Sadiq Hussain, Muhammad Sharif, Sarmad Khan, Fazli Wahid, Hina Nihar, Wiqar Ahmad, Imran Khan, Nadeem Haider and Tabassum Yaseen
...s applied in the form of sulphate of potash. Spores of mycorrhiza were isolated from fresh growing crop of berseem at the University research farm and used as inoculums in this experiment. Results showed the maximum grain yield of 15.09 and 14.7 g pot-1, highest total dry matter yield of 36.3 g and 36 g pot-1, maximum roots dry weight of 5.6 and 5.41g pot-1, hundred grains weight of 4.64 g and 4.6 g were observed for the mycorrhiza inoculation with half and fu...
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
...ed culture. Streptomycin sulphate (10 μgml-1) and Amphotericin B (5 mgml-1) were used as positive controls. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts was also determined. Syzygium aromaticum was proven to have excellent antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, while C. sinensis and M. piperita showed weak antimicrobial activity. Methanolic plant extracts exhibited greater antimicro...
D. C. Khatua, B. Mondal and G. Saha
Bioassay of some agricultural chemicals, human drugs and disinfectants on Phytophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd
...iotics viz. streptomycin sulphate + tetracycline hydrchloride, streptomycin sulphate, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, ofloxacin and norfloxacin at 100 ppm. The insecticide, Profenophos prevented sporangia formation and consequently its germination. Copper sulphate (CuSO4, 5H2O) had adverse effect on mycelial growth and sporangia formation. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Savlon, Dettol and ...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...d through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Disc diffusion method was applied for the evaluation of antibacterial activity of lactoferrin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lactoferrin was determined by 96-well plate method using ELISA reader. Results depicted that CM-Sephadex C-25 was a good cation exchanger for recovery of lactoferrin. Camel raw milk produced 2.4 mg/mL of lactoferrin. The lactoferrin isolated from...
Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid
...cium nitrate and calcium sulphate) at three calcium concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) stored for 30 days at 10 days interval. The experimental results showed that calcium sources, concentration and storage duration significantly affected all the studied attributes. More fruit firmness (5.57 and 5.69 kg cm2), less Total soluble solids [TSS] (8.57 and 8.26 °Brix) and TSS-acid ratio (12.62 and 11.48) were recorded by the alone application of calcium chlorid...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...cipitation with ammunium sulphate, at concentrations as low as 30 μl. Optimized conditions for maximum yield of mutant SK included CSL 6%, 24 h. of fermentation, pH 7.5, 37oC, KH2PO4 0.04%, K2HPO4, NaHCO3 0.15% and 0.015% CH3COONa. The results indicated that UV is the most effective mutagen for hyper-production of SK. Mutant strain UV6 has the potential for enhanced SK production w...
Anum Rafique, Sajid Abdullah, Khalid Abbas, Huma Naz* and Wardah Hassan
...SOD was done by Ammonium sulphate precipitation. Ion-exchange column chromatography was used to purify enzyme for further partial characterization against different range of temperature and pH. As a result of ion exchange chromatography enzyme from kidney of control and Pb+Cr treated fish had highest activity as 508.33 and 427 UmL-1 while highest specific activity was 1105.06 and 1055.55 Umg-1 with 1.98 and 2.70 fold purification, respect...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5
...for asthma and magnesium sulphate is given intravenously as an important adjunct therapy during the acute severe attack of asthma
Objective: This study was panned to determine the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on pulmonary function test in acute severe attack of asthma.
Methodology: A double blind placebo control study was conduced on about 132 asthmatics, which were aged between 18-60 years at Mayo Hospital Emerg...
Muhammad Rehan Aslam1, Muhammad Maqsood1, Zahoor Ahmad2*, Sajjad Akhtar3, Muhammad Rizwan4 and Muhammad Usama Hameed5
...foliar applied magnesium sulphate and irrigation scheduling on the quality and yield of maize (Zea mays). Maximum cob weight without sheath (253.38 g), number of grains per cob (472.49), 1000-grains weight (265.99 g), biological yield (13.08 t ha-1), grain yield (5.05 t ha-1), harvest index (38.43%), grain protein contents (8.09%) and grain oil contents (4.76%) were obtained when two foliar sprays of 0.5% MgSO4 (T2) were applied. Similarly, highest cob weight ...
Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan2
...norganic source includes sulphate of potash (SOP). Potassium (K) was applied to field in such an arrangement that 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0% K was obtained from the organic source and the remaining was balanced form inorganic source for supplying a total K of 80 kg ha-1. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement was used. Hybrids were allotted to main plots and K ratios to subplot. Analysis of the data showed that crop phenology, growth, and...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
..., penicillin g, colistin sulphate, bacitracin and metronidazole. In lab animal trial C. perfringens type D affected the fore stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, pancreas and gall bladder of mice.
...
Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...rified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique and kinetic characterization was also performed against different pH and temperature. CAT activity was measured spectrophotometrically at A240 nm. Results showed that highest CAT activity was noted from the crude extract of control fish gills (140.66±0.71UmL-1) as compared to DM+END exposed fish (99.23±0.71UmL-1). After desalted the CAT activity in gills of both control and insecticides ex...
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*
Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...vity. The sodium dodecyl sulphate
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experimental and control samples revealed protein fractions (KDa) of 149, 132, 101,
72, 75 and (163, 114, 91, 75, 72, respectively. Conclusively, ...
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was also run to analyze protein bands. Statistically significant
increase in total protein contents, albumin and aminotransaminases were noted in sample in comparison with control.
Comparative analysis between experimental and control samples revealed protein fractions (KDa) of 149, 132, 101,
72, 75 and (163, 114, 91, 75, 72, respectively. Conclusively, ...
Hina Ali*, Iram Shaheen and Feroza Hamid Wattoo
Umar Farooq Gohar1, Hamid Mukhtar1,*, Ali Nawaz1, Ikram-ul-Haq1 and Asad Mehmmood2
...bonate, 0.3 and ammonium sulphate, 0.1. The cultural conditions such as incubation temperature (30°C), pH (6.5) and inoculum size and age (2%, w/v, 48 h) were optimized. The maximum cephalosporin production was achieved after 144 h of incubation. The dry mycelial mass was found to be 39.46 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Cephalosporin production was estimated by using spectrophotometric technique.
...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...rified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. Results of partial purification demonstrated that the exposure of insecticides mixture decreased the hepatic CAT activity in fish (43.33±1.41 UmL-1) as compare to control (50.33±1.41 Unit mL-1). After desalting specific activity of hepatic CAT remain lowest in exposed fish as 134.30±0.71 Unit mg-1in relation to control (148.02±0.41 Umg-1...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
...ented with 1000 ppm zinc sulphate. The investigation was started after 15 days of adaptation period and lasted for 30 days. On days 15 and 30 of the study body weight of the animals was recorded, blood and rumen samples were collected. There were no differences in body weight with different levels of Zn supplementation. Red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin levels increased (p<0.05) as compared to control group on the 30th day with Zn supplementa...
Nadia Mangrio1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Nihaluddin Mari3 and Zia-ul-Hassan Shah2
Sikander Ali* and S. Wajiha Khalid
...e was done with ammonium sulphate (20-80 %) followed by dialysis which resulted in 21 % purification from the crude enzyme extract. The molecular weight of enzyme was found to be 86 kDa, as determined by SDS poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis.
... 
Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*
Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...ride @ 3 g, streptomycin sulphate @ 1 g, potassium acetyl benzoic acid @ 10 ml, difenoconazole @ 0.5 ml, extracts of Acacia nilotica @ 10 ml, Datura alba @ 10 ml, and Allium cepa @ 10 ml. These treatments were used by mixing in 10-liter water. The foliar spray was applied four times a year, i.e. March-April and August-September. The results showed that copper oxychloride controlled the disease up to 74%, difenconazole up to 56%, whereas, among botanicals, the ...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2
Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...ntibiotics (Streptomycin sulphate, Oxytetracycline, Cefalexin, Kasugamycin, Kanamycin and Levofloxacin USP) against colony growth of X. axonopodis pv. citri was evaluated at 50, 100 and 150 ppm using disc sensitivity technique. Streptomycin sulphate was found most effective to inhibit the colony growth of the bacterium. Streptomycin sulphate and Oxytetracycline were evaluated against the d...
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1*, Zulfiqar Ali Abbasi1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Naimatullah Leghari2, Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio3, Ahmed Naqi Shah1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro4, Nadia Mangrio1 and Shazia Parveen Tunio5
Evaluation of Irrigation Frequencies and Seed Priming with Plant Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes
... 1.0% Urea and 0.2% Zinc sulphate); and two genotypes of sunflower (HO-1) and (Hysun-33). The analysis of data indicated that irrigation frequencies, seed priming and their interaction affected significantly (P≤ 0.05) on growth and yields of traits of sunflower genotypes. In case of irrigation frequencies, enhanced seed yield (2256 kg ha-1) was recorded in five irrigations followed by four irrigations having non-significant differences with each other. Geno...
Alam Zeb* and Amanullah Jan
...iment. Urea and ammonium sulphate fertilizers were used as a source of nitrogen and sulfur nutrients. Results showed that all quantitative and qualitative parameters of sesame had significantly influenced by year. Study showed that raised bed sown plots significantly (p ≤ 0.05) produced more: leaves plant-1 (243), leaves area plant-1(444.35cm2), branchesplant-1(9), plant height (198.51cm), and seed yield (1339kg h...
Kirshan Chand1, Fahad Nazir Khoso1*, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro3, Sohail Ahmed Otho1 and Jamal-U-Din Hajano4
...nitrate (NO3−) and sulphate (SO2-) were recorded. The Durov diagram was generated which delineated that the overall water samples fell under mixed zones, therefore, the groundwater found neither anion dominant nor cation dominant, but Na-Cl type. The results further revealed that 95% of water samples (38) were alkaline in nature and unfit for dilution purposes of insecticide including Abamectin, Cyromazine, Fluvalinate, Imidacloprid, Methiocarb and Spiro...
Zahoor Hussain1,2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Mustansar Mubeen3, Muhammad Zia Saleem3, Muhammad Umer Naseer3, Muhammad Luqman4, Raheel Anwar5, Faheem Khadija6 and Aqleem Abbas7
... The application of Zinc sulphate (0.75 g/L) combined with Manganese sulphate (0.75 g/L) had significantly increased the fruit diameter, fruit weight, flavedo thickness, total soluble solids, ascorbic acids, juice percentage, and TSS/TA ratio in the citrus greening diseased affected fruits. The other parameters such as titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars in the citrus greening diseased affected...
Noura El-Shahat Attia1*, Abd El-Khalek Ramadan El-Sheikh1, Mohamed Omia Siam2
...ogs were treated with Zn sulphate @10mg/kg orally and daily for 14 days, and the treated dogs revealed a marked improvement in clinical signs and other different hematological and biochemical parameters.
Keywords | Dogs, Zn deficiency, Dermatosis, Skin affection
...
Muhammad Bakhtiar1*, Fayaz Ali Niaz2, Asim Muhammad2, Mamoona Munir3, Wajiha Seerat4, Sadiqullah Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Muhammad Noman Khan7 and Asma Bibi8
...of Nitrogen and ammonium sulphate was used as a source of sulfur. After analysis of the data the results revealed that Fertilizer applied plots showed best performance in all measured parameters as compared to control plots. In the case of N in 160 kg N ha-1 treated plots, maximum protein content, glucosinolate content, and erucic acid (percent) as well as grain yield was recorded, except oil contents which was higher at 20 kg N ha-1 plots, while on other hand...
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
Diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Bovine Mastitis using its Affinity Purified Fraction
Ehab A. Fouad1*, Khaled A. Abd El-Razik2 , Eman H. Abdel-Rahman3
...tation with 50% ammonium sulphate followed by purification with Protein A Sepharose gel. The separated IgG was dialyzed for 3 days against a 0.1 M NaHCO3 buffer pH 8.3 with 0.5 M sodium chloride and 0.02 percent NaN3 before being linked to CNBr-Sepharose 4B swollen beads. Bound fraction was eluted with mixture of glycine (0.1 M) and sodium chloride (0.5 M) at pH (2.3). Purified antigens and unbound were inspected of protein concentration. In the crude antigen,...
Farzana Bashir2, Aysha Saleem1, Khalid Iqbal Khichi2, Rubina Nelofer3* and Rauf Ahmad Khan2
...prepared by using copper sulphate, sodium hydroxide and ascorbic acid and then embedded on rice husk for the removal of bacterial contaminants from drinking water. The Cu-NP embedded rice husk then characterized by SEM, EMAX and ICP-OES techniques. The antibacterial activity was determined by column studies using response surface methodology (RSM) based on three levels, three factorial Box Behnken Design (BBD). The significance of independent variables (flow r...
Nabi Ullah, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar, Amber Jabeen and Ayesha Hanif
Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Tariq Usman4, Bilques Bano5, Nazia Rubab6, Syed Tasadak Mehdi7, Muhammad Wasim Iqbal8, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar9, Hira Hameed10
... (vet) and 0.382% cobalt sulphate in combination were administered orally to the cattle naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. The study design also included infected but un-medicated and uninfected and un-medicated controls. Faecal egg count reduction and larval counts from coprocultures were carried out pre and post treatments to analyze the anthelmintic activity. There was significant difference among the various treatmen...
Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3
... included two K sources, sulphate of potash (SoP), and muriate of potash (MoP), and four different lime content levels (<5, 10, 20 and 30%). The results showed that increasing levels of lime decreased growth parameters viz. shoot height, root length, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root weight, and dry root weight in sunflower seedlings. Similarly, shoot K content was also decreased by 30.44% at increased lime content level (30%) over control, a...
Abdel Razek,B.Omar*and Magda M.Sayed**
...were done using ammonium sulphate followed by conjugation with fluorescein isothiocyanate at pH 9.6. The anti-LSDV IgG conjugated fluorescein sterile and was used to detect LSDV in the MDBK cells and gave good results to dilution 1/20 while the reference conjugate to 1/30....
N. A. Sherif, Lamiaa M. Omar, S. M. Shafei and Elham A. El-Ebiary.
...y 33% saturated ammonium sulphate solution. The anti-rabbit immunoglobulin-Y (IgY) was purified by using affinity chromatography. The obtained globulins were divided into 2 parts. The 1st one was conjugated with peroxidase and the 2nd part was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Both conjugates gave a strong positive result when diluted 1:2500 and 1:50. respectively. The results indicated that they could be used successfully for detection of antigens a...
Shahid Iqbal Khattak1, Mohammad Safdar Baloch*1, Khalid Naveed2, Muhammad Amjad
Nadim1, Asghar Ali Khan1 and Kaleem Ullah3
...application of potassium sulphate @ 60 kg ha-1
along with recommended dose of nitrogen (120 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (90 kg ha-1) is the
most suitable for successful wheat production under rainfed conditions.
...
Asif Tanveer,MUHAMMAD ZAFAR,Mahmooda Buriro,RANA NADEEM ABBAS,Hafiz Haider Ali
K.M. Siddiqui
...the most suitable kraft (sulphate) pulping conditions for producing bleachable pulp with
Kappa number of about 25 from 15 chir pine trees of
three age groups. In laboratory tests trees of 36 - 45
years age gave maximum pulp yield. However, hand sheets
prepared from the pulp of 26 - 35 years-old trees had
higher breaking length and burst strength and lower tear
strength than those of 36 - 45 years and higher age
groups. The bleach response of pulps made ...
Abdul Aziz Khan and M. N. Malik
...Applications of ammonium sulphate and superphosphate are suggested to improve soil reactions and availability of common plant nutrients.
Mulberry (Morus spp). and Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) plants are well acclimatized to the climatic and edaphic conditions generally prevailing in the plains of West Pakistan, where they normally exhibit vigorous growth and, comparatively, do not require much care after germination....
Mulberry (Morus spp). and Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) plants are well acclimatized to the climatic and edaphic conditions generally prevailing in the plains of West Pakistan, where they normally exhibit vigorous growth and, comparatively, do not require much care after germination....
Javaria Sherani1*, Tehseen Ali Jilani2, Jalil Ahmad3, Rashid Jawad1, Shabana Nazeer4 and Muhammad Jan5
...00 g P2O5 plant-1), zinc sulphate spray (0.3%); T3: (500 g NPK+ 300 g P2O5 plant-1), zinc sulphate spray (0.5%); T4: (500 g NP + 300 g P2O5 plant-1), zinc sulphate spray (0.7%). Each cultivar shows a different response to the different amendments due to its genetic makeup. The morphological attributes showed good performance with the application of treatment T3 as compared to other treatme...
Muhammad Muneeb1, Ali Hussain2*, Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad3, Arshad Javid1 and Jibran Hussain3
...fect of cellulolytic and sulphate-reducing bacterial species in the form of a co-culture to treat an in-vitro prepared sulphate-rich wastewater while employing various agro-industrial organic waste as economical growth substrates. A combination of sulphate-reducing and cellulolytic bacteria in a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) was proved to be efficient for the reduction of sul...
Aysha Fatima1, Safdar Ali1, Saira Azmat2, Luqman Amrao1, Muhammad Usman Ghani3*, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan4*, Adeel Ahmad5 and Humaira Kalsoom6
...s were treated with zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), copper sulphate (CuSO4), manganese sulphate (MnSO4) and boric acid were used in different combinations i.e., T1 (ZnSO4+CuSO4), T2 (MnSO4+CuSO4), T3 (boric acid+CuSO4) and T4 (ZnSO4+MnSO4+CuSO4+BA). The combination of ZnSO4+MnSO4+CuSO4+BA showed minimum disease severity (5.85%) and disease incidence (23.15%) as compared to control (28.59%). The out...
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
... carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation method and further purification was done by column chromatography and gel filteration method. It has been concluded that locally isolated strain A. niger was one of the potential and promising fungal isolate, screened for laccase enzyme activity, from soil sample collected from agricultural area near Harbans Pura, Lahore.
Novelty Statement | A nove...
Quratulain Amjad1,2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2*
...e facilitated by heparan sulphate that is abundantly expressed on cell surface and extracellular matrix. Slit2 reduces tumor proliferation in lung cancer and glioblastoma cells whereas TGF-β is a well-described tumor inducer. The present study was aimed at deciphering the role of heparan sulphate in Slit2 mediated inhibition of cancer metastasis. Cancer proliferation was induced by TGF-β in lung cancer cells (H1650...
Mohammad Wasiullah Khan* and Abdur Rab
...vest application of zinc sulphate enhanced growth and promotes post-harvest quality of fruits during storage. Plum fruit exhibits climacteric behavior and its quality characteristics depending on the harvest stage. The present research study entitles “Influence of zinc on pre and postharvest quality of plum” was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm and postharvest laboratory Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar. Plu...
Hina Yasin1,2*, Shaukat Mahmud2, Hina Abrar1, Kaneez Fatima3, Rabia Bushra1 and Saima Zahid2
...tandard drug vincristine sulphate. All extracts exhibited marked cytotoxic activity as well against the Artemia salina (brine shrimp eggs). Based on the findings, it is concluded that the leaves extracts of the C. bonplandianus have potent analgesic and cytotoxic effects but in higher doses only. However; phytochemical screening and isolation of active constituents will need to be explored further to endorse the utilization of the Croton plant clinically for v...
Mahmoud Saber1, Sabry A. Mousa2, Hisham A. Abdelrahman3, Eman Rashad4, Ramadan Sary5, Meray N. Ramsis5*
...succinate, Sodium lauryl sulphate
...
Mat Zin Ain-Auzureen1, Maizan Mohamed1, Tan Li Peng1, Mohd Faizal Ghazali2, Choong Siew Shean1, Kamaruddin Mardhiah3, Najiah Musa4, Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5, Chai Min Hian2 and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1*
...s were inoculated on thiosulphate-citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagarTM Vibrio. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates and detect the twelve virulence genes associated with V. alginolyticus. Antibiotic resistance tests were conducted using 17 antibiotics. The difference in index scores between locations was tested using one-way ANOVA, while the index scores between (multidrug resistance index) MARi a...
