Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir
...g systems in the erosion-vulnerable sub-humid area. Treatments included tillage levels i.e. ST (shallow tillage), STR (shallow tillage with residues), DT (deep tillage) and DTR (deep tillage with residues). Sub plots had three fertilizer’s levels viz. F1 (control), F2 (inorganic fertilizers) and F3 (farm yard manure; FYM+ inorganic fertilizers). Deep tillage increased wheat yield by 60%, 37% and 29% over ST, STR an...
Carolina A. Bonin1,2, Eric A. Lewallen2,3, Andre J. van Wijnen3, Marta Jussara Cremer4 and Paulo C. Simões-Lopes5*
...t plans for ecologically vulnerable S. guianensis populations in other parts of their distribution.
... 
Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal*, Mehedi Hasan Kanon, Mohammad Amzad Hossain, Abul Hossain, Shamima Nasren, Md. Jahidul Islam, Md. Arifur Rahman
...ng the 37 species 5 were vulnerable, 7 endangered, 1 critically endangered, 3 exotic, 20 not threatened and 1 not evaluated according to IUCN, Bangladesh, 2000. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index was found highest (3.12) in June and lowest (2.9) in January. Margalef richness index was found highest (3.02) in July and lowest (2.70) in December. On the other hand, Pielou’s evenness index was lowest (0.82) in three successive months i.e., in October, Novemb...
Lin Wang1,2, Ye Gong3, Kelin Chen1, Haitao Wang3 and Xianguo Lyu1,*
...elictus is listed as vulnerable species by IUCN. For improving the research on conservation of this species, we tested the cross-species amplification of 90 microsatellite loci developed for eight other species. Eleven out of them were successfully amplified and polymorphic with 2-10 alleles. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.481 to 0.827 and the polymorphic information content ranged from 0.373 to 0.775. Significant linkage disequilibrium was fo...
Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar*
LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...y poor, 37.5% transitory vulnerable, 32.5% transitory non- poor and 22.5% was non-poor. Most of the sampled households fall along the transition line which implies their vulnerability to be trapped in poverty due to any shock. Beside other assets, even small scale irrigation was significant and an effective tool to improve income. Therefore along with improvement in irrigation practice through using high efficiency irrigation systems, other water harvesting te...
Farid Asif Shaheen*, Sadia Parveen*, Ahmed Zia**, Ghulam Qadir*,
Mureed Husain*** and Rifat Ullah Khan****
PREDATORY APTNESS OF ANTS AGAINST RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM HERBST (TENEBRIONIDAE: COLEOPTERA) IN WHEAT FLOUR
...al stage was the highest vulnerable stage to the ant predation and was extremely predated by D. labiatus collected from forest habitats. The lowest predation was observed at larval stage by forest population of M. minimum (1.66%) that was significantly different from all the susceptible stages of RFB. These results indicate that ants could be used as biological control agents against RFB....
Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
...ihood resources that are vulnerable to climate change induced hazards. Results showed that primarily deforestation and pollution contributed more to the perceived causes of climate change which resulted frequent and sever floods or droughts and reduction in agricultural productivity and poor farm householders with low farm holdings are more exposed to such extreme weather events. FGDs and interviews also showed various indicators of causes, impacts and observa...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1
...rch was to delineate the vulnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 8627 km2 was covered by rice plantations. Thermal datasets covered the area of 8627 km2 comprising 10663 pixels which returned 10663 spatially distributed temperature values. Six, thermal datasets were obtained for the duration between (April 03-June 22) 2014, with a temporal window of 16 days to ...
Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma1
...g cotton production more vulnerable to abiotic and biotic menace. ...
Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1
...in Pakistan is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Adaptation of the agriculture sector is imperative as it contributes 20 percent to the GDP and supports directly or indirectly about 68 percent of the population for their sustenance. Farmers’ perception about climate change, current adaptation measures, and decision-making process is important for farmers’ successful adaptation strategies. Using data of 205 conventional farmers from three dist...
Fehmeeda Fatima, Asif Nadeem* and Maryam Javed
...egagrus blythi) is a vulnerable subspecies of wild goat (Capra aegagrus), which faced serious population threats. In the present study, HSP70.1 gene has been partially sequenced (1344 bp) to study genetic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of Sindh ibex. In this research, samples of Sindh ibex were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan, the gene of interest was amplified, PCR products were sequenced and data was analyzed. The...
Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah2
...t makes this sector more vulnerable to climate changes and climate induced risks including rising temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, floods, droughts and heavy rains etc. Farmers adopt available risk coping tools to minimize the impacts of such risks at farm level however, these adoptions require farmers to incur cost or forgo part of the potential benefits from agricultural production. These costs (explicit or implicit) are referred to as the cost of ...
Farhana Gul1*, Dawood Jan1 and Muhammad Ashfaq2
...ion potential, is highly vulnerable to climate change. Benefits of adaptation strategies and associated impact on net farm returns, per capita income and poverty rates of wheat producers using extensive farm survey data from 150 farmers from different climatic zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were measured in this study. TOA-MD model was used to measure the impact of climate change adaptation strategies. Adjustment in sowing time, improved fertilizer appl...
Tianlong Cai1, Falk Huettmann2, Kisup Lee3 and Yumin Guo1,*
...i>Grus monacha) is a vulnerable species. However, its stopover habitat receives little attention and is not well known or protected even. Here, we present the spatial distribution of the stopover habitats for hooded cranes in the East Asia. A machine learning modeling algorithm of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) weas applied and evaluated with Stochastic Gradient Boosting and Random Forests based on 115 every year used occurrence points (1990-2013) and 14 environ...
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...eat Sindh were the least vulnerable to climate change. In depth analysis of variables of sub-indices suggested that weather related hazards, coupled with extreme cold and hot months were much higher in Punjab. Drought impact was found higher in KPK and Balochistan followed by Sindh. Increasing share of small farmers and food insecure population also resulted in an increase in the sensitivity of farming community almost in all agro-climatic zones. Poor farm eco...
Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali
... made soil resource more vulnerable to rain and flood water. Programs at government and society level are required to control soil erosion. The objectives of this study are to seek the farm household willingness to pay (WTP) for forestation based soil conservation program on communal land in the Northern Area of Pakistan. Open-ended format of CVM is used for the elicitation of respondents’ WTP. For this purpose, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was us...
Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees
...hese two were the highly vulnerable areas from climate change. The major source of climate change information of the majority of farmers was electronic media and the overall regression analysis of the climate change perceptions reveal that climate change is happening and long-term mean temperatures have been increased with a significant decrease in the long-term mean rainfall over the past decades. The study recommends that farmers should be trained well to mo...
Chiping Kong1,2, Yongheng Wu1,2, Shangling Lou1, Benping Chen3, Simon D. Dowell4 and Yiqiang Fu1*
...e Emei Shan Liocichla, a vulnerable babbler that inhabits dense vegetation. We recorded territorial songs of male Emei Shan Liocichla from Laojunshan National Nature Reserve during the breeding season of 2016, in southern Sichuan, China. We used three methods to compare the acoustic difference among and within individuals. The results demonstrated that male Emei Shan Liocichlas had individually distinct songs and can be used to identify individuals. We also fo...
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
...n’s agriculture is vulnerable to the cataclysmic transformations in the climate system; causing productivity loss, soil degradation, water scarcity, resource depletion etc. Climate change awareness empowers the farming communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms . In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced theref...
Muhammad R. Khan1, Bushra A. Rakha1,* and Muhammad S. Ansari2
...nii is considered as vulnerable and is a valuable game fish species according to IUCN 2017 and needs urgent protection and proactive conservation efforts to save from becoming extinct in most of its range. The most abundant species of river swat was Schizothorax plagiostomus while the least abundant species was Schizothoraicthys macropthalmus. However, all of the species of genera Schizothorax and Schizothoraicthys facing drasti...
Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4
Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...t Tharparkar is the most vulnerable area in the country for food insecurity. Tharparkar has four tehsils such as Mithi, Diplo, Chachro and Nangerparkar. Out of four tehsils, one tehsil Mithi was selected purposively. A well- structured questionnaire and key informant interview guide were used for data collection. Collected data were analyzed by statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). According to the results of the survey, the majority of the responden...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4
The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
... sero-epidemiology among vulnerable pregnant women is lacking. We aimed to describe the seroprevalence of ZIKVI and associated factors in Jos, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was performed at Plateau State Specialist Hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria from August to December 2020. We enrolled a total of 90 (45 HIV positive and 45 HIV negative) pregnant women aged ≥18 and ≤50 years attending antenatal clinic. Ethical approval was obtain...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
... of the most fragile and vulnerable to erosion. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of soil infiltration capacity, soil texture and rainfall on soil erosion occurring under various land use land cover (LULC) in the study area. Soil erosion was monitored through erosion pipes over the period from 2016 to 2017 in three different vegetation density zones i.e. dense forest, moderate forest and agriculture land. Results showed that the...
Jia Shi
...is necessary as they are vulnerable to developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study was aimed to evaluate the response rate of treatment by Peginterferon alfa-2a. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a review of articles evaluating response rate to Peginterferon alfa-2a was done through the databases of Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed (inception - 2019). Fourteen studies reporting the response rate of HBeAg negative chronic patie...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
... were calculated through vulnerable erosion zones remote sensing datasets demarcated by GIS. Computed soil erodibility, rainfall erodibilty, topographic-length-slope, crop management and conservation factor reveal interesting results and are in accordance with the local estimations that agree with each other well. The output maps indicate that the approximated total possible soil loss annually of about 92.6 million tons is equivalent to the calculated sediment...
Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Badol Ashraf and Md. Mahmudul Alam*
... have made this region a vulnerable place for the prevalence of surgical affections in calves. This study has correlated between different variables and the prevalence of surgical affections in Mymensingh district. Variables like sex, breed and season have found to be influenced the abundance of surgical diseases in the study area. The outcome of this study will add to the existing knowledge on the effects of biological and environmental variables on the preva...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda1 and Abdul Salam2
...al level to be extremely vulnerable and food insecure in terms of their calorie intakes, balanced diet, and adequacy of micronutrients. The results call for coherent public policy interventions and programs to tackle food and nutrition insecurity and achieving zero hunger....
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...r and Gorikot are highly vulnerable to active tectonic deformation. This research concludes that the TSR and DD techniques are potential markers for the demarcation of active vulnerable zones that may threaten the life lines in the socio economic context. ...
Yasser F. Elnaker 1, Mohamed El-Tholoth 2, Sahar Saber 3, Amira A- Elsaid4, Mohamed A. Saad 3, Emad E. Younis 5
...nths and make the calves vulnerable for infection. So further study should be directed toward identifying the optimal age at which LSD vaccination should be started and also on the role of passively transferred cell mediated immunity in protection of calves against infection with LSDV....
Nusrat Habib
...ring the risks, the most vulnerable people were women and children. Women’s household activities burden doubled during the disaster days comparing with their male member’s counterparts. Women contribute significantly to adaptation and resilience to climatic extremes. The drivers of their resilience are hard work and diversity of livelihood resources. In changing climate conditions, it is imperative to devise gender-sensitive and region-wise policie...
Suherman Suherman1*, AndhiniPutri Trianita1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1 and Wea Aanisah Mentari Putri2
...and sugar content and is vulnerable to heat conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of freeze-drying time (t) and pressure (P) on mass balance and characteristics of dried mango slices produced through treatments based on time 13 h and 17 h and pressure 25 Pa, 30 Pa, and 35 Pa, with temperature constant -50 oC. Freeze-dried mango was calculated for mass balance and analyzed for water content, color, and hedonic test. The mass balance yie...
Dia Mamadou1,2*, Meissa Beyah1, Sow Amadou Harouna1, Ba Samba Alassane1, Bouzouma Moustapha1, Braham Cheikh Baye1 and Beibou Ely1
...r is considered a highly vulnerable species. Furthermore, its high market value is such has led to a rush to exploit it to such an extent that some coastal cephalopods fishing vessels are being transformed into lobster vessels and European chartered vessels are arriving in Mauritanian waters. Therefore, in order to make the exploitation of this species biologically, economically and socially sustainable, a monitoring of landings of this species were undertaken...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...age), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these interventions introduced by DHS is at least 5-10 times less as compared to immediate surroundings, as Rawalpindi and rural Islamabad do not prepare high risk mapping during the window period.
...
Abdul Sattar*, Hasan Orooj and Muhammad Iqbal Afridi
...age), as well as sectors vulnerable for dengue be earmarked for timely interventions in window period (winter). The results of high risk mapping followed by focused intervention are remarkable. The last 10 years data reflect the load of disease through these interventions introduced by DHS is at least 5-10 times less as compared to immediate surroundings, as Rawalpindi and rural Islamabad do not prepare high risk mapping during the window period.
...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Zhensheng Liu1*, Liwei Teng1* and Ejaz ur Rehman2
...hreatened, 2 species are vulnerable, one endangered and one species is critically endangered. Four species are protected under the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife and Biodiversity (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act, 2015. Threats being faced by the reported mammalian fauna from human activities are emphasized.
...
Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2*
...ein but unfortunately it vulnerable to lipid oxidation and many pathogens, which carry the risk for human health. The aim of this work is to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenolic and flavonoids contents in both water and ethanolic extracts of galangal and sumac extracts. Also, the effect of previous extracts on quality attributes of beef burger was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of both galangal and sumac were show...
Muhammad Luqman1*, Adeel Mustafa1, Sheer Abbas2, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehomood1 and Raheel Saqib3
...ional reforms to support vulnerable livestock farmers....
Xiangli Dong1,2, Shilin Mikhail Borisovich2, Jiji Li1,*, Jianyu He1, Zeqin Fu1, Yingying Ye1, Julia N. Lukina3, Olga V. Apalikova4 and Jianshe Zhang1
...farm raised fish that is vulnerable to many infections. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that MRC1 and MRC2 mRNAs were expressed in eight different large yellow croaker tissues, and that their expression was up-regulated by Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Here, we performed membrane protein analysis and epitope analysis to select MRC1 and MRC2 protein fragments suitable for antibody production. We then PCR amplified L.c-MRC1 and L.c-MRC2 a...
Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon
...go), which is alarmingly vulnerable to fruit flies due to its seasonality, is the next fruit variety. However, as mango season comes to a close, some populations of Bactrocera species rapidly decline since there is a lack of host food and they are attempting to oviposit.
...
Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3
...of the farmers were also vulnerable to transitory and chronic food insecurity status. The odds ratio estimates of the ordinal logistic regression model also indicated that gender of the farmers (p<0.05), years of formal education (p<0.1), dependency ratio (p<0.01), farm size (p<0.05), adoption of bio-security (p<0.1), land ownership (p<0.1), and access to bio-security information (p<0.1) have significant influence on the levels of farmers&...
Wenxiao Jia1*, Yilinuer Yilihamu1, Yunling Wang1, Shuang Ding1, Dilinuerkezi Aihemaiti1, Hanjiaerbieke Kukun1 and Yanhui Ning2
Adeel Kazam1, Safdar Sidra2, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,3, Ahmad Bilal1 and Aliza Batool1,3
...insectivores (20%). Four vulnerable species sarus crane (Grus antigone), southern grey shrike (Lanius excubitor), imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), and common pochard (Aythya ferina), four near-threatened species ferruginous pochard (Aythya nyroca), northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), and pallid harrier (Circus macrourus), and one endangered species steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis) were observed during the study. Th...
Ashfaq Hussain1, Javed Khan2, Ammara Blouch3, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Ashraf Khan4,5* and Zaheer Sikandar6
...tage, making it the most vulnerable stage in the beetle’s life cycle, followed by 1st instar larval stage, which also showed higher mortality. The maximum survival fraction was observed for pre-pual and fourth instar larvae, while the minimum was found for the egg stage. Mortality survival ratio (MSR) was found to be maximum at the egg stage and minimum at the 4th instar and pre-pupal stages, while the Indispensable mortality (I.M.) was found to be maxim...
Asma Sadia Authoy2, Aneek Chanda2, Aparna Datta3, Md Shohel Al Faruk4, Towhida Kamal1*
... to 1 year were the most vulnerable (statistically significant p = 0.002). Dogs with ash-colored coats (77.27%) and white-coated dogs (84.62%) showed higher susceptibility than black-coated (47.62%) and brown-coated (58.82%) dogs. Vaccination showed statistical significance for both dogs and cats, whereas deworming was significant only for cats. The study highlights the need for further investigation through structured surveillance to understand variations and...
Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Naveed2,3*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Irfan Rasool2 and Muhammad Afzal Zahid2
...erent conditions becomes vulnerable to various kinds of issues involving both biotic and abiotic plant stresses, alone or in combinations. This demands their substitution with new and improved genotypes possessing higher productivity and inherent resistance/tolerance against yield-limiting stresses. In this context, this editorial reports the development of a new chickpea kabuli variety “Noor-2019”. This cultivar has improved yield potential, dieta...
LAILA SHAHZAD*1, ARIFA TAHIR2 & FAIZA SHARIF3
...isk to the livelihood of vulnerable rural mountainous community due to prevailing poverty and more dependence on the natural resources of the surrounding areas. Aim of the study was to assess the local people’s perception of changing climate and to link it with meteorological data in the mid hills of Tehsil Balakot, KPK Pakistan. Using mix method approach of interviews and questionnaire, data was collected from 200 randomly selected households. Temperatu...
LAILA SHAHZAD*1, MUHAMMAD UMER HAYYAT1, NIDA SAJID1, FAIZA SHARIF1, ASMA MANSOOR1, MANAL SHAH1 & NABEEHA LODHI1
... population in Garlat is vulnerable to natural disasters....
