Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Madeeha Khalid1, Sara Iqbal1, Maira Afzal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...al polymers chitosan and starch in molds. Structure of composites was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The physical parameters such as weight and swelling degree of composite were studied. Chitosan starch based composites were used in treatment of waste water to remove a toxic anionic dye Congo red. Congo red solution (0.015 mM) was treated with polymer composite at neutral pH overnight with 150 rpm orbital shaki...
Sabah Mansoor1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Amna Jawad1, Bushra Munir2, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Wasim1
.../sup>, respectively when starch was utilized as substrate. To best of our knowledge this is the highest activity among the reported recombinant amylases from genus Geobacillus. Laboratory scale production of reducing sugars from cloth-starch makes AMYSBS a suitable candidate to be used in Textile industry.
... 
Partial Characterization of α-amylase Produced from Aspergillus niger using Potato Peel as Substrate
Shahzad Mahmood1, Memuna Ghafoor Shahid1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Nadeem3*, Quratulain Syed3
...µM/g using soluble starch as substrate. These results speculated that it could be used for various industrial exploration.
...
Habib-ur-Rehman1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1,*, Abdul Qayyum1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
...-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch. Most of the previously reported type II pullulanases are metal ion dependent and hard to purify, to homogeneity, due to low level of expression or the proteolytic machinery of the host. Herein we report expression in Escherichia coli and purification of metal ion independent type II pullulanase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis. Thermophilic origin and metal ion independency of the enzyme reported in this study make i...
Atiq-ur-Rehman1,2,*, Abida Latif1,*, Rukhsana Anwar1, Nasir Abbas1, Sajid Nawaz2 and Hamid Turab Mirza3
...tic) were examined after starch load with or without chloroform fraction. Chloroform fractions (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.w.) dose levels were administered to the rats and the samples of blood were taken at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h intervals. In vitro results showed that chloroform fraction at concentration of 100 µg/ml showed maximum α-amylase inhibition (53.11 ± 0.97% with IC50 value of 93.61 ± 4.44 µg/ml) followed ...
Mohammad Wasiullah Khan1*, Abdur Rab1, Roshan Ali2, Muhammad Sajid1, Faiza Aman1, Imran Khan3, Iqbal Hussain3 and Akhtar Ali3
...S), specific gravity and starch content. Potassium and zinc application at various levels were significant for all parameters. Potassium applied at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 increased tuber yield (27.9 ton ha-1), TSS (5.099 °Brix), specific gravity (1.083) and starch content (14.83 %). Yield parameter was being maximum with 150 kg K ha-1. Application of Zn at 10 kg ha-1 maximized tuber yield (26.9 ton ha-1), TSS (4.879 &de...
Amer Mumtaz2*, Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui2, Muhammad Naeem Safdar2, Masooma Munir2, Aqsa Qayyum2, Sahar Shibli2 and Muhammad Khalid Ibrahim3
..., waste water treatment, starch modification and removal of food allergens from food. ...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...harides like gelatin and starch. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates belong to the same specie Anoxybacillus rupiensis with 99% similarity under Accession number KF254911 (JF82) and KC849452 (JF83). The DNA G + C contents were 56.854% and 56.754% for A. rupiensis JF82 and A. rupiensis JF83, respectively. The isolates grew over a wide range of temperatures (40-70°C) and pH (4-9). The isolat...
Shujaat Ali1,2*, Tariq Ahmad Jan3, Khalil Ur Rahman3, Shah Masaud Khan2, Ijaz Hussain2, Waseem Ahmad2, Qasim Ayub2, Muhammad Abbas1 and Israr Ahmad1
Effect of Room Condition on Sweetening and other Chemical Components of Different Cultivars of Potato in Swat District
...C). In Desiree cultivar, starch content is little affected by change storage duration, in case of sweeting i.e reducing sugar and total sugar did not occur in Desiree up to 90 days of storage. Therefore, the Desiree has maintained edible quality up to three months storage....
Ashara Sajid1, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Saeed Rauf 2, Zahoor Hussain3, Salman Ahmad1 and Yasir Iftikhar1,*
...samples through the iodo-starch test but also provides reliability for quick indexing of disease in the aforesaid field. Moreover, molecular detection also revealed the (standardization) of primers used in previous and current studies. Characteristic symptoms combined with molecular detection would be useful to formulate the management strategies.
... 
A. B. Badr1 ; M. A. S. El-kady2; and Kh. E. A. Saker2
... clumped together, their starch content was decreased. Clumping of
mitochondria , chloroplastes and degeneration of grana were also observed. Pinwheel
inclusions and associated virus particles are frequently found in the cytoplasm of
infected leaf cells.
...
Badr, A. B. 1, Abou-zeid, A. A2. and Al-Naggar, A. M1.
...to tubers i.e. number of starch granules and total carbohydrate contents were non-significantly reduced as comparing to the healthy ones. As well as morphological characters i.e. size and tuber weight per plant were significantly reduced, however, its number was significantly increased as comparing to the healthy plant....
Lala Rukh1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Tusneem Kausar1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Muhammad Bilal Shahid1 and Amal Shaukat3
...ysico-chemical, in-vitro starch and protein digestibility, antioxidants and microbial count. Results showed that date bars are rich source of protein, fiber, carbohydrates and fat with good digestibility properties. Date pit powder and soy protein isolate incorporation enhanced the total antioxidants and DPPH activity in soy date bars however, decreasing trend was observed in total antioxidants and inhibition of DPPH radical activity during 90 days of storage....
Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder
...div>
numerous long starch globules. Ultrathin sections revealed the virus-like particles filled the nucleus
while those in chloroplast formed a distinctive crystalline shape. The shape of the cell walls and the
structures of mitochondria changed under the effect of CMV in most cells.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the virus possesses dangerous effects that reduce the
functions of the chloroplasts ...
Zahoor Hussain1,2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Mustansar Mubeen3, Muhammad Zia Saleem3, Muhammad Umer Naseer3, Muhammad Luqman4, Raheel Anwar5, Faheem Khadija6 and Aqleem Abbas7
...lour. Moreover, the iodo-starch tests revealed that the color of HLB-positive leaves was dark grey to black across the sliced surface. Afterward, the Zinc sulfate and Manganese sulfate at the concentrations of 0.25 g/L, 0.5 g/L, and 0.75 g/L were applied on selected diseased plants in combination. Afterward, different vegetative, physiological, and biochemical parameters of citrus greening infected fruit include fruit diameter, fruit weight, flavedo thickness,...
Warkoyo Warkoyo1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi1, Moch. Wachid1, Ivar Zekker2 and Jumpen Onthong3
...xpanded, which contained starch yield up to 21.4 %. Several starch properties obstruct edible film characteristics. It cannot tolerate acid and high temperature, which produces suspension with inconsistently gel-forming, syneresis probability of starch gel is high, limited solubility in water. Therefore, starch modification by crosslinking agent addition...
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4,
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
... produced from arrowroot starch, with the addition of seaweed pulp and spices, fulfill the chemical and physical properties of paddy rice requirements according to Indonesian National Standard No. 6128-2008. With an increasing concentration of the seaweed pulp, thefoodfiber,andthe resistant starch content increased. The antioxidant activity of the analog rice also increased with the addition of spices, which provided a more ...
Imtiaz Ahmed*, Imran Khan and Zia Ud Din
...long with“in-vitro starch digestibility”. The ash, fiber and protein content increased significantly while the carbohydrate content had significantly lower values (p, for all trends < 0.05) as the ratio of incorporation increased when compared with the control sample (data not shown here). The CWB also showed significantly (P<0.05) higher phenolic and total flavonoids content. Furthermore,CWB showed significantly (P<0.05) higher antioxidan...
Bibi Hajira*, Imran Khan and Zia-ud-Din
...itus because of its high starch digestibility. Previous studies suggested that the addition of other grains, legumes and medicinal herbs to bread might reduce its starch digestibility. However, the incorporation of these non-wheat materials into bread is challenging from consumer acceptability perspective. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of incorporating red sorghum and barley flours in white bread on in...
Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1
...termite attraction), 18% starch, 6% sodium alginate, 4% sodium silicate, and 2% urea. Termites infested monitoring stations installed in a sugarcane field were treated with the formulated bait beads and were inspected for termite activity at 15 and 30 days post-treatment. Results of initial in-vitro trials indicated that formulated beads remained intact and did not disintegrate by consecutive episodes of wetting and drying and were able to attract more than 50...
Uzma Hameed1*, Aneela Liaqat1, Muhammad Asjad Khan2, Ikram-Ul-Haq1 and Maham Aslam1
...urces (maltose, glucose, starch, galactose, arabinose and sucrose) best results were obtained with soluble starch. Alpha-amylase production is sensitive to the supply of nitrogen sources. In this context, both inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, were evaluated. Optimal enzyme production was obtained with diluent supplemented with NaNO3 (0.25%) and peptone (0.25%) as inorganic and organic sources, respectively. Among the ...
Mian Shamas Murtaza1,*, Aysha Sameen2, Saima Rafique3, Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Nabeela Gulzar4, Mian Anjum Murtaza5, Umar Farooq1 and Iram Hafiz6
...nge from 2-70. Resistant starch is obtained by chemical and enzymatic treatment of starch to increase its properties. These have functional and health-promoting properties as they reduce caloric value, add dietary fiber and endorse prebiotic effects. These are frequently used in industrially processed dairy as a bulking agent for fat replacement, textural modifications and organoleptic improvements. Hence, these can be fruit...
R. Singh1† and R. Z. Sayyed2
...amylodextrin (hydrolyzed starch) concentration in the infected regions as compared with normal healthy sections.
Protein localization found more pronounced at the sites of infection of M. incognita viz., cortical cells, giant cells,
abnormal xylem, medullary region and nematode body. Active RNA synthesis in infected cortical, medullary and
vascular regions was observed by positively dark stained nucleoli, nucleoplasm and cyt...
Muhammad Nadeem1*, Aneeta Rehman1, Masooma Munir1*, Hira Fatima2, Faiqa Malik1, Aqsa Iqbal1 and Alaiha Asif3
...n be made because of its starchy taste, firm and crispy texture. In the present study, three treatments (T0, T1 and T2) of date bar of approximately 36±2g weight with high nutritional value were prepared on the basis of water chestnut supplementation. For this purpose, water chestnut powder and date paste were used in different proportion. These bars were analyzed for physico-chemical, microbial and sensory analysis characteristics. The proximate analys...
Kalsoom1, Nasir Shah2, Muhammad Ibrahim3*, Tahira Bibi1, Kazim Ali4 and Zahir Shah2
...gst the important staple starchy food throughout the world but its salt sensitive. A large portion of irrigated land in major countries is affected by salinity or is likely to be salinized in near future. This study assessed the impact of various salt levels on morphology and biochemical attributes of a wild (Sante wild) and two transgenic (Sante 2 event and Sante 8 event) potato varieties in in vitro condition. These varieties were grown on Murashige and Skoo...
SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2*
...extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH a...
SAIMA AFTAB1, ATTIA HAMID1, MAHJBEEN2, JAVERIA TARIQ2, ZULQURNAIN ALI2, ASMA ZAFAR2*
...extract, lignocellulose, starch-based substrate and molasses, and other wastes. In this study low-quality apples were used for the production of ethanol that was further used for various purposes. From this work, it is clear that the maximum ethanol production is obtained from the apples. S. cerevisiae strain was used for the maximum conversion of sugar contents of apple extracts into ethanol. Different parameters like incubation time, temperature, pH a...
Sarfraz Ahmad1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1,* and Kashif Akram1,2
... and 0.6%) and resistant starch (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) were added in Mozzarella cheese making from low fat milk (2% fat). The positive (4% milk fat) and negative (2% milk fat) control samples were also prepared for comparison. The Mozzarella cheese samples were analyzed for physico-chemical composition, functional properties, cheese yield and textural profile. The findings showed that there was a significant impact of added hydrocolloids (inulin and resistant
Muhammad Adeel Farooq1, Shaukat Ali1*, Ali Hassan1, Rida Sulayman1, Muhammad Ahsan Kaleem2, Hafsa Shahzad1, Muhammad Summer1, Arooj Latif1, Tahreem Tanveer1
...pH 7.0±0.2 and 1% starch solution by BSAA-25 (338.6±11.0 U/mL) and BLAA-25 (326.8±6.4 U/mL). A considerable increase was seen in the biosynthesis of α-amylase from mutant strains of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis using agro-waste as substrate.
Novelty Statement | This scientific study presents an innovative strategy for increasing α-amylase production thr...
SHEHLA AKBAR*, SAIQA ISHTIAQ*, KHALID HUSSAIN, ANS MUNIR & SAIRA REHMAN
...g/ml),
total starch (14.69μg/ml), total protein (14.34μg/ml), total amino
acids(28.43μg/ml), total lipids (3.67 μg/ml), total glycosaponins (14.95%),
total alkaloids (24.67%), total polyphenolics (28.40%) and total flavonoids
(5.67%) were found in given plant samples. were found in the samples.
Haemolytic and DNA protection studies of Misopates orontium were also
performed. Sol...
M. Osman1, Kh. El-Dougdoug2, E. T. Abd El-Salam3, R.M. Taha4 and R.M. El-Hamidl
...bules and large deformed starch grains. Mitochondria appeared deformed without cristae. The nucleus appeared deformed with clear accumulation of marginal nuclear material. Multimembrane body and endoplasmic reticulum fragments also appeared....
Hanaa H.A.Gomaa1, A. F. Moustafal, Kh.A.El-Dougdoug2, A.A. Abou-Zeid3 and S. Y.M. Mahmoud4
...ch, number of starch granules, and total protein. The nucleic acid content of infected plants increased than healthy ones. The investigated hydrolytic enzymes of amylase and protease were reduced in infected potato plants while the level of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase was increased. PVX and PVY infected potato plants contained less auxins and gibberellins, and the pattern of growth promotors and growth inhibitors was altered. Cytokinin was als...
Muhammad Usman1*, Muhammad Uzair Khalid2, Muhammad Hasnain3*, Muhammad Tauseef4, Ali Raza4, Muhammad Akram4, Muhammad Shahid4, Abrar Ahmad4, Muhammad Shoaib Ismail1, Rabia Afzal2, Atta-Ulla2 and Muhammad Hussnain Babar3
... being a major source of starch and energy, wheat also provides substantial amounts of a number of components which are essential or beneficial for health. However, its production is being reduced day by day due to many issues but one of them is late sowing. Subsequently, it reduces grain filling and also production. This emerging issue can be solved by using the seed priming techniques. An experiment with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two facto...
Waseem Abbas, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Imran Khan
...andard methods. In-vitro starch digestibility and total starch were determined by Megazyme starch assay kit. A nine-point hedonic scale assessed bread samples for consumer acceptance. The findings of proximate composition showed a significant increase in ash at 2 and 3 % incorporation. The fiber content also significantly increased at the incorporation ratio of 1, 2 and 3%. In CWB, fat con...
Siti Zubaidah1, Chusnul Hanim2, Bambang Ariyadi3, Aji Praba Baskara2*, Zuprizal2
...nnanase (182 g/tons), nonstarch polysaccharide degrading enzyme (200 g/tons), and protease (130 g/tons). The chemical composition included dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), crude fiber (CF), total energy, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acids (FAs). In this study, the chemical composition was analyzed T - test student, while AAs, FAs, and cell-wall structure was analyzed descriptively. The microstructure of...
Sarfaraz Hussain Bangash
...rease in total sugar and starch in leaves and stems of boron deficient plant (Oram, 1961); while a greater amount of benzene insoluble matter is also found in the leaves of normal plants and in the stem of boron deficient plants. Certain parts of plants die because of lack of sugar of inadequate presence of boron. Thus boron deficiency symptoms may be an expression of sugar deficiency. Boron is essential to cell division (Haas and Klotz, 1931) in the meristema...
Beenish Khanzada1*, Shagufta Jabeen2, Asif Ali1, Amna Fatimah1, Ishfa Zahid1, Esha Israr1, Arifa Iqbal1 and Ashas Waheed1
...m two biopolymers (i.e., starch and chitosan) with the additive effect of two medicinal plant extracts i.e., Pithecellobium dulce (PD) and Cassia senna alata (CA) using solvent casting technique. Fine homogenous and smooth surface films were the starch ones followed by chitosan. Prepared films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to study the interactions between extract polyphenols with
