Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2
...ld. It is concluded that integration of biochar and legumes could be a useful strategy for enhancing the overall farm profitability and productivity of cereal-based systems by providing increased yields from this additional ‘summer gap’ crop....
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah
...r applied @ 15 L ha-1 in integration with Dual Gold @ 1.25 L ha-1 showed weeds mortality of 65.5 %, resulted in seedcotton yield of 3949.7 kg ha-1 and net monetary benefit of Rs. 2,19,821. Sole application of Dual Gold @ 2.5 L ha-1 reduced weeds by 55.9%, produced seedcotton yield of 3212.7 kg ha-1 and net resulted in net benefit of Rs. 1,77,414. It is noteworthy that interculturing twice (30+60 DAS) caused maximum (67.7%) suppression of we...
Muhammad Amjad Nadim1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Kashif Waseem2
Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2
...le presents a systematic integration of complex biological interactions of 226 mammary gland genes to uncover underlying regulatory networks. Data were collected from various databases after having an exhaustive literature study. Network, functional and pathway analysis of the mammary gland genes were performed to find mastitis resistant genes, which helped us to identify prime genes of mammary gland that are more resistant to mastitis, and analysis of those r...
Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal
Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...rom reliable source. So, integration between whole tuber planting or seed piece treatment units supervised management may offer better protection from the dreaded disease. Dynamic nature of disease management offers the scope for future modification.
...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif2
... be considered for their integration in sucking pests’ management strategies on transgenic crops such as Bt cotton.
...
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat
Ann Milliken Pederson
...ciences) into a holistic integration of knowledge, places the quest and the question of God within the historical narrative of the natural and cultural history of the entire cosmos, and offers a vision of hope and action to create a sustainable and wholesome view for the future.
...
Aqsa Waqar1, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Sania Begum2*, Tayyaba Rehman1, Rabia1, Armghan Shehzad2, Wajya Ajmal2, Syeda Shahdana Zia2, Iqra Siddiqi2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali2*
...m and can facilitate the integration of multiple genes into wheat by pyramiding and transformation. This review discusses information regarding rust disease and resistance in wheat to tackle the disease through resistance breeding. ...
Yanjie Guo1, Weini Wu1, Hongmei Wang2, Xiao Guo2 and Yongping Xu2,*
...lated by the coordinated integration of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The nerves that branch from the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) are a major source of sympathetic nerves, which dominate the immune response of the female reproductive system. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an important Th1 cytokine and plays an important role in pregnancy. To explore whether or not Th1 cytokines influence the physiological state of the female reproductive system ...
Babar Hussain*, Muhammad Ashfaq**, Mazher Abbas***, Khalid Mahmood**** and M. Ather Mahmood***
...;"> Regional market integration in many agricultural commodities has been extensively studied for the insight, it provides in to the functioning of such markets; such studies provide valuable information about the dynamics of market adjustment, and whether there exist market imperfection, which may justify government intervention. This study used the monthly wholesale price (Rs. / 40 kg) data from January 1991 to December 2006 of gram, in logarithmic form...
Sajid Ali*, Quratulain Altaf** and Umar Farooq*
ACREAGE RESPONSE OF FLUE CURED VIRGINIA TOBACCO IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...d Lag (ARDL) model for cointegration was used to estimate the short-run and long-run elasticities. The study found a long-run price elasticity of 0.33, thereby revealing that FCV acreage response to its own price is relatively inelastic. The short-run acreage response was also low (0.13) and therefore relatively inelastic. This implies that price policy could not be used as the sole instrument to affect area under FCV. The provision of some other non-price inc...
Umar Ijaz Ahmed*, Liu Ying**, Muhammad Khalid Bashir***,
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal*, Muhammad Rizwan*, Muhammad Mazhar
Iqbal****, Muhammad Rafi Qamar***** and Aftab Nazeer******
SPATIAL PRICE TRANSMISSION IN PAKISTAN: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND RICE MARKETS
... Correction Model and Co-integration approach were employed. Results showed that wheat and rice market prices are integrated. Some markets have positive or negative transmission shocks on each other due to the different geographical locations and transport infrastructure. All the wheat markets are adjusted to price changes in the long run equilibrium except few markets. Unidirectional and bidirectional causality exists between wheat and rice markets. Bad and p...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...tion of migratory birds, integration of different approaches for the protection of their habitats, and to prevent the illegal hunting and poaching, mitigating agricultural and industrial pollution, preventing water reservoirs from heavy metal poisoning are important considerations. Ceasing anthropogenic activities along with the mass awareness programs on electronic and print media could be effective conservation strategies during the period of their stay in P...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...tiple destruction and disintegration of fibers in the muscular tissue, and lysing of cores and their structures. Collectively, these results clearly articulate the irreversible destructive changes in the lean tissue. The data presented in this study highlight the mechanisms of the autolytic process and its influence both on the morphological composition of the lean tissue and on the shelf life of the meat.
...
Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif2
...15 and 20 t ha-1 and the integration of 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 FYM with 75, 50 and 25% of the RD, respectively. Tillage practice included shallow tillage (ST; 0-20 cm) and deep tillage (DT; 0-40 cm). The FYM alone resulted in increased soil NPK, organic matter (OM) and the electrical conductivity (EC) but failed to improve the yield significantly. However, the RD, along with improving these parameters, also increased the yield significantly over the FP. Amongst a...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...herefore recommend their integration in biorational IPM programmes against lepidopterous borers of okra and other vegetables.
...
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
...o analyze the long run cointegration among variables, obtaining annual time series data from 1973 to 2014. An empirical estimation of ARDL approach has indicated the evidence of long-run cointegration of model. Empirical findings of the study indicate positive (5.178151) and significant relationship between agriculture credit and agricultural output. Labor participating in agriculture has positive (14.98381) yet insignifican...
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus1*, Olabode Mayowa Peter2, Muhammad Adamu Abbas3 and Mohammed Dauda Goni4
...in bacteria involved the integration of a complex systems that included the efflux pump, alteration of drug target site, enzymatic inactivation and, mutation in drug target site and gene acquisition of resistance determinants through horizontal gene transfer. This review focused on the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus. Understanding the concept of resistance development and transfer will immensely help in curtailing the global rise in antimi...
Farhat Iqbal1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Ecevit Eyduran3, Zil-e-Huma4, Abdul Waheed5, Farhat Abbas2, Muhammad Ali2, Nadeem Rashid2, Majed Rafeeq2, Asadullah2 and Zahid Mustafa2
...arameters mature weight, integration constant, maturity rate and their credible intervals of four widely-used nonlinear sigmoidal growth models were estimated through Bayesian inference. Gompertz, Logistic, Brody and Von Bertalanffy models were fitted to average monthly body weight data of (n = 412) Mengali sheep from birth to 24 months of age for both sexes (male and female) and type of births (single and twin). The overall goodness of fit was checked by calc...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...h, which is based on the integration of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the effective months are determined by DEA method and a performance rank is performed between the effective months by GRA method. It has been investigated whether the results of different Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques combined with the data fusion technique support the proposed hybrid approach’s results. In this context, the p...
Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem
... (ADF) test. Johansen Co-integration test and Error Correction Model (ECM) have employed for the long run and short run empirical estimation. The Co-integration test results show the presence of a long run relationship among the variables. The coefficient of the ECM term (-.537563) in the ECM model is negative and statistically significant, which validates stable long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables, with sp...
Saqib Bashir* and Bashir Ahmad
...rain yield of wheat. The integration of pigeonpea green manuring with nitrogen levels significantly increased wheat growth, yield and yield components. In case of green manuring, plots in which pigeon pea crop was incorporated at the age of 90 days showed maximum plant height (103.3 cm), thousand grains weight (45.2 g), biological yield (10199 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3641 kg ha-1) of wheat. The application of nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg N ha-1 significant...
Illahi Bux Bhatti1, 2*, Imran Khatri2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani2 and Riffat Sultana3
...eriment was conducted on integration of different control methods i.e. cultural, biological, yellow sticky traps and chemical against sugarcane whitefly during February 2016 at PARC-NSTHRI, Thatta, experimental field. The result revealed that lowest number of whitefly (0.38 nymphs + puparia per cm2 per leaf) with highest % mortality (79.89) was recorded in T11 (cultural control + biological control + chemical control), followed by T10 (Cultural control + Biolo...
Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2
...ime series approach of cointegration using Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds testing. The bounds testing showed existence of a long run relationship between Basmati rice production and the regressors used in the study. The Basmati rice production showed a positive association with its own price. The response to fertilizer price was negative as per expectations. Tubewell availability had a positive effect on Basmati production. The Basmati rice had a speed ...
Hala Rajab1, Muhammad Sayyar Khan1*, Safdar Hussain Shah1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2
...in 50 mgL-1. NtSAT4 gene integration into the plants genome was confirmed by PCR using the NtSAT4 gene specific primers. The positive transgenic lines were successfully acclimatized to soil and glass house conditions. The developed transgenic lines have the potential to overproduce high levels of cysteine and glutathione for enhanced stress tolerance especially against heavy metals. ...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
...rminedly altered through integration body matrix osteoblast, resorption bone via osteoclasts. Rheumatoid arthritis allied with considerable levels pain, tiredness, disability, reduced distinction life. Precise pathogenesis job rheumatoid factor not known, through formation immune complexes engross establishment harmonize. To determine the correlation between Anti-Oxidants and Biochemical status in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. 60 clinically diagnosed Rheumato...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...data. Johansen’s Cointegration test and error correction model (ECM) is applied to estimate the long run and the short run relationship amongst the variables. The long-run analyses revealed the existence of a positive relationship among variables. The coefficient of ECM term (-0.389026) was found to be negative and statistically significant, which validates stable long-run relationship among variables, with a speed of 39 per cent to restore disequilibriu...
Mudassar Rashid1, Zuhair Husnain2, Usman Shakoor1* and Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1
...mates. The outcomes of cointegration shows that all climate variables have statistically substantial effect on cotton productivity in Pakistan. Both rain-fall and maximum temperature have positive effects while minimum temperature has negative effects on cotton production. Furthermore, both fertilizer and area have positive impact on cotton production. long run cointegrating relationship holds among climate change variables and cotton productivity. mitigating...
Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz1
...rol measures with proper integration. ...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3
...In order to find out the integration of biocontrol agents with plant chemical and insecticide against Thrips tabaci L. (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), release of Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea, spray of Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5% and spinosad 240 SL (Tracer) were integrated in all possible combinations, thus, making a total of 15 treatments including separate application of each above and a control where none was appli...
Anila Latif, Zaheer Abbas, Farhatullah and Ghulam Muhammad Ali*
...rabidopsis thaliana. The integration of the BBE gene in transgenic lines was confirmed through PCR while the expression was confirmed by Reverse Transcriptase PCR. Whole plant bioassay confirmed 100% mortality in DBM within 72 hours. The present investigation concludes that the metabolic engineering of berberine in plants is an effective strategy to protect plants from herbivorous insects and this pathway should further be evaluated for possible application in...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Tashfeen Ali*, Khubroo Jamil*
DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW VOLTAGE AC TO DC CONVERTER FOR MESO AND MICRO ENERGY HARVESTERS
...e of the converter. Upon integration of the converter
to different energy harvesters, the converter successfully rectified the AC or random output voltage signals of the
harvesters into corresponding DC voltage. ...
to different energy harvesters, the converter successfully rectified the AC or random output voltage signals of the
harvesters into corresponding DC voltage. ...
Umar Hayat1*, Ibrar Hussin2, Aftab Alam3 and Khalid Khan4
Time Series Analysis of Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Application of Bootstrap ARDL
... ARDL. Confirming the co integration relationship, the study identifies that real GDP per capita is a significant variable responsible for decline in child mortality thereby confirms the hypothesis of MT. The study however, does not find statistical evidence in favor of the hypothesis of SDT due to meager allocation to health sector in case of Pakistan. Allocation of sufficient fund to health sector specifically targeting maternal and child health is expected ...
Wajahat Azeem1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Tooba Hamid2
...re, recommended that the integration of antagonistic plants with the antagonistic fungi may be useful for the better control of plant parasitic nematodes.
... 
