Spermicidal Activity of Gold Nanoparticles on Male Mice in Vitro
Spermicidal Activity of Gold Nanoparticles on Male Mice in Vitro
Heba Ali Salih*, Mohanad A. Al-Bayati
ABSTRACT
The effect of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) on sperm concentration and motility was studied in the acute toxicity of Gold nanoparticles on semen suspensions using MTT, revealing an increase in sperm death markers with rising Gold nanoparticles concentrations. The lethal concentrations of Gold nanoparticles were determined, with LC50 and LC95 found to be 176.48 and 349.63 respectively. The study examined sperm motility, showing a significant variation at the onset of recording motile sperm, suggesting that sperm concentration was dependent on turbidity. There was a positive correlation between the delay at the start of absorbance recording and Gold nanoparticle exposure concentrations. However, the overall population of motile sperm showed a negative correlation with increased Gold nanoparticle concentration. The Gold nanoparticle concentrations effectively hindered the progressive motility of sperm. Lag time results indicated decreased time values with increased Gold nanoparticle concentrations, suggesting a negative prognosis. The velocity of sperm within a semen suspension exhibited a marked decrease as the concentration of gold nanoparticles increased. Concurrently, The Fraction of Rapidly Moving Sperm was reduced with increasing Gold nanoparticle concentrations, indicating a negative correlation.The motility index of sperm was notably influenced by the presence of gold nanoparticles, exhibiting a pronounced decline as the concentration of these nanoparticles escalated. The study investigated the impact of Gold nanoparticles on DNA abnormalities. The concentration of Gold nanoparticles increased; there was an increase in histone residues and abnormal DNA chromatin, indicating a concentration-dependent relationship. These findings highlight the potential deleterious effects of Gold Nanoparticles on sperm motility and DNA integrity. The study concluded that Gold nanoparticles affect sperm concentration and motility, with increased Gold nanoparticle concentrations leading to higher sperm death markers and reduced motility. An observed correlation exists between the concentrations of gold nanoparticles and the incidence of DNA abnormalities; elevated levels of gold nanoparticles are associated with an increase in histone residues and anomalies in DNA chromatin structure.
Keywords | Gold nanoparticles, Sperm, MTT, LD50, Acute toxicity, Lag time, Motility index, DNA, Acridine, X-ray diffraction, Alanine blue
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