Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2
...n-casein interaction and cellulose particles that function similar to fat globules. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of hydrocolloid gums on functional, textural and sensory attributes of low fat Cheddar cheese. Buffalo milk was standardized at 2% and 4% fat levels to manufacture Cheddar cheese. Cheese samples were manufactured by adding xanthan gum and guar gums individually @ 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% in low fat cheese (2% fat) besides the negative (...
A. Hamid1,*, M. Ilyas2 and S. Kalsoom3
...ietary fiber (lignin and cellulose) was extracted from wheat and maize, while ß glucan was extracted from barley and sorghum. Male rats (n = 32), weighing 200-220 g were induced with hypercholesterolemia and were equally divided into 5 groups to study the effect of purified diet-AIN-93 G, wheat bran feed (WBF) , maize bran feed (MBF), sorghum ß glucan feed (SGF) and barley ß glucan feed (BGF) on plasma total cholesterol (TPC), very low densit...
Rabia Arif*, Shahar Bano, Muhammad Ishfaq and Muhammad Saleem
...3, N5 and N6 strains. 1% cellulose was found effective to enhance the mycelial and perithecial growth.
... 
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...te for the production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for pretreatment with and without autoclaving at 121oC for 15 min. The enzyme production was carried out in an Erlenme...
Ammara Afzal1, Tazmeen Fatima1, Maham Tabassum1, Muhammad Nadeem2*, Muhammad Irfan3, Quratulain Syed2
...r processes convert lignocelluloses to bioethanol i.e. pretreatment of biomass, enzymatic hydrolysis of raw material and fermentation. The sawdust was pretreated with 2.5% NaOH and further processed for SHF and SSF. Maximum saccharification was observed by T. viride (10.17%) followed by T. harzianum (9.19%) and T. koninji (6.91%) at 35˚C for 48h. Among both strategies, SSF combination of T. viride and S. cerevisiae gave maxi...
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...rolysis ...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abdual Rauf Shakoori2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub3, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Sehrish Firyal1, Zaheer Hussain4 and Munir Ahmad5
...up>, using carboxymethyl cellulose as substrate. The deinking potential of recombinant cellulase to remove ink from the paper makes this enzyme a suitable candidate for its use in paper Industry. We are reporting a new member of M42 Family of aminopeptidases. The stability of this recombinant cellulase at wide range of temperature, pH, its high level activity and its paper deinking potential makes it a suitable candidate for its use in paper industry.
...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
... of the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), FW and DM were observed as 401.2, 389.61 and 358.7 mL /g VS with CH4 and CO2 contents of 54.1 and 35.9, 51.13 and 42.2, 56.66 and 40 %, respectively. The volatile solids reductions were 82, 79, 59 and 71 % for MCC, FW, DM and FW + DM, respectively. These results indicate that FW and DM are very desirable substrates for AD and their Co-AD upturns the biogas generation efficiency. Thus, we can concl...
Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2
Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
...s applied in the form of cellulose-made pellets made up of compressed powdered sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse and maize (Zea mays L.) cobs. This pellet formulation was evaluated against worker individuals of O. obesus under laboratory conditions using soil macrocosms. Mortality of termites was determined at different time intervals after their exposure to formulated pellets treated macrocosm soils. Results revealed that fipronil formulated with Z...
Asma Rashid Tariq1,2*, Saadia R. Tariq2, Tariq Mahmud1 and Misbah Sultan1*
Selective Capture of CO2 from Mixture of Different Gases using Cellulose Acetate, Polyimide, Polysulfone and some other Polymers based Mixed Matrix Membranes: A Review
...ix membranes for example cellulose acetate, polyimides, polysulfone, pebax, polybenzimidazole, polymer of intrinsic porosity, polyurethane, chitosan and many more. Likewise, along with other fillers, Metal organic frame works have also been tested as additive for the mixed matrix membranes as they offer several advantages over other fillers. This review majorly presents use of three polymers viz. cellulose acetate, polyimide...
Muhammad Farooq1*, M. Javed Iqbal2, Rizwan Shukat2, Qayyum Shehzad3, Shabir Ahmed4, Elham Azadfar5, Abdul Saboor6, Ibrar Ahmad7, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi1, Kaleem Kakar8, Shoaib Khan9 and Wang Yunyang1
Development of Onion Powder by using Egg Albumin as a Foaming Agent by Foam-Mat Drying Process
...agent and Carboxyl methylcellulose (0.5%) as foam stabilizer and these were dried in hot air tray drier at different temperatures (55°C, 65°C and 75°C) with 3mm sheet thickness of onion foams. Effect of different concentration of foaming agent and drying temperature was studied on moisture and drying rate of onion paste. Increase in concentration of foaming agent significantly increased the drying rate from 0.422 ± 0.169 for (Control) to 0.7...
M. Javed Iqbal1, Rizwan Shukat1, Muhammad Farooq2*, Iftikhar Ahmed Solangi2, Naila Ilyas3, Rahman Ullah4, A. Shakoor5, Muhammad Bakhtiar6 and Faraz Ahmed7
...agent and Carboxyl methylcellulose (0.5%) as foam stabilizer and these were dried in hot air tray drier at different temperatures (55°C, 65°C and 75°C) with 3mm sheet thickness of onion foams. Effect of different concentration of foaming agent and drying temperature was studied on moisture loss drying rate of onion paste. Increase in concentration of foaming agent significantly increased the drying rate from 0.422± 0.169 (Control) to 0.744&p...
Samra Aftab1, Saleem Ullah1 and Farida Anjum2*
...to check their effect on cellulose hydrolysis. Microbes were isolated from soil by using serial dilution method and were selected on efficiency basis (screening of microbes on the basis of their activities as cellulose degrading agents). The cellulose and related constituent of saw dust and sugarcane bagasse showed that cellulose (49 %), hemi
Sana Shakoor, Tahir Rehman Samiullah, Naila Shahid, Abdul Qayyum Rao*, Aneela Yasmeen, Sana Tahir, Ayesha Latif, Saira Azam, Ahmad Ali Shahid and Tayyab Husnain
...gen reaction on the nitrocellulose membrane. The appearance of 67 KDa protein on the nitrocellulose membrane confirmed its specificity. The intraperitoneal immunization of mice with HA protein along with enhancer (ferund adjuvants) was done and produced antibodies in serum was detected by immunodot blotting assay. The appearance of the dot on spotted position confirmed the specificity of anti-HA antibodies. The titer of anti...
Mubasshir Sohail*, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, Raza Muhammad, Muhammad Usman Asif and Imran Rauf
...roaches to utilize plant cellulose for energy development and its study would be of a great importance in the field of bioenergy and integrated pest management. The study was aimed to evaluate cellulolytic activity which was detected in the gut of mango mealybug, (Drosicha stebbingi). Initially, cellulolytic activity was detected from crude proteins using substrate-agar plate assay and laterally confirmed by endoglucanase assay. Enzyme activity measured using ...
Teguh Wahyono1,2*, Wahidin Teguh Sasongko3, Wijaya Murti Indriatama4, Setiawan Martono5, Slamet Widodo3, Widhi Kurniawan6, Muhamad Nasir Rofiq7
...tergent fibre (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, or non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) content. Samurai 1 sorghum silage had the lowest NDF and ADF, both in non-wilted and wilted materials (P < 0.05). The interaction of wilting and different variety had a significant impact on NDF (P < 0.05), ADF, OM, and CP (P < 0.01). Wilting treatment had no significant impact on all aspects of in vitro degradability. In contrast, variet...
Taufiq Bachtiar1, Muftia Hanani2, Anisiyah2, Winda Puspitasari2, Wahidin Teguh Sasongko3, Teguh Wahyono4*
...cid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and non-fiber carbohydrate. Organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrate content in soil with pH 5.4 ranged between 91.94–94.67, 27.78–38.20, 13.99–22.78, and 16.31–33.82% DM, respectively. Meanwhile, in soil pH of 4.0, ranges were 92.24–94.80, 23.07–39.99, 14.88–22.82, and 12.69–38.20% DM, respectively. The Deja 2 genotype had the highest (p < 0....
Jie Zhang, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Dandan Hu, Xiaofeng XU and Lili Zhang*
... are associated with hemicellulose degradation, and Desulfovibrio, which is associated with lactic acid oxidation, was significantly higher in the grazing than in the house-raised group (P < 0.01). The abundance of the acid-producing Enterobacter, Vibrio, and Selenomonas in the house-raised group was significantly higher than that in the grazing group (P < 0.05). The abundance of Prevotella_7 and Succinivibrionaceae-UCG-001 in the house-raised group was ...
Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1
...g insecticides with some cellulose attractant. In this study, 5% technical grade fipronil was formulated as small beads (3.5 mm) made by a matrix composed of 65% maize cob powder (as source of natural cellulose for termite attraction), 18% starch, 6% sodium alginate, 4% sodium silicate, and 2% urea. Termites infested monitoring stations installed in a sugarcane field were treated with the formulated bait beads and were inspe...
Ali Ahmad1*, Zubair Aslam1, Korkmaz Bellitürk2, Ehsan Ullah1, Ali Raza1 and Muhammad Asif3
...rtion degrading enzymes (cellulose, proteases, lipase, amylases, chitinase), which degrade organic substrates even after they have been secreted. Earthworms change the chemical and physical characteristics of organic substrates, over time reducing the C:N ratio, increasing the surface area exposed to bacteria, and improving the microbial degradability of organic materials. This study aims to demonstrate how organic amendments, rather than chemical fertilizers,...
Rani Winardi Wulan Sari1, Novirman Jamarun2*, Suyitman3, Khasrad4, Elihasridas2, James Hellyward5, Gusri Yanti1
...l detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, and hemicellulose of 62.82%;65.69%;66.17%;50.67%; 57.22%; 55.84%; 63.27%. VFA and NH3 is 156.20%;9.84%. The methane gas production in P3 was lowest 20.57 ml/gr DM. This research concludes that P3 (40% hay mangrove leaves + 60% native grass) had the best resulted effect on nutrient and fiber in vitro digestibility, rumen fluid characteristic, and gas production.
Keywords | Hay mangr...
SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2*
...rghum cane extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temper...
SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2*
...rghum cane extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temper...
Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Ziaul Islam2, Assar Ali Shah3 and Saad Ullah1
...t;0.05)crude fiber, ash, cellulose, and hemicellulose content for diets containing soybean hull (SH) at 3, 6, and 9% compared to the basal diet. Egg weight and egg quality parameters during different phases were not affected among the treatment groups. Total revenue and profit during all phases (phases 1, 2, and 3) while cost-benefit ratio during phase-1 and 2 were recorded significantly higher for the control group than all...
M. A. Amer1; M. H. El-Hammady2; H. M. Mazyad1; A. A. Shalabyl and F. M. Abo-El-abbas
...n blotting assay on nitrocellulose membrane using monoclonal antibodies verified that the PVY-CP gene correctly encoded and expressed a protein reacting with PVY antibodies. The CP gene, approximately 32 KDa reacted successfully with P VY specific monoclonal antibodies in dot blot immunobinding assay (DIBA) as well as in western blot assay. The nucleotide sequence of the Egyptian isolate of PVY CP gene was determined to be 801 nucleotides in length encoding a ...
Muhammad Kefayatullah* and Said Wahab
...lginate), MC1(1 % methyl cellulose), MC2(2 % methyl cellulose), P1(1 % pectin), P2(2 % pectin), BW1(1 % bees wax), BW2(2 % bees wax), CC1(1 % calcium chloride) and CC2 (2 % calcium chloride) were studied for TSS, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, moisture content, percent weight loss, decay index, chilling injury, total phenols, sugar acid ratio and organoleptic evaluation. An increase was obser...
Dede Kardaya*, Deden Sudrajat, Dewi Wahyuni
...gent fibre (ADF) and hemicellulose digestibility (P<0.05), and increased feed efficiency and live weight gain of lambs (P<0.05). It is implicated that zeolite or urea-impregnated zeolite improves lamb performances probably as a result of the cation exchange capacity of zeolite or slow-release characteristics of urea-impregnated zeolite. ...
Elihasridas, Mardiati Zain*, Roni Pazla, Simel Sowmen, Qurrata Aini
...r, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and hemicelluloses in the ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste samples was evaluated by incubating them on in-vitro media at 39ºC/48 h. The analysis of variance following a 5 x 4 randomized block design was used. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the digestibility of ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste in the rumen. The degradation of ammoniated aromatic lem...
Manal A. El-Shazly1, A. s. 2 Abdel Wahab and Salwa N. Zein3
...munoassay (DBIA) on nitrocellulose membranes....
S. I. Zafar, Ulfat Naheed, N. Abdullah and M. Yasin
... 1984) and protection of cellulose
from attack by various cellulolytic microbes (Fan et al., 1982) thereby preventing
bioavailability of as much as half the photosynthethically produced high energy carbon.
Though lignocellulosic biodegradation under laboratory conditions has been well
investigated, reports on this aspect under natural conditions are limited (Zadrazil et al.,
1982). Such studies are necessary not only for an understanding o...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Hanif Gul
...ent era may be termed as cellulose age as almost every thing in our daily use contains cellulose. The increased use of such products is causing the pulp wood and construction industries to expand dramatically to keep pace with the enlarging population, and this is motivating the plywood and lumber mills to intensify their demands. This ever increasing requirements for new products put more and more pressure on tree growers t...
A. Mahmood and Tariq Mahmood
...>
were compared for holocellulose, alphacellulose and
lignin content in branch wood of C. deodara, J.
polycarpos, P. halepensis and P. roxburghii-americana
was comparable with the corresponding values for their
trunk wood. The branch wood of A.pindrow, P.roxburghhii
and P. wallichiana, contained slightly lower
holocellulose content as compared to trun...
S. M. A. Shah, A. Razzaq and M. T. Younis
...racteristics. Their hollocellulose, a-cellulose, lignin, pentosan and contents were determined. Also, losses due to alcohol-benzene solubility, a-hydrolysis, B-hydrolysis and acid purification were examined in these samples....
Iman Hernaman1*, Budi Ayuningsih1, Diky Ramdani2, Romy Zamhir Islami1, Shelvia Octaviana1, Ina Aviana1, Galuh Rahayu1, Aldena Bina Salimah1, Urip Rosani1, Atun Budiman1, Muhammad Rifqi Ismiraj3
... The levels of NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and crude fiber decreased significantly (P <0.05) while rice hull ash filtrate concentrations increased. The highest decrease in ADF and NDF was achieved at concentrations of 0.2 w/v. The use of corncobs with rice hull ash filtrate soaked by 0.2 w/v (RHAF 4) in rations resulted in differences between treatments (P <0.05). CSRHAC 2 gave the highest (P <0.05) of...
Hind A.Norii1, Adel M.Hassen ALZobidy2*
...ml of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) whereas positive control animals received 1 mL of 0.5% CMC (carboxymethylcellulose). Three treatment groups were treated with either the VAC vitex agnus castus extract (150 mg/kg bw or 250 mg/kg bw or 1 mg/kg bw) orally. The result showed an increased in body weight gain in the control group and animals suffering from PCOS. Also, an increase in serum LH was observed in the PCO group a...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Muhammad Imran Babar3 and Irfan Shahzad Sheikh3
...in decreased NDF and hemicellulose and did not show any effect on ADF content of oat fodder. At 48 h of incubation, in situ digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose was greater (p<0.05) with medium levels (N20P20 and N25P25) of P and NP fertilizer as compared to control. The extent of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose digestion and rate of degradation was increased in respon...
Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4
...t did not affect the hemicellulose content of OPF. The urea level in ammoniated steamed OPF resulted in a quadratic decrease in the NDF and ADF contents of OPF, while hemicellulose increased quadratically. A quadratic relationship was observed between the urea levels and either nutrient degradation or gas production in the rumen. Increasing the urea level in steamed OPF resulted in a linear increase in rumen NH3, MBO, and MN...
Sabahat Anwar1, Faria Javaid2 and Qurat-ul-Ain2*
...ted in highly digestible cellulose that lead to the increased production of cellulases. Highest glucose (1.92±0.14 mg/ml), carboxymethyl cellulase (7.33±0.16 IU/ml/min) and filter paperase (10.61±0.15 IU/ml/min) activities observed in pretreated wheat straw, while untreated gave 1.89±0.19 mg/ml, 4.31±0.13 IU/ml/min and 7.88±0.18 IU/ml/min respectively. Seventy percent increase in CMC-ase and 35% increase in FP-ase acti...
Norsyasya Shari1, Nur Nabilah Husin1, Zalilawati Mat Rasid1, Maaruf Abdul Ghani2 and Noroul Asyikeen Zulkifli1*
...lk, water, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and sodium benzoate. There were five treatments consisting of control without added sugar Control, CMD with 5% added sugar (CMD5), CMD with 6% added sugar (CMD6), CMD with 7% added sugar (CMD7) and CMD with 8% added sugar (CMD8). The physico-chemical properties, proximate analysis and sensory test of formulated coconut milk drink were conducted. The water and fat were the major components of...
Sherine Abbas1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M. A. Abdelrazek3*
...tration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) via gavage, high-dose group (73.5 mg/kg) of CO was given by gavage 1/20 LD50 of CO mixed with CMC, and a low-dose group (36.75 mg/kg) of CO was given by gavage 1/40 LD50 of CO mixed with CMC. The administration of the CO began on the 6th day gestation day and continued orally until the 20th day of gestation. Thirty days after birth, blood, and organ samples, including liver and kidney, were taken from both male and fema...
