Various Thawing Methods of Frozen Bull Semen for Quality Parameters and Fertility of Spermatozoa: Current Situation and Future Perspectives
Various Thawing Methods of Frozen Bull Semen for Quality Parameters and Fertility of Spermatozoa: Current Situation and Future Perspectives
Loan Hong Thuy Vu Nguyen1, Anh Ngoc Thi Dang2, Thuong Thi Nguyen2, Phong Ngoc Van3, Hai Thanh Nguyen2*
ABSTRACT
The current review aims to summarize recent advances of post-thaw quality characteristics of frozen bull spermatozoa associated with the different thawing protocols. We will also further discuss the elevance of these procedures to the critical mechanisms of how to minimize the adverse effects during thawing on bull spermatozoa, and further necessary investigations for definite conclusion. Although the conventional thawing methods at around body temperatures are currently recommended for artificial insemination (AI) in cattle husbandry, very slow thawing ways of spermatozoa seem to induce deleterious events during thawing and consequently trigger injury to plasma membrane and/or biological membrane of organelles. Rapid thawing at higher temperatures for shorter durations (RT) or rapid transient thawing (RTT) followed by subsequent stabilization (SS) at around physiological temperatures for a while can appear to overcome these disadvantages, thus improving not only numerous important quality parameters but also fertility due to shorter exposure to temperatures outside the physiological range, despite several contradictory results. Although no clear recommendation for the ideal thawing procedure of frozen bull semen straws can be made, it is quite clear that overall positive effects of RT or RTT followed by SS seem to be predominant than the currently conventional thawing protocols. Our current knowledge of the application possibility of various thawing protocols continues to change since we gain a greater understanding of the critical mechanism for less damage to the organelles and biological membranes in frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa during thawing. The novel insight into critical mechanisms during thawing under various procedures from this review provides a new strategy for enhancing AI effectiveness.
Keywords | Bull spermatozoa, Frozen semen, Thawing methods, Quality, Fertility
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May 2025
Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci., Vol. 13, Iss. 5,
