James Ayukepi Ayukekbong1,2
E-mail | [email protected]
...alence of dengue-malaria co-infection is high. Differential diagnosis of fever is therefore necessary to initiate the appropriate clinical care. Despite the endemicity of dengue in Nigeria, the disease is not a reportable disease and routine diagnosis is neglected. Here I undertake an exhaustive assembly of known records of dengue prevalence in Nigeria and provide a focus for public health intervention....
Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2
E-mail | [email protected]
...;respiratory viruses and co-infection can exacerbate the clinical signs. CIRD is highly contagious and can spread rapidly, especially among dogs in close quarters. Fast and accurate diagnostics enables the selection of proper management. Our objective was to develop a sensitive and specific real-time PCR for detection of B. bronchiseptica in samples from dogs with respiratory signs. A genome comparison program was used to select a ...
Adedeji A.J, Sati N.M, Pewan S.B, Ogbu K.I, Adole J.A, Lazarus D.D, Ijiwo S.J, Okpanachi A, Nwagbo I.O, Joannis, T.M and Abdu P.A
...bursal disease (IBD) and co-infection of CIA and IBD. Infectious bursal disease was tentatively diagnosed in 5,000, 5 weeks old Hy-Line and ISA Brown pullets in a commercial poultry farm in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria with mortality of up to 79.12%. The clinical signs observed were prostration, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anorexia, trembling and mortality that lasted for 6 days. Postmortem findings include ecchymotic hemorrhages in the breast and thigh muscles...
Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan
...nd magnify the effect of co-infections....
Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi
... ascertain the impact of co-infection on public health....
Usman Waheed1,*, Humayoon Shafique Satti2, Muhammad Arshad3, Ahmed Farooq3, Abdul Rauf4 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer1,5
... to five times, and this co-infection is common among HRGs. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and syphilis among selected HRGs. During a period from September 2015 to February 2016, community-based sampling was done from 134 Hijra sex workers (HSW), 101 female sex workers (FSW), 104 jail prisoners and 48 intravenous drug users (IDUs) through community outreach, peer referring and field sampling. Blood samples were tested...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4
...especially during during co-infections of respiratory pathogens. However, impact of co-infections is not well known, especially in broilers. The current study was aimed to assess the probable synergism of E. coli (O78) and velogenic Newcastle disease virus in the broiler model. Three-week-old commercial broilers were inoculated with either vNDV, E. coli serotype O78 or both agents simultaneously or 3 days apart...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosad, Fatema Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali Abdel Maged, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...uction especially with a co-infection with other circulating pathogens. In this study, 1026 confirmed positive H9N2 cases by RT-PCR out of 23182 different examined samples of different species and sectors in Egypt, with a prevalence rate 4.4% by the year 2015/2016. However, the LPAI H9N2 showed a wide range distribution with high geo-prevalence rate in 2015/2016 (96.3%) as positive cases were recorded in 26 governorates., the positive samples were distributed ...
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...uction especially with a co-infection with other circulating pathogens. In this study, a total of 23182 cloacal and tracheal samples were collected from suspected cases between 2015 and 2016 and submitted to the Reference laboratory of veterinary quality control on poultry production (RLQP) from different poultry sectors and bird species which are distributing all over the Egyptian governorates for examination of LPAI (H9N2) virus by real time RT-PCR. The r...
Zil-e-Huma1, 2, Abdul Malik Tareen3, Kaleem Ullah3, Tauseef M Asmat4,Abdul Samad4, Asim Iqbal2, Mohammad Zahid Mustafa3*,Irshad Ahmad5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman6
...entified in 11% cases of co-infection. Results showed that children with less than two years of age were affected significantly. However, gender had no significant effect on acquiring diarrhea. In conclusion, pathogen spectrum of pathogenic E. coli is EAEC strain. Children under one year of age were affected significantly, and no significant effect was observed when data was stratified on gender base. Further studies are required to investigate the othe...
Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1*
... Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection have been associated with reduced survival, increased risk of liver disease and hepatotoxicity despite undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study aims to determine the prevalence of serological markers of HBV based on serological markers among infected individuals with HIV. Ninety-three sera samples of HIV positive individuals were collected by Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital- ...
Muhammad Saeed Imran1, Asim Aslam1*, Muhammad Yasin2, Tahir Yaqoob2 and Beenish Zahid3
...h virus alone as well as co-infections with NDV and IBV in commercial poultry. For assessment of vaccine efficacy, commercial chickens were vaccinated with La Sota (against NDV) and Massachusetts (against IBV) vaccine preparations. After screening the protective titers in birds at 19 days post inoculation three week-old broilers were challenged with 10-5.76 and 10-6.03 EID50 dose of NDV and IBV, respectively. The hosts were div...
Serag eldeen Sultana, M.W Abdel azeemb, Nahla Mohamed Eldamranyc
...) samples indicated that co-infection may occur, while (10) samples were only containing H9 antibodies and (1) sample was H5 positive by HI test. The AIV positive samples were detected in (9) species belongs to (5) orders and (7) families. The Anseriformes and Charadriiformes orders had the most frequently sero-positive species to AIV. In conclusion, the presence of H5 and H9 subtypes provided a public health risk and evoke the role of migratory birds in intro...
Aly M. Abdel-Salam
...servation indicated that co-infection of cucurbits with these viruses was very common and may lead to severe problems in virus diagnosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically, serologically, and molecularly one Crinivirus viz. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and one Ipomovirus viz. Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) from infected cucurbits. Further, the study is concerned with illustrating the adverse effect o...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2 and Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3
... PCR. A high HCV and HIV co-infection was revealed in Lahore (80.77%) followed by Faisalabad (81.93%), Sargodha (76%) and in Nankana (62%). A strikingly high level of co-infection was observed compared to single infection. These results suggest a high rise in HCV and HIV co-infection among the HIV positive IDUs. Estimate of the CD4 cell count showed a strong correlation of high HCV and HIV...
Abdelrahman A. Abdelrahman1, Salama A. S. Shany1, Kareem E. Hassan1, Mansy A. A. Dardeer2, Ali A.1*, Magdy F. El-Kady1*
...sma spp. are high. Thus, co-infection with one or both viruses and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) or Mycoplasma synovaie (MS) is thought to play an important role in the clinical severity of respiratory infections. In this study, we conducted a passive surveillance study for MG and MS among cases of viral respiratory affections in broilers. Samples were collected from 68 broiler chicken flocks with variable mortality rates in four Egyptian governorates (Fayoum,...
Iram Amin1,2*, Shazia Rafique1, Nadeem Ahmed1, Muhammad Shahid1, Samia Afzal1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah1, Mohsin Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1,3
...V is a global burden and co-infection of HBV/HDV causes additional risks and mortality rate. Currently, there is no vaccine available for HDV, therefore, treatment of patients with dual infection is indeed a challenge for clinicians. A timely and accurate diagnosis is critical for treatment in this regard. Expression and purification of HDAg, which is the only protein of HDV of the local isolate is the primary objective of the study. This antigenic recombinant...
Mansha Tahir1, Abdul Rauf2,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi2,3*, Nuzhat Shafi2, Muhammad Hasnain Ali Gillani3, Sundus Khawaja4, Syeda Maria Fiaz Bukhari4, Tehniat Summer4 and Muhammad Majid Bashir2
... confirmed after PCR for co-infection of HBV and HCV. Out of 168 total individuals, 65(38.7%) individuals were found with an abnormal range of LFTs. Visit to local clinic, major or minor surgery and tattooing or piercing of nose, ears etc., were assessed significant risk factors in the spread of hepatitis B and C. Awareness of the general population was carried out through organizing awareness lectures and distribution of awareness material....
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Shimaa A.S. Hasan1, Nashwa Harb1, Amal H.A. Gomaa2 and Maha Anani3
...fection was found. HSV-2 co-infection was detected in all the HSV-1 positive cases (n= 70, 74.5%). Moreover, there was no correlation between pregnancy duration and HSV-1 and 2 seroprevalences. In addition, the real-time PCR confirmed the positivity of the HSV-2 IgM subjects (n=6), while ruling out the equivocal sample as HSV-2 IgM negative. Pregnancy screening for herpes simplex viruses is recommended to control the high viral seropositivity found among pregn...
Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2
...y COVID-19 patients have co-infection or secondary infection, which exacerbate the disease. In general, it is believed that viral infections predispose patients to superinfections that have much worse consequences than the infection alone. Notably, the latest reports of high mucormycosis mortality and disease severity in India raise global concerns. Several studies have been reported that describe different levels of superinfections and disease severity in COV...
Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Monday Eneojo Akor1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Zainab Penninah Ochada1, Ugbane Eleojo Okolo2, Benjamin Mudi Idache3, Andrew Isiramen4, Julius Akor Omatola5 and Moses Adaji David6
...primary education had no co-infection. Between the sociodemographic factors that were assessed and the HIV patients who had TB infection, there was no statistically significant correlation (P>0.05). The rate of HIV/TB co-infection, though low in this study, could worsen the clinical outcomes in affected patients. Therefore, there should be increased public health awareness of TB and HIV transmission and prevention in the ...
Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A2
...uenza virus H5 and H5/H9 co-infection and circulation in chickens characterized by poor zoonotic awareness of the disease within Abuja Municipal Area Council. Hence, there is a need to conduct further molecular studies to establish the circulating viral field strains for comparism with empirical vaccine strains and create more public enlightenments and awareness campaign about the disease burden and possible zoonotic impact....
Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li
.... We discovered that the co-infection rate of BRV and BCV was 41.3% (62/150), of BVDV and BRV 8.0% (12/150), of BVDV and BCV 6.0% (9/150), and of BVDV, BRV, and BCV 10.0% (15/150). In our clinical samples, mixed infection of BRV and BCV was the main pathogen causing calf diarrhea. The developed multiplex PCR assay is a fast, sensitive, and specific, novel detection method for disease diagnosis, clinical monitoring, and treatment of BVDV, BRV, and BCV infection...
Ahmad Shandookh Hameed1, Ali Abd Kadhum2 and Murtada Wafi Beden1*
...cs in treating bacterial co-infections, especially in intensive care units, is the main reasons of Multi drugs resistance (MDR) bacterial infections. These infections can worsen the clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 patients, resulting in prolonged hospital stays, the need for mechanical ventilation, and higher mortality rates. Additionally, weakened immune systems due to viral infections can also make individuals more susceptible to MDR bacterial infections.
Dalia M.A. Elmasry1*, Dalia M. El-Husseini1, Asmaa A. Eissa1, Zakaria R. Elkanawati2, Momtaz A. Shahein3, Amany Adel4
...rocesses responsible for co-infections.
Keywords: Egypt, SBV, IAPV, ABPV, LSV, BQCV, KBV, DWV, CBPV
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King Hei Ip
...s interactions and viral co-infection, and biases in bat-virus relationship studies hinders the understanding towards bat antiviral innate immunity. By completing the genetic annotation of bats, developing wild-like environments when studying the bat immune system, improving data collection methods and conducting further studies on bat immunity and viral co-infection would further the understanding on infection dynamics and ...
Ahmed E. Orbano1, Mohsen El Dimerdash1, Mohamed Abaza2, Ali Zanaty3, Mohamed Rady3, Mohamed H. Nemr3, Wael K. Elfeil1*
...igate the prevalence and co-infection dynamics of some viral etiological agents of respiratory problems in chicken flocks in Egypt from 2020 to 2021. Samples were collected from 69 broiler flocks across four governorates (Giza, Fayoum, Menya, and Menoufia) and investigated using RT-PCR to detect viral pathogens. Results showed that most flocks had been co-infected with more than one viral agent and there were 24 positives (35%) for IBV, 39 positives (57%) for ...
