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 Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*

...addition to shade trees, shrubs, and pink wood products as well as vectors of tree ailments. The alien species related to hardwood packing substances have been remarkable tree destroyers in the urban and semi-urban areas of China. In forests flora and fauna inhabitant species take action against disturbances, for instance fires in addition to windstorms, and start the bio-worsening of woody tissue. The females lay eggs on the bark surface of the stems a...

 Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**

...nd by planting palatable shrubs and fodder trees.

...
Mubashar Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Malik, Sehreen Siddique, Muhammad Umar, Tamkeen Zainab, Fatima Zafar
...ly from crops, weeds and shrubs from randomly selected locations i.e. Dolat Nagar, Lala Musa, Jalalpur Jatan, Guliyana, Fateh Pur and Kunjah. Analysis of specimens indicated a representation of 14 species, 6 genera and 3 sub families across all sites. Maximum abundance was noticed for Coccinella septempunctata (19.63 %) followed by Coccinella undecimpunctata (14.70 %), Coccinella transversalis (11.14 %) and Coccinella sexmaculata (1...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...sed cover and density of shrubs, and more low-lying shrub cover (1.0 m in height) than unsuccessful nest-sites. Forward elimination stepwise logistic regression was worked out with the above significantly different variables and their first-order interaction as independent variables. Finally, regression equation with the lower Akaike’s Information Criterion for small sample sizes (AICc) value was regarded as the optima...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
... Dodonaea viscosa shrubs. Nesting material consisted of dry leaves of annual grass Poa annua, small twigs of bushes and downy feathers. The depth of nest ranged between 5-10 cm. Clutch size ranged from 8-20 eggs while the incubation period was found to be 22-24 days. Hatching success was up to 85% (range 75 to 85%) in different nests. The dense vegetation consisting of Dodonaea viscosa and Poa annua provided shelter, cover and abund...

Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5* 

... erectus is an evergreen shrub found on the shorelines in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, throughout the America, tropical Africa, and West Indies. The main objective of this review was to highlight the relevant documented knowledge published about its botanical aspects, phytochemistry, traditional uses as well as therapeutic potential of Conocarpus erectus. This plant was selected due to its great medicinal importance like its leaves and fruits...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
...ng on coarse grasses and shrubs in the Late Miocene Siwalik habitats of Potwar Plateau. At the apex of molar, crown is narrow and represents selenodonty in Selenoportax, while a broader crown in Pachyportax which indicates strong hypsodonty. The present sample add valuable information on systematics, dental morphology and dietary habits of the Late Miocene (7-5 Ma) boselaphines which are represented today by their living kin Boselaphus tragoca...
Waqar Majeed1, Naureen Rana1, Elmo Borges de Azevedo Koch2* and Shahla Nargis1
...he insects at rest or on shrubs were manually collected. Overall, 5867 individuals were recorded pertaining to 152 species. Among the arthropods collected from two fields, number of the order Diptera was most diverse followed by those of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Araneae and Neuroptera. The number of arthropod species differed between localities and between the studied seasons. The arthropod composition varied significantly a...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
...is comprises 39 herb, 14 shrubs, and 16 trees, respectively. The study postulated on the certification of herbal knowledge on realistic bases though former interviews for the documentation of accurate indigenous knowledge. (R1andR2) All the plant species have high medicinal values and used as an ethno veterinary by the local inhabitants. Like However, family Lamiaceae showed remarkable medicinal benefits. The administrative route is virtually oral, while some ...
Hongqun Li1*, Xiaoli Liu2*, Zongxian Han1, Shabin Wu1 and Changlei Cao1
...ts and diameter, smaller shrub cover and lower herb height, and higher sheltering class. The overall classification model developed from these seven variables helped distinguish foraging sites from random ones at probability of 90.2%; while day-roosting sites tended to be found in the areas of higher altitude, smaller tree cover, lower shrub cover and height, lower herb height and sheltering class, far away from households, ...

Inam Ullah1,2, WU Qing-Ming1*, Ruqia Bibi2 and Najam Un Nisa2

Comparison of Nesting Site Preferences and Breeding Ecology of Red-Vented Bulbul, Baya Weaver, and Grey Bush Chat in Sheikh Badin National Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
...t. The dominant tree and shrub species include Ziziphus jujuba, Ziziphus mauritiana, Acacia Nilotica, Cortaderia selloana, and Sheesham Olea oleaster. Thirty-nine (39) nests of 3 selected bird species, Red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), Baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus), and Grey bush chat (Saxicola ferreus) were found in which 18 active nests were examined during the study period at different sampling sites. All the three birds’ nest were observed on...

Dali Wang1,2, Yujing Zhu1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Mei Zhao1,2,3, Chan Yang1,2 and Dayong Li1,2*

...all classified as either shrubs or herbaceous plants. Gnaphalium hypoleucum had the highest importance value of the herbs (27.48%), while Leycesteria formosa had the highest importance value of the shrubs (17.33%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was significantly higher in the lower section and the Bray-Curtis distance was significantly lower, suggesting vegetation recovery has progressed faster on the lower end of the d...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Rasheed Ahmed3, Anam Ashraf1, Muhammad Amin4 and Nafees Ahmad5

...f the data revealed that shrublands (0.33-0.17%), grasslands (45.83-41.74), and cropland (12.71-10.47) were decreased significantly. At the same time, savannas, permanent wetlands, urban and built-up lands, natural vegetation, permanent snow and ice, and barren lands increased substantially over the entire period. Due to the lack of baseline data, the LULC map will play an essential role in the sustainable management of LULC in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Hi...

Cheng Zhao1,2, Qin Shi1*, Gen Yang3, Youyuan Tan2, Songwen Tan2, Jiahong Li2 and Marwan M.A. Rashed2

...huan sika deer preferred shrub vegetation and southern slope. Compared to control plots, lower elevation, longer distance to forest edge, higher herb cover and concealing condition appeared in used plots. The results of the logistic regression models showed that herb cover and elevation were the key factors. It was indicated that diet, safety and temperature were the main factors affecting the habitat use of Sichuan sika deer in winter.

...

M. Behdani1†, F.J. Afshar2, M.R. Mirzaee1

...vulgaris
L.) shrubs planted in Birjand (Ghattargaz region), South Khorasan province of Iran infected with root-knot
nematode. On the basis of perineal pattern the nematode was identified as Meloidogyne javanica and is the first
report on B. vulgaris in Iran.
...

Arshad Javaid1*, Iqra Haider Khan1, Malik F. H. Ferdosi2, Aneela Anwar3 and Mujahid Manzoor4 

...dicinally important wild shrubby plant that generally grows at moist places in Pakistan. There are only a few scientific reports on I. carnea especially on phytochemical profile of its flowers. In the present study, flower extract of this plant was analyzed by GC-MS in search of identification of medicinally important constituents. The dried and crushed material of flowers was extracted in analytical grade methanol for one week and after filtration, it was sub...
MISBAH RAZZAQ, MUHAMMAD RAIS*, MUHAMMAD ARSLAN ASADI, SALEHA ABBASI &
ABDULLAH IBRAHIMv
...rasses, herbs
and shrubs and also ingests insects.

...

* Amal Abou El-Ela, A.

..., was isolated from rose shrubs during the survey of rose plantations in Orman Garden, showing Ilarvirus-like symptoms. To identify the causal virus, the plants were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using antibodies against different Ilarviruses i.e., Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Prunus necrotic ring virus (PNRSV), Rose mosaic virus (RNIV) and Tobacco streak virus (TSV) Preliminary results revealed the presence of PNRSV in tested rose

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

...here were 20- herbs, 13- shrubs and 18 tree species documented on the basis of their importance and medicinal uses. Frequently utilized plant components included were fruits, leaves, roots, barks, seeds, and sometimes whole plant. There was a total of 50 plants out of which 20 plants were used through the preparation of decoction, 17 plants in the powder form and 10 plants used through infusion. 80% plants used to cure cough, asthma, fever, influenza, diabetes...

Hussain Shah1, Hamida Bibi2, Ali Hazrat1and Khan Sher3

...es of
herbs, shrubs, mushrooms, trees and vegetables were recorded for their medicinal use.
These include 74 plants (96%) of angiosperms, 1 (1%) of gymnosperms, 2 (2%) of fungi
and 1 (1%) of Pteridophytes. Asteraceae was a dominant family having 5 species follows by
Brassicaceae and Moraceae each one is represented by 4 species. Among angiosperms 73
(63.01%) was herbs, 4 (5.47%) was

Shabnam Javed1 and Amna Shoaib2

...l value as a large woody shrub. The present study examined the cytotoxic activities
of S. tomentosa using methanolic extracts and fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl
acetate and water) against three cancer cell lines (lung A-549, hepatocellular HepG2and
urinary bladder EI-138). Cytotoxic assays were carried out with five concentrations (0.05,
0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg mL-1) of methanolic extract and its ...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
...ate growing of trees and shrubs with crops and/or animals in interacting combinations for a variety of objectives. Historically, farmers often retained trees on their farms to sustain agricultural production, reduce soil erosion, retain water and provide shade, and generate income. The study was conducted in District Bannu. For the comprehensive study of agroforestry both primary and secondary data were obtained. Major portion of secondary data was obtained fr...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Raees Khan
...ine Pastures 649,721 ha, shrubs and bushes 533,523 ha, rangeland 794,471 ha, snow and glaciers 813,530 ha, horticulture is 15,519 ha, barren land (desert) is 646,305 ha, settlements is110,536 ha, and water bodies is 151,688 ha (Land Cover Atlas of Pakistan PFI 2012). Forest is the main revenue source of provincial exchequer till imposition of ban on forest harvesting in 1993 forest was contributing 43% revenue to provincial exchequer. Forest has the tremendous...
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
... for Chukar is rocky and shrubby vegetation. Majority of the respondents i.e. 23 (57.5%) replied that there is illegal hunting of Chukar, 40 (100%) replied that hunting can be legalized through legal license and permits, and 27 (67.5%) replied that Causes of habitat destruction of Chukar is due to human population increase. Chukar mostly feed on wild seed and grain. There is an urgent need to conserve Chukar by improving their habitat in the study area, avoidi...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...including woody ravines, shrub land and agricultural fields. Chi-square tests showed the species displayed significant habitat selection in relation to the availability. The species showed highly significant habitat selection for woody ravines, preferred northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...at types: woody ravines, shrub land and agricultural fields. Chi-square tests was used and the species showed highly significant preference for woody ravines, preferred northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species....
Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...es; agricultural fields, shrub lands, mountain slopes, grass lands and barren rocks. Chi-square tests showed the species displayed significant habitat selection in relation to the availability. The species showed highly significant habitat and preferred mountain slopes highly significantly. The species preferred northerly aspects and foraged in the morning and evening to reduces stress heat. The findings conformed generally to other studies on the species. ...
Tariq Mahmood
... by rangelands (23.80%), shrubs & bushes (22.32%) and agricultural land (19.94%).The change detection result shows that there is a considerable increase in Shrub & Bushes (21.33%), followed by Forests (9.76%). It also indicates a considerable decrease in land cover class agriculture land (28.34%), followed by the Rangeland land cover class (4.83%).

Key words: GIS/RS, Forest covers change assessment, Khyber Pakhtunkhw...

Tanveer Haider, Aurangzeb Ashraf, Ambar Masud
...tation cover, stood 78%, shrubs and grasses cover, in total 79 vegetative species were found in the area, however 7 remained unidentified forage productivity remained 1160 kg/ha, animal units was almost .03. Pressures and threats to park and particular compartment are directly and indirectly increasing day by day. Major pressures are increasing human population, overgrazing by animals, environmental pollution, like water contamination and forest fires. A thing...
Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
...sing 16 tree species, 17 shrub species, 8 herb species and 5 climber species were encountered. Apart from Baphia nitida, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Brachystegia eurycoma with populations of 6, 4 and 3/ha respectively, all other tree species had one frequency each/ha. In the shrub category, Lasianthera africana had the highest population of 255/ha and Alchornea cordifolia, the least of one/ha. <...
Md Golam Moula
...e species and others are shrub or small tree or thorney palm. Considering the types of plants, survival rate, diameter and height growth, E. agallocha, H. fomes and X. mekongensis are found highly promising for underplanting in the western coastal belt of Bangladesh....
Ghayyas Ahmad, Mian Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Mahr Muhammad Asif
...he data regarding tree & shrub species respectively. A total of 10 sample plots were measured in each forest. Later on, the data from these plots were combined to arrive at a single figure for each plant species found at two sites of study. The plant diversity of both types of forests was assessed and compared by computing two diversity indices viz. Species richness and Shannon diversity and evenness indices.

Results indicated higher plant species ri...

Sarfraz Ahmad, Sarwat N. Mirza and Muhammad Islam
... Mediterranean perennial shrub was evaluated under natural rainfall regimes to assess its potential of germination and establishment under drill and broadcast seeding treatments for range improvement in highland Balochistan. Seeds of S. vermiculata germinated in both treatments with higher germination percentage in drill seeding. Apparently, no differences were observed for seedling survival and seedling establishment between drill and broadcast methods...
Amjad Ali Chaudhry, Chaudhry Muhammad Muslim and Muhammad Mushtaque
...red by grasses/herbs and shrubs, respectively while 56.75% was uncovered. Carrying capacity was found to be 1.003 AU/ha/yr and shrubs were the major contributors of forage. The Rakh presented miserable condition of grasses and it is strongly recommended that rotational system to be followed which promotes forage vigour by avoiding repeated and continuous grazing of one block year after year....
S. M. Rafique
...cies, 2 forb species, 10 shrub species and 6 tree species. The bio-mass production was 752 kg (AD)/ha which was quite low. The study further indicated that range condition was poor to fair and the range trend was downward. The study has recommended application of specialized grazing system like; intensive repeated seasonal grazing to utilize coarse and or less palatable grass species. Further the study recommended improvement in complementary forage production...
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
... and 0.5x0.5m for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively. Density, frequency and coverage of each species in the different stands were recorded. It was changed to relative scales and then added together to get the importance value for each species in each stand. Communities were named after the 3 leading dominants. The following five communities were recognized: (I) Melia-Lantana-Stellaria, (II) Morus-Dodonaea Melilotus, (III) Dodonaea-Grewia-Me...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
... trees and 24 species of shrubs were recorded as used medicinally by inhabitants of the park. Among these 10 species of trees and 5 species of shrubs are being sold in the local market. Berberis lyceum Royle is found vulnerable to harvesting. Acacia modesta Wall, A. nilotica (L.) Delile, and Dodonaea viscous (L) Jacq. Are found under pressure of being used as fuelwood....
Asif Kamal and Rizwan Ahmad
...tion Agencies. Trees and shrubs planted in track belts along the roads with a dense foliage can also attenuate traffic noise effectively. ...
M. Ayaz and M. Nauman Arshad
...atement through tree and shrub rows was studied on the main highway between Peshawar and Islamabad/Rawalpindi. Road stretches with trees and shrubs were selected all along this highway. Noise of traffic was measured behind the vegetation stretches and controlled with a Noise Level Meter. It was found that the greens alone in combination with shrubs could cut down the traffic noise by 5-8 d...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...amilies of wild tree and shrubs, were found to be commonly used as fuelwood in Margalla Hills National Park by the people. Acacia modesta Wall., A. nilotica (L.) Delile, Buxus papillosa C.K. Schneid. and Dodonaea viscose (L.) Jacq. Were found to be under high fuelwood pressure. Issues were discussed and conclusions made to improve the situation....
S. Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...> L.) is a multi-purpose shrub grows abundantly in northern Pakistan. Fruit is a rich source of vitamins and oil. Oil is used for a variety of products in various industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceutical. Suggestions have been made and strategy discussed for its sustainable management for future exploitation....
Muhammad Ayaz
...like woods, grasses and shrubs, for this use, on the basis of their fiber dimensions. Among all the species investigated softwoods are the best material for pulp and paper, followed by bamboos and other grasses. Most of the hardwoods and shrubby materials yield short fiber. To produce a strong paper from hardwoods and shrubby materials use of a pulp furnish of softwoods and/or bamb...
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
...and by the extraction of shrubs and bushes for fuel. Valuable grasses like Washta/Hadden (Stipa pennata), and Granang/Rangai (Enneapogon persicum) have almost vanished. These were the important palatable perennial grasses representing the climax of range ecosystem in highland Balochistan. Now, these have been replaced by Saba/Kaj (Chrysopogon aucheri), a sub-climax stage in deterioration of the original cover (Johnston and Huss...
Raza-ul-Haq
...ance in combination with shrub and herb control on the survival and growth of the nursery raised 3 and 12 month old planted seedlings. Vegetation treatments included cutting and killings with herbicide applications. Seedling age in relation to competition from other vegetation is important for the survival of seedlings. Total shrub (Viburnum) control and soil working improved survival (77% of 3 months old seedlings a...
Mohammad Noor, Mohammad Khan and Gul Nabi
...grasses, forbs and trees/shrubs were not significantly different in the exclosed and adjacent grazed areas. The higher ( P = 0, 05) forage production and composition of Aristida depressa in the grazed area showed that this species increased under continued grazing. Frequency of grasses, forbs and trees/shrubs was not affected by the exclusion of livestock. The data indicate that direct manipulations In semi-arid envir...
Anjum Amin and Raja Mohammad Ashfaque
...ation value of herbs and shrubs. The ubiquitous presence of regeneration of Acacia modesta in all the habitats least effect of topography and the highest summation values of the regeneration of Acacia modesta, lantana camara, Ehretia obtusifolia, Dodonaea viscosa and Zizyphus nummularia indicates future trend of the vegetation with the probable chances of Olea cuspidate and Sageretia brandrethiana....
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
...jor overhead storey with shrubs Myrsine africana, Berberis lycium, Indigofera spp. as understorey. The ground flora is occupied by grasses like Digitaria spp., Agrostis gigantea, Agropyron dentatum, Cymbopogon spp., Eleusine compressa, Themeda anathera, Panicum antidotale, Heteropogon spp., Chrysopogon aucheri, Dicanthium annulatum, whereas Trifolium pratense, Taraxicum officinale, Plantago lanceolatus, Fragaria vesca...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...omposition, total cover, shrub cover and herbaceous cover of the vegetation. The analysis of variance snowed significant difference between the stands and t test gave significant difference between the shrubby and non shrubby stands. The herbaceous cover and total vegetation cover were found positively correlated and shrub cover negatively correlated wi...
G. M. Khattak Dr. and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ed humus under trees and shrubs....
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
... including trees, herbs, shrubs, cultivated crops (mostly legumes) and weeds (Baloch et al., 1967a)....
G. M. Khattak and Ashiq Ahmad
...ide Skimmia and Viburnum shrubs unless they were too thick. Light intensity over plots bearing for seedlings varied from 16 to 58% of full sunlight and that over plots without fir seedlings, 63 to 100%. An area of about 2.3 ha was fenced in pure silver-fir forest of Malkandi in 1974 after removing single trees from fully stocked patches to create one tree wide gaps in the canopy. Forestry students re-visited this area in May 1979 and the following is a resume ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...sa Linn. A deciduous shrub recorded by Parker (1915) in Lahore and Abbottabad was reintroduced in Pakistan about 15 years back. Although the species is actually a native of the USA and grows from mid west all the way to the south, the seed was imported from Japan, where it has been extensively planted to cover the bare hill slopes. The plant being leguminous improves and binds the soil and is a nutritious fodder. The plants in the first i...
M.A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
... species and a plenty of shrub growth in much open spaces (Troup, 1921; Champion et al., 1965). The average number of juniper trees per hectare have been estimated at hardly twenty eight (Khattak, 1976) and Caragana ambigua and Pervoskia abrotenoides are amongst the most frequent of the shrubs. Caragana is a medium sized bush growing on gritty sites while Pervoskia is a herb with bulb...
Musarrat Nasreen Ali and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...erect, small rigid spiny shrub, about 1-3.5 metres in height with rough and light greyish bark, yellowish orange branched tap roots and violet berries. The plants are distributed throughout the hilly areas of Pakistan, from Baluchistan to Dir, Chitral, Gilgit, Hazara, Murree and Azad Kashmir at an elevation of 900-3,000 metres (4)....
S. Maqsood Khan
...quency of more palatable shrubs was higher in the exclosure than in the open. All the species recorded in the grazed area were also found inside the exclosure, but with lower forage yield and frequency, while some new more palatable species got established inside the protected area....
Miss Munawar Sultana and Anwar Ahmad Khan
... an evergreen gregarious shrub 48-96 cm in height with a fetid smell. The plants are commonly distributed in Karachi, Sind, North Waziristan, Khyber and Kurram Agencies, Dir, Chitral, Swat, Lower Hazara, Rawalpindi and Jhelum district upto an elevation of 1200 meters (3).
The plant is much valued for its powerful expectorant and anti-spasmodic properties. Leaves are used in asthma, chronic bronchitis and all kinds of coughs. The powdered leaves are u...
Abdul Aziz Khan
...certain forage trees and shrubs, being tried in the Range Management farm at the Pakistan Forest Institute, has been chemically analysed for the estimation of nutritive value. Range of nutritive constituents of these forages has been compared with those of the common grasses of Thai, Cholistan and Kala Chitta areas. It has been concluded that since the nutritive components of these forages compare favourably well with those of the common grasses,...

Pakistan Journal of Forestry

June

Vol. 73, Iss. 1

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