crop production, and examine factors affecting smallholder farmers’ participation decision in cluster crop production. By employing two-stage sampling techniques, data was collected from 160 farm households of selected Western Shewa zone districts, namely Ejersa-La...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
...in a specialized protein export pathway was cloned and overexpressed. ΔfliI mutant Salmonella strain was used to transform fliI overproducing plasmid pTrc99A by electroporation. Using vital dyes (Alexaflour 488), visualization of motility was observed in wild type, Δ fliI mutant and fliI complemented strainwhich was further assessed by biofilm formation ability. Swimming, swarming motility alongwith significantly ...
Nazeer Ahmed Lashari1*, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh2, Aijaz Hussain Soomro2 and ShamsuddinTunio3
...gs can be helpful to the exporter, farmers and households in the selection of packaging material and storage environments for white rice storage....
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Umbreen Shahzad2, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sami Ullah2, Muhammad Arshad Farooq2, Muhammad Kashan2 and Shitab Khan2
..., which has been a major export contributor of Pakistan. In this scenario, reduced tillage could be the best option. A field experiment was conducted during 2019 to study the impact of two tillage systems [reduced (10 cm depth, one tiller followed by rotavator) and conventional (20 cm depth, including disc plough, cultivator, rotavator, and levelling operations)] and five irrigation intervals (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days) on cotton yield and lint percentage. To...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1*, Malik Saddique Mehmood1 and Faisal Amin2
Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3
...nts of Mandarin (Kinnow) export from Pakistan. In this study, the dynamic panel data of 29 importing countries for the period of 2005 to 2018 was estimated by GMM (Generalized Method of Moment) model. The variables of total exports of Kinnow, domestic prices, population of importing countries, domestic exchange rate, exchange rate of importing countries, domestic production, and distance between trading partners were used to...
Performance Stability Assessment in upland Cotton Strains throughout Cotton-growing Belt in Pakistan
Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4
...nal economy by enhancing exports. The yield performance of cotton is fluctuating under erratic test conditions due to genotype into environment interaction. The present study was executed at 14sites throughout Pakistan according to a randomized complete block design replicated 03 times during Kharif (summer season) 2019.The experiment aimed to assess the performance stability of studied strains in terms of seed cotton yield against selected environments. Twent...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Muhammad Sufyan Khan1, Tooba Saeed2, Mohammad Ilyas3 and Hazrat Husaain4
... 0.22%, Pakistan’s exports decreased by 54.19%, while imports decreased by 34.49%, industries manufacturing reduced up to 40%. The poverty rate increased to 43%, annual growth in waste production is up to 2%, children’s pattern of daily screen use increased from 1.4% to 33.3% and physical activities decreased from 10.1% to 5.8% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Till now, 5 strong waves have affected millions of people in Pakistan. To control this disea...
Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5
...nd production besides an exportable commodity. Presence of large seed number in Kinnow is big issue for fresh consumption and as well as for processing industry in the international markets. Visualizing such compulsions of international markets, a systematic study was undertaken by Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal with identification of five less seeded kinnow strains (1-6 seeds). Results depicted that less seeded kinnow strain, encoded LSKS-2, produced...
Ijaz Haider1,2*, Muhammad Riaz2, Sikandar Ali2, Qurban Ali1, Ali Noman3, Dilbar Hussain1, Imran Nadeem1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Aqsa Abbas1, Asad Aslam1, Hafiz Saad Bin Mustafa2, Ejaz Ul Hassan2, Muhammad Zubair2, Muhammad Saleem1 and Muhammad Kamil Malik1
...ash crop of Pakistan and export commodity. Yield of cotton crop is affected by many factors but insect pests especially whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is destroying cotton crop yield and quality in recent times. Many control measures are adopted against this pest including chemical control methods. Due to certain environmental issues and insecticide resistance problems, adoption of alternate methods of insect control is imperative. In this ex...
Muhammad Ismail1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2, Zarina Qasim3, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*
...n emerging threat to the export of Pakistani citrus fruits to overseas markets. Integrated pest management (IPM) is an appropriate and sustainable strategy for controlling fruit flies as it is based on integrated application of all available pest control methods with minimum implication of hazardous synthetic insecticides. In this study, five treatments including field sanitation (T1), pheromone-based attract and kill strategy (T2), protein-based bait method (...
Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1*, Atta Hussain Shah1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1 and Asghar Ali Kamboh2
...re importance due to its export potential and domestic consumption. Due to the fast growing life style of urbanization, most of consumers purchase the meat in fresh form because they hardly find time to purchase daily fresh meat. Therefore, they purchase the meat in bulk quantity to meet their daily necessities and stored in freezer or refrigerator and consume after certain intervals. Hence the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of chilling, fre...
Asifa Hameed1*, Haider Karar2, Abdul Ghaffar1, Abid Hameed Khan1, Muhammad Mubashir1 and Ghulam Mustafa1
...ique sweet taste and are exported to the Middle East, China, Afghanistan, and different European countries. Although mangoes have been cultivated in Punjab, Pakistan since ancient times, yield of mangoes is still very low, about 8-10 tons per hectare. Successful pollination is required to achieve a bumper crop. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at Mango Research Institute, Multan to understand the role of insects’ in successful pollination and ...
Salman Ahmad1*, Muhammad Asim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Muhammad Atiq3, Yasir Ali4, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad5, Malik Abdul Rehman6 and Naeem Akhtar7
...to citrus production and export. The current research was designed with two objectives; (1) to study the population dynamics of Diaphorina citri, the vector of CG, and (2) to record the incidence of CG in different citrus growing areas of Punjab and estimation of losses caused by this disease. To study the dynamics of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), a comprehensive survey of kinnow (Citrus reticulate cv. kinnow), musambi (Citrus sinensis cv. musambi) and feutrell&...
Deny Juniwati1, Hadri Latif2*, Trioso Purnawarman2, Zhang Shuqi3
...o;s largest producer and exporter of edible bird nest (EBN), with the leading destination being the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The provision of nitrite levels is less than 30 ppm for raw cleaned EBN, so the EBN is washed to reduce it. The industry generally washes EBN with reverse osmosis (RO) water, but this method does not significantly reduce nitrite levels. Therefore, an alternative method is needed. This study aimed to analyze the effect of w...
Satya Fahriani1, Hadri Latif2*, Herwin Pisestyani2, Zhang Shuqi3, Suyanto Chen3
...o;s largest producer and exporter of edible bird’s nest (EBN). One of the importing countries requires that EBN be heated minimum 100 °C, with a minimum F0 value of 2.8, commercial sterilization with retort method. Indonesia’s government does not have data on the effect of retorts on the safety and quality of EBN. This study aimed to examine the nitrite level and rehydration capacity of EBN after undergoing a retort process. The samples were 24...
Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5
...s, enhanced quantity and export quality should be utilized. ...
Saloua Ziani1*, Khalid Sohaib2 , Youssef Lhor3, Ikhlass El Berbri4, And Ouafaa Fassi Fihri4
...dogs. Data from 848 dogs exported from Morocco was collected. The results revealed that too-old dogs (over six years) or too young (under four months) are also less likely to respond to vaccination than dogs that are four months to six years old. A dog receiving a booster dose is better immunized than a dog receiving a single dose. On the other hand, the time interval between the last vaccination and the time of sampling also affected the titer. The longer the...
Sajid Mehmood Shahzad
...2020 as the 57th-highest exporter of Seaweeds, locust beans, and related items. Five-year projections for Pakistan (2016–2020) suggest considerable expansion, with a cumulative $8.36 million in trade volume. This review article uses a descriptive approach to understand Pakistan’s potential and the state of its seaweed trade.
...
Khalid Ali Khan1,2,3* and Hamed A. Ghramh1,2,4
...te and quality. Pakistan exports around 4,000 tons of honey with a worth of about $ 23.00 million to Arab countries every year. It is believed that the Pakistani beekeeping industry is entering an era full of opportunities....
Muhammad Bilal Niaz1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Khuram Mubeen1, Mahmood Alam Khan1
and Wazir Ahmed2
...l and other products are exported to other countries. The study was conducted using
the randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were; horse
purslane free crop for whole season, horse purslane free crop for 30 days after sowing
(DAS), horse purslane free crop for 60 DAS, horse purslane and other weeds free crop for
whole season, horse purslane and other weeds free crop for 30 DAS, ...
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman, Muhammad Tahir Laeeq, Nasreen Fatima Rao and Altaf Hussain
...s would be available for export to earn foreign exchange of about 15.112 billion rupees. Additional benefits like land reclamation, employment generation, import substitution and environmental protection will also accrue from afforestation of saline and waterlogged areas with eucalyptus....
Shad K. Khalil and John G. Mexal
...related with the rate of export of photosynthates to the sink generated by mycorrhizal growth. Strong mycorrhizal demand for photosynthates stimulates photosynthesis to the mycorrhizal fungi....
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ayaz
...utilization measures the export potential of
Eucalyptus wood chips from Pakistan could be an
alternative to improve eucalyptus marketing and hence
its profitability and production. In the present study
benefit cost analysis has been carried out to determine
the economic feasibility of manufacturing Eucalyptus
chips at the stump for export purposes. The results of
this analysis showed that at present the marketing
mar...
Mian Muhammad Muslim
...of the rural masses. The export of silk can also be an excellent source of foreign exchange
earning due to its enormous demand world over.
Sericulture was introduced in Taxila locality of Punjab immediately after independence in 1947. Subsequently, it was introduced in and around the irrigated forest plantation where mulberry was available in abundance to support the silkworm rearing programme. Since then it made a slow but steady progress in Punjab. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, Saliheen Khan and R. W. Hussain
...rest on small scale. The export earnings during 1984-85 was 350.0 million rupees. Data were collected from 35 units. The annual installed capacity of the surveyed units is 400, 291, 377 + 156 and 219 thousand pieces for hockey sticks, cricket bats, cricket bats + hockey sticks and all type of rackets respectively. The actual production is 294, 223, 236 + 130 and 202 thousand pieces for hockey sticks, cricket bats + hockey sticks and rackets. The annual wood de...
Mohammad Shariq Khan, Altaf Ahmad and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...re of ephedrine which is exported to different countries of the world and is also used in the medicines prepared by the pharmaceutical concerns of Pakistan....
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
...shawar district. Current export earnings from all sports goods are Rs.199 million; from wooden sports goods Rs.105 million. The export earnings have shown an upward trend during the last 25 years. The exports of hockey sticks are rising steadily, of tennis rackets, steady, of cricket bats, downward; of badminton rackets, insignificant. The increase in prices of raw material and wage rates ...
G. M. Khattak
...permit was required for exporting timber from the Hill Tracts and duty was collected on this timber at the toll stations which have already been mentioned. Schlich recommended the formation of two categories....
Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10
...he country’s total exports are also negligible. This study aims to determine the prospects and challenges of agribusiness in developing countries considering Bangladesh as an example, and investigate the opportunities. With the country’s massive population, agribusiness would grow quickly. Similar factors would increase the demand for food and agricultural goods globally, expanding the country’s export pros...
YP Arios1,2*, J Pamungkas3, IWT Wibawan3, D Iskandriati4, CS Tan5, SPH Rahman5
...ples were taken from two exporting countries and clinics in Indonesia. Samples were tested using the species-independent Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (SVNT). A total of 12 sera (8 cat serum and 4 dog serum), based on the results of the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test analysis, formed antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 in as many as four individuals (33.33%). The existence of protected antibody titers in dogs and cats can provide initial information ...
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