Methane Mitigation Strategies by Optimizing Nutrient Profiles in an Eco-Friendly Mixture of Cassava Pulp and Indigofera Zollingeriana Branch Silage with Strategic Protein Supplementation
Methane Mitigation Strategies by Optimizing Nutrient Profiles in an Eco-Friendly Mixture of Cassava Pulp and Indigofera Zollingeriana Branch Silage with Strategic Protein Supplementation
Muhammad Ridla1,2*, Nahrowi1,2
ABSTRACT
Enteric methane emissions from ruminants are reportedly contributing to climate change, a problem intensified by livestock feeding practices. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate alternative protein sources that could improve nutrient utilization, reduce methane emissions, and enhance feed efficiency in ruminant diets for mitigated environmental impacts. The effects of different protein sources were assessed on nutrient content, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, gas production, methane emissions, and degradability of a basal feed mixture consisting of Cassava pulp (C) and Indigofera zollingeriana branch (I) silage. The basal feed silage (CI) was supplemented with protein sources including Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal (CIIZM), jack bean meal (CIJBM), palm kernel meal (CIPKM), soybean meal (CISBM), and black soldier fly larvae meal (CIBSM). The results showed that gas production was highest in CISBM (159.40 ml/g DM) and CIBSM (159.17 ml/g DM), but lowest in CI (141.92 ml/g DM). Methane production, as a proportion of total short-chain fatty acids (TSCFA), was significantly lower in CISBM (11.33%), CIBSM (11.59%), and CIIZM (12.02%) compared to CI (20.78%), suggesting that these feed combinations may effectively mitigate methane emissions. Degradability was also highest in CISBM (65.79% IVDMD) and CIBSM (65.87% IVDMD). Based on the results, incorporating black soldier fly larvae meal and Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal into ruminant diets can enhance fermentation efficiency, reduce methane emissions, and improve degradability. This offers a promising strategy for reducing reliance on conventional protein sources such as soybean meal, thereby contributing to more sustainable livestock feeding practices.
Keywords | Cassava pulp, Eco-friendly, Indigofera, Methane, Mitigating, Silage
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