Kathryne E. Taylor1 and Karen L. Mossman1,2*
Paulo Eduardo Brandao
...patients, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) for Post-transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) has witnessed an increasing interest from those concerned with a cure for rabies, inspired on the success obtained for other viral diseases. This review is intended to present the current situation of RNAi against rabies, as well as insights into the future on the field....
Huaichang Sun
...nventional vaccines. RNA interference (RNAi) has becoming a feasible strategy against various virus infections. Recently, a significant advance in RNAi technology is the use of artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) to fight virus infections. However, different strategies are needed to prevent virus variation or mutation escape. This review is intended to present the current situation of antiviral roles of amiRNAs, against variable RNA viruses in particular....
Amitha Reena Gomes1, Belamaranahally Muniveerappa Veeregowda2, Sonnahallipura Munivenkatappa Byregowda1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan3*
...l vectored vaccines, RNA interference as a therapy, suicidal DNAs, synthetic epitopes and peptides, reverse genetics, anti idiotypic antibody based vaccines and helper cell dependent diagnostics represent the present vaccine/diagnostic development strategies for the effective control and eradication of PPR. This review comprehend the current scenario of recombinant technology based vaccines and diagnostics, virus like particles (VLPs), reverse genetics approac...
Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2
...ens the structure by the interference of the casein-casein interaction and cellulose particles that function similar to fat globules. The present study was aimed to assess the impact of hydrocolloid gums on functional, textural and sensory attributes of low fat Cheddar cheese. Buffalo milk was standardized at 2% and 4% fat levels to manufacture Cheddar cheese. Cheese samples were manufactured by adding xanthan gum and guar gums individually @ 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5%...
Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*
...era: Formicidae) through interference competition. However, relatively less testing have been done to evaluate the competition for mutual exploitation between the two ant species in the field. Here, we investigated the interference of the fire ant S. invicta on the interactions between the ghost ant T. melanocephalum and the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the field. The results showed...
Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
...luate the effect of weed interference and non-interference in different densities of alfalfa on yield, nutritional value and some morphological traits of alfalfa, forage crop, as factorial and based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cuttings during 2013-14 crop years. The experimental treatments were weed interference and non-inte...
Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2
...ruses. To understand the interference of maternal derived immunity impact of maternal derived immunity interference in vaccination regimen in poultry, a total of one hundred day old commercial broiler chicks were vaccinated with LaSota. A group of chicks (n=40) were immunized using baculovirus (H5 and ND) inactivated vaccine via subcutaneous route. Birds (n=20) were then either challenged with 106 EID50 using Egyptian avian ...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...e, including vegetation, interference, nest position and food factors, which best reflected the habitat site selection of the crested ibis. The crested ibis were more likely to choose higher tree nests that were closer to residential areas and in a lower slope position in the breeding season; 2) thirty-three eggs were laid in 12 nests, the average clutch size being 2.75±0.75 (range 2-4); 3) twenty-five eggs were hatched, with the average hatching succes...
Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1
...in poultry, however, the interference of physico-chemical properties of the emulsions are overlooked when compared to antigenic properties. This study was designed to assess the effect of two different commercial inactivated water-in-oil multivalent vaccines; vaccine A contains IBV (Massachusetts M41 and D274 strains), NDV (Clone 30), aMPV (BUT 8544) and IBDV (classic strain) whereas vaccine B contains IBV (Massachusetts M41 and a Brazil type strain), NDV (LaS...
Jie Wu1, Jiagui Zhu2, Ke Wang2, Dejing Cai2, Yingying Liu1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...e, including vegetation, interference, nest position and food factors, which best reflected the habitat site selection of the crested ibis. The crested ibis were more likely to choose higher tree nests that were closer to residential areas and in a lower slope position in the breeding season; 2) thirty-three eggs were laid in 12 nests, the average clutch size being 2.75±0.75 (range 2-4); 3) twenty-five eggs were hatched, with the average hatching succes...
Saiqa Andleeb* , Shaukat Ali
RNA interference; A tool for treatment of human diseases
...ext-align: justify;">RNA interference is a powerful and rapid technique to knockout the gene expression by introducing either short interfering RNA or double stranded RNA fragments into targeted host. These RNA fragments degraded specific homologous mRNA. RNAi technology used as an essential tool in several model organisms such as invertebrates, mouse and fly to explore the role of individual gene. In recent era, RNAi is directly used in therapy of various inf...
Ping Jiang1 , Zhihui Zhao1, 2, Xiaohui Li2, Mengyan Wang2, Lixin Xia2, Yang Cao3, Runjun Yang2 and Xibi Fang2*
...ransfection mediated-RNA interference technology to specifically knockdown expression levels of the endogenous gene ABCA1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) to analyse the effect on intracellular triglyceride (TG) content by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, cell TG Assay and RT2 Profiler PCR array. The results showed that ABCA1 knockdown reduced the TG content in BMECs. On the other hand, the RT...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
...fide bond. Moreover, the interference of Pb in the activity of SOD was also reported during present investigation. Therefore, this study provides an insight in rational use of antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers of oxidative stress in the bio-monitoring of aquatic pollution.
...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu*
...competitive reproductive interference.
... 
Numan Ahmad, Shahid Bashirand Shahid Rauf
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...g capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A very compact UWB-MIMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 has been proposed which is smaller th...
Numan Ahmad1, Shahid Bashir1*, Shahid Rauf1
DESIGN OF MINITURISED MIMO ANTENNA WITH W-LAN BAND NOTCHED FOR ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) APPLICATIONS
...v>capability to mitigate interference with the WLAN (5.15GHZ-5.85GHZ) operating band. A ‘spider’ shape structure is
etched on the ground as a decoupling structure to obtain impedance matching as well as desired isolation. W-LAN
notched band in the entire Ultra Wide band is obtained by etching a couple of straight line on the ground plane. A
very compact UWB-MIMO antenna with overall dimension of 20×20 mm2 h...
Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**
CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...communication systems in interference limited environment. The performance is analyzed by calculating the ergodic capacity and hence the spectral efficiency for Rayleigh fading SIMO channel in the presence of unequal power Rayleigh fading co-channel interferes. Expressions for evaluating system’s capacity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) are presented. The analytical results are verified by developing Monte Carlo simulations. Final...
Zengwen Huang1,2, WuReliHazi Hazihan2*, Baheti Bodai2, Kadyken Rizabek3, Nuralieva Ulzhan3, Omarova Karlygash4, Juan Zhang1 and Yaling Gu1*
...cellular level.Three RNA interference fragments at different sites were designed based on obtained cDNA of the target gene and the siRNA expression vector pGenesil 10-3p-siRNA was constructed. The siRNA expression vector was digested, identified and sequenced, and then transfected into YM sheep granulosa cells. The sequence of YM sheep INHα gene was obtained and uploaded on the NCBI database (accession number KP-113678.1). The INHα gene from YM she...
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3
Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... of transport, political interference in transfers, large jurisdiction area, non-participation in policy decisions, unsatisfactory pay structure, unavailability of medical facilities, low opportunity of proper in-service trainings, poor linkages of agricultural extension with research wing and low social status. The Department of Agricultural Extension, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, is advised to adopt appropriate measures to address these constraints of EFS in order to...
Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14
...have led to a consistent interference and contamination of biomes and ecobiomes. These resultantly give platforms for positive selection of resistant pathogens and high levels of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs). We examined Nigerian Chimpanzees in Boki Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, Cross-River State, Nigeria, to detect ARGs. Faecal samples from 15 Chimpanzees in pristine enclosures of Non-Human Primates in the Wildlife Sanctuary were analyzed. All faecal...
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Sana Majeed1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Luqman2, Asad Abdullah1 and Muhammad Afzal3
...rophorus extract’s interference with the regulation of feeding and metabolism of S. litura. Further, the results promote P. hysterophorus extract in combination with emamectin benzoate for integrated management of S. litura....
Anwar Khan1, Fareeha Nosheen2,4, Bushra Tabassum2*, Olawale Samuel Adeyinka2, Khurram Shehzad3, Naila Shahid2, Arif Muhammad Khan4 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir2
...on and pathogenesis. RNA interference or post transcriptional gene silencing is a regulatory conserved mechanism that uses small interfering RNAs to control the expression of desired gene by inhibiting mRNA transcription. The present study aims to investigate the potential role of different siRNAs in down-regulating the mRNA expression of potato virus X in cell culture assays. Three specific siRNAs against CP-PVX gene were designed in which siRNA 3 significant...
Abdul Wadood Khan1, Sabahat Subhan1*, Asif Ali Abro2 and Riaz Shahid3
... change patterns, public interference, and macroeconomics strategies. The study recommends a dire need to increase capital stock, skilled labour, and cultivated land to boost and enhance agriculture growth as these are the key factors for the agricultural TFP and economic growth of country’s.
... 
Mohamed Mohamady Ghanem1*, Yassine Mahmoud Abdelraoof1, Abdelghany Hefnawy Abdelghany2, Eman Abdelhamid El-Ebissy3, Ahmed Ragab Askar4,5, Attia Ahmed Eissa6
... to evaluate therapeutic interference by Rumitone (herbal product). To achieve these objectives, three healthy she camel at Ras Sudr Research Station, belonging to Desert Researcher Center, aged from 8-10 years old and weighting 350- 400 kg were used. Lactic acidosis was induced with oral sucrose (14 gm/ kg BW) for 24hs after which camels were treated with oral Rumitone daily for a week. Clinical examination revealed significant increase (P < 0.05) in body ...
Feng Xu, Weijing Fan and Guobin Liu*
Iqtidar Hussain1, Haroon Shahzad2*, Sami Ullah2*, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1 and Muhammad Rizwan3
...astrum L.) increases its interference in maize crop both before and after weed management....
He-Cai Zhang, Tian-Ge Hu, Chang-Ying Shi, Guang-Wen Chen* and De-Zeng Liu
...s such as reducing human interference should be taken. We hope these findings will arouse conservation and management strategy regarding freshwater planarians and contribute to the biodiversity in the long run....
Dajun Su1, Tao Deng2* and Mingshui Xie2
...1 group; after LOXL1-AS1 interference, SKOV3 cell proliferation and colony formation were significantly decreased. miR-761 expression was up-regulated and apoptosis rate was increased. The biological behavior of the LOXL1-AS1+ miR-inhibitor NC group was similar to that of the LOXL1-AS1siRNA group, and miR-inhibitor treatment could reduce the above effects of LOXL1-AS1 on cells. LncRNALOXL1-AS1 can regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell...
Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3
... of abortion, diagnostic interference, and human pathogenic potential. In this study, we have developed a Brucella abortus pUC19-K-UP-DN plasmid cassette for the construction of ΔpurD deleted mutant by deleting the purD gene which is responsible for de novo purine synthesis. For this, the pUC19-K-UP-DN plasmid cassette was initially constructed using pUC19, kanamycin, and purD upstream and downstream fragments. Then the cassette was electroporated into e...
Samia Afzal1*, Jahanzaib Ahmad1, Iram Amin1, Liaqat Ali2, Muhammad Shahid1, Mohsin Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1
...his study is to find the interference of HDV in HBV replication, both in HBV chronic active and inactive state patients from four different a Pakistani provinces. Blood samples along with patient history and demographic data were collected from 100 (n=100) patients, all of these were positive for HBsAg (further characterized as acute or chronic hepatitis B). Viral titer was quantified from the HBsAg positive samples by real time-PCR, HBeAg by ELISA, and HDV RN...
Sahar A. Youssef I and A. A. Shalaby
...tificial mixture with no interference. This method saves time and reagent costs compared with rnonospecific RT-PCR needs several reactions for the sarne number of tests. Using this method, jnany samples can be simultaneously analyzed and it can be used routinely för sanitary and cettification prograrnmes.
... 
Saad Parvaiz1, Khuram Mubeen1*, Mudassir Aziz1 and Tanveer-ul-Haq2
...0 DAE and 40 DAE. As the interference duration
increased over 45 days after emergence, significant reduction in yield and growth of maize
was observed. It can be concluded that farmers should control horse purslane within first 45
days in maize field.
...
Rehan Habib1, Khuram Mubeen1, Ammar Matloob1 and Muhammad Baqir Hussain2
... experiment to check the interference of horse
purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) on growth and yield of soybean was conducted at
research area of MNSUniversity of Agriculture Multan in summer, 2018 The experiment was
carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications and
comprising of ten treatments i.e. Weed free (whole season), horse purslane free till 20 Days
aft...
Mohammad Ali Baghestani, Eskandar Zand , Saeid Soufizadeh
Mohammad Ali Baghestani, Eskandar Zand , Saeid Soufizadeh
Khan Bahadar Marwat,M.NAVEED KHAN,GUL HASSAN,M.ZUBAIR
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...ting, poaching and human interference are the main causes for the decline in population. However declaration of some areas of the Kaghan valley as protected area (National park and wildlife sanctuary) has considerably contributed in the increase of pheasant population. The major earthquake in 2005 in the area had considerably decreased the population of pheasants as well as it has damaged the habitat of pheasants.
It is recommended that there should ...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Muhammad Saqib
...ting, poaching and human interference are the main causes for the decline in population. However after declaring some areas of the Kaghan valley as National park and wildlife sanctuary has considerably contributed in the increase of pheasant population. The major earthquake in 2005 in the area had considerably decreased the population of pheasants as well as it has damaged the habitat of pheasants.
It is recommended that there should be control on de...
Mirza Hakim Khan
...rotection against biotic interference. On the basis of
this investigation, Takatu hill is recommended as a new
national park for the province....
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
...he animal against biotic interference....
Muhammad Ambar Islahuddin1, Yuli Retnani2*, Despal2
... by a decline due to fat interference with rumen microbes. In conclusion, viscous molasses combined with pollard binder provided optimal physical qualities and did not compromise rumen fermentability and digestibility when supplemented in rations.
Keywords | Binder, Biohydrogenation, Dairy cattle, In vitro, Precision, Wafer supplements
... 
