Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad1
...were applied randomly to flooded rice in pots. Rice seedlings were transplanted to each pot on July 18, 2016. The data were recorded on agronomic parameters of rice crop, plant tissue and post-harvest soil analysis. But in this paper, data on availability of major plant nutrients, soil organic matter and plant dry weight are presented. The data revealed that cyanobacteria strains had significantly (p < 0.05) increased the availability of major plant nutrien...
Muhammad Imran Mahmood* and Muhammad Zubair
...t height in Sufeda under flooding which were 135 and 125cm after and before the experiment. However, Neem showed maximum plant height after experiment (103 cm) under drought condition. But, the minimum plant height (57 cm) before experiment was observed in Sufeda under droughtexhibiting 50% decline than Sufeda under flooding. Contrary to that Neem exhibited the maximum plant height before experiment (i.e 107 cm) under drough...
Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3
...dy probes the effects of floods-2010 on agriculture sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for the study were collected through a pretested interview schedule from 364 respondents belonging to 5 randomly selected villages of District Charsadda. The study findings reveal a significant difference in the area under wheat, maize and vegetables after the flood. At the same time, the area under sugarcane and fodder had also decreased ...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad and Ijaz Ashraf**
ROLE OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS IN ENHANCING SKILLS OF FARMING COMMUNITY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...n value 3.32 followed by flood, border and basin irrigation techniques with mean values 2.98, 2.85 and 2.76, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that farmers' skills in all the selected aspects were improved as a result of their participation in FFS' sessions. ...
Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**
OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...rary containers stagnant flood waters, etc. Ovitraps were used as monitoring tools in urban areas of the selected sites. Results showed that mosquitoes are active throughout the year with their most active season during May, September and October. The mean relative abundance of Culex species in different districts were: Peshawar (32.3), Nowshera (18.8), Mardan (20.3) and Charsadda (21.0). Higher numbers of Aedes mosquitoes were observed in Nowshera (19.3), Pes...
Muhammad Suleman Bacha1*, Mohammad Nafees1 and Syed Adnan2
...ulted frequent and sever floods or droughts and reduction in agricultural productivity and poor farm householders with low farm holdings are more exposed to such extreme weather events. FGDs and interviews also showed various indicators of causes, impacts and observations of climate change in the study area. Vulnerability assessment revealed that cereals, vegetables and fruit orchards are vulnerable to both climatic and non-climatic factors resulting reduction...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1
...were applied randomly to flooded rice in pots. Five seedlings of rice (Kianat cv.) were transplanted to each pot on 18th of July 2016. The growth of rice crop was maintained for about 3 months and 12 days and shoots harvested on October 30, 2016. The data were recorded on agronomic parameters and rice shoots and roots tissue analysis for various nutrients uptake/concentration. The data revealed that all strains of cyanobacteria had significantly (p < 0.05) ...
Ansaar Ahmed1, Imtiaz Hussain2*, Ibni Amin Khalil3, Subhanulla3, Gulzar Ahmed3, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Imtiaz2
...lat surface coupled with flood irrigation are used in irrigated maize–wheat system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province that requires skilled labor, intensive tillage and more water for irrigation. In this study, zero tillage and bed planting effect in comparison with farmer practice on maize-wheat system productivity was evaluated at five sites in district of Nowshera, KP province during 2014-2016. Maize grain yield with bed planting and manual planting ...
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...ewage systems as well as flooding some specific chemicals, which disrupt
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation....
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation....
Raza Ullah1* and Jamal Shah2
...es in rainfall patterns, floods, droughts and heavy rains etc. Farmers adopt available risk coping tools to minimize the impacts of such risks at farm level however, these adoptions require farmers to incur cost or forgo part of the potential benefits from agricultural production. These costs (explicit or implicit) are referred to as the cost of risk management. Previous studies on risk management in agriculture however have ignored such costs. The present stu...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
... Globe from droughts and floods, it is essential to design a strategy for the balanced usage of water resources for urban uses and agriculture. For such purpose, Precipitation regions were recognized in river Indus basin in Pakistan by examining the rainfall frequencies with the help of global wavelet power spectra. Records from 52 rain gauges were studied and the outcomes of the whole power spectra exhibited a low annual frequency all over the basin; whereas ...
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2*
...alanches, landslides and floods. These disasters inflict a heavy damage to the livelihood assets including crops, water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order to overcome these losses, communities apply short-term coping strategies by spending limited means and hard-earned cash reserves. These unsustainable strategies further exacerbate vulnerabilities and give way to new ones. Taking empirical example of Chitral, the study recommends to formulate...
Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali
...e vulnerable to rain and flood water. Programs at government and society level are required to control soil erosion. The objectives of this study are to seek the farm household willingness to pay (WTP) for forestation based soil conservation program on communal land in the Northern Area of Pakistan. Open-ended format of CVM is used for the elicitation of respondents’ WTP. For this purpose, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to elicit households...
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali2 and Muhammad Zulfiqar3
...hood of spring / monsoon floods and winter drought. ...
Mudassar Rashid1, Zuhair Husnain2, Usman Shakoor1* and Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1
...rainfall, precipitation, floods and drought etc. This paper has empirically examined the effect of climatic variations on cotton productivity in Pakistan. In order to evaluate the climate change, three climatic variables (rainfall, max. temp and min temp) and three non-climatic variables (technology, fertilizer and area) had been used for analysis. Historical climate data from 1981-2015, was collected from Pakistan Meteorological Department, while data of Tech...
Ghani Akbar
...scarcity due to frequent floods and droughts, decline in traditional springfed Kuhl (gravity channel) irrigation system, low productivity of crops and horticulture, less productive livestock, large postharvest losses and lack of value addition facilities are the main hurdles in utilizing the full potential of agriculture for achieving improved food security and better livelihood in this region. Lack of government spending and less available research facilities...
Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed
Usman Ghani*, Naeem Ijaz* and Daulat Khan**
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
...ncreasing danger of floods due to global warming. The overbank flow studies are important for understanding flow behavior and bed shear stresses during floods and for devising flood protection strategies. This study is based on three dimensional numerical simulation of overbank flows in meandering channels. Four different flow cases were considered. The cases vary from ...
Behram Khan1, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Said Qasim3, Atta-ur Rahman4
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATIONS TO FLASH FLOODS IN KHYBER AGENCY, FATA
...urrent devastating flash floods in Khyber Agency, FATA. The study is mainly based on both primary data sources including field observations, structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussions supported by secondary data sources. Three hundred adult residents in five sample villages along Chora River and its tributaries were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire which covered approximately 20% of the total households. Respondents’ perce...
Mehar Ul Nissa Rais1*, Tahmina Mangan1, Jam Ghulam Murtaza Sahito1 and Naeem Ahmed Qureshi2
A Trend Analysis: Forecasting Growth Performance of Production and Export of Chilli in Pakistan
...n be attributed to major floods, diseases attack, poor management practices and shortage of high yielding varieties. Sindh is major producer of chilli with 85 percent contribution in chilli production of Pakistan. Sindh and Balochistan provinces depicted a positive growth of 0.016 percent and 0.035 percent, respectively. Growth performance of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces portrayed negative growth rate -0.044 percent and -0.006 percent, respectively....
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
... cattle herdsmen attack, flood occurrence, transportation problem, poor storage facility, inadequate capital, lack of land/ tractor, poor price, high cost of chemical, inadequate fertilizer, lack of improved seed, inadequate extension officers, and lack of credit facilities. This study recommends that new innovations and technology that targets increased productivity should be promoted, provision of adequate extension officers is needed, input market supply fo...
Xinjian Wang1,2, Eryan Yang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*
...e lakes of Yangtze River floodplain are facing wetland degeneration and habitat loss. Daily activity rhythm, time budget and foraging pattern of wintering swans are the important presentation of behavioral strategy in response to habitat variations. We studied the behavior of Tundra Swan wintering in the wetland of Huangpi Lake from November 2012 to February 2013. Wintering individuals and water levels were surveyed every day. Instantaneous scan and focal anim...
Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1, Ashfaq Ahmed Sheikh2, Hashim Nisar Hashmi3, Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 and Muhammad Azeem Afzal1
...of Mithawan hill torrent flood water. The impact of constructing main dispersion distributor and management structures for equitable distribution in the Pachad area i.e. the plain area in the foot hills of Koh-e-Suleiman has been investigated. Management solution are proposed with design aspects without causing damages to prevailing infrastructure, without stoppage of Canal breaches, minimized damages to standing crops in command area, and will ensure improved...
Nusrat Habib
...uo;s perspectives. Flash floods, temperature rise, erratic rainfall, and land sliding were the main climatic hazards perceived by women. During the risks, the most vulnerable people were women and children. Women’s household activities burden doubled during the disaster days comparing with their male member’s counterparts. Women contribute significantly to adaptation and resilience to climatic extremes. The drivers of their resilience are hard work...
Hongbin Li1,2, Lei Fang1, 3 and Lei Cao1,2*
Faryal Malik, Mudassar Nawaz Khan* and Israr-ud-Din
...n: justify;">Wheat being flooding sensitive was analyzed for flooding response mechanism. Poorly drained fields and unexpected rains in the sowing and germination times lead to flooding stress. Wheat varieties namely Atta Habib, Siran and Ghanemat-e-IBGE were grown in glass house and studied for their flooding stress response and ability to recover after...
Shuangye Wang1,2, Yunlin Zhao1,2, Zhenggang Xu2,3,*, Junzhi Chen3, Guiyan Yang3, Song Wang2 and Kangkang Jiang2
...olygon method. A maximum flooded time index was calculated and the overlay analysis with seasonal home range data was employed. The results showed: (1) in seasons, the home range size of winter was the largest while it was the smallest in summer. It was also found that home range of dry and wet periods in 2017 was larger than in 2016 for the same period; (2) The milu population lived together in the released area. They even moved to outside of Dongting Lake in...
Ghani Akbar*, Zafar Islam, Muhammad Umar and Shahi Salam
...ng with 5 crop rows) and flood irrigated flat basin (FB) as control. The irrigation was scheduled at above field capacity (30kPa matric potential). The calibrated Aqua Crop FAO model was used for evaluating the root zone and atmospheric water balance and water productivity based on evapotranspiration (WPET). The field results indicated, comparable yield for the NB treatment but increased (2.4%) the water productivity based on irrigation input (WPi), saved (3%)...
Ifrah Amjad1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Muhammad Kashif1, Muhammad Noman1, Sajid Ali2, Rizwan Ahmed Shaikh3, Muhammad Babar4, Muhammad Asim Bhutta5 and Amna Bibi5
...ich are equally prone to floods and drought stress....
Asim Zubair1*, Zohaib Atta Mehdie2, Iffat Batool3, Ghulam Akbar Malik4 and Ayesha Aziz5
...ect of climate change is flood. Around 3.4 million hector area of agriculture damaged by flood during 2010 and2011 and now in 2022 same as previously 9.1 million acres agricultural land is affected by floods and now the flood situation is worse than the past. Being an agrarian country more than 70% labour force of Pakistan depends on the agriculture. Due...
Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani
...cluding soil erosion and flooding, which in turn trigger other natural phenomena and specifically the destruction of natural resources. According to findings of this research, poverty is a widespread issue. The statistics show that the population has very low income along with the other associated variables. In this context, we developed a well structure questionnaire and collect primary data from it and through descriptive analysis while collecting data from ...
Ehtesham Khan, Talha Ahmed, M. Irfan Anis* and Syed Ahsan Rehman
...ortage, pest or insects, flood etc. The system is used to cultivate high quality crops while gathering continuous data and use this data to further improve the quality and production. Sensors are used for the continuous monitoring of temperature, humidity and light Intensity. These sensors data is updated every minute (up to user) to achieve real-time monitoring of the plant’s environmental conditions. There is also an incorporation of Deep Learning algo...
Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3
... areas that are prone to flood or erosion. The results of this study can help inform strategies and water resource management policies to ensure the sustainable use of water resources in Iraq....
H. Morita , A. Uchino , Y. Inusah , A. Zakaria , Y. Tsujimoto and J.I. Sakagami
K. Miura,K. Matsushima,A. Ogawa,H. Morita
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...nge mitigation, soil and flood protection, wildlife habitat, water recharge, watershed conservation and water flow regulation, fodder, etc) are still not accounted properly. Therefore, this study was conducted to ascertain the carbon stock of Pinus gerardiana at the landscape level. The study was conducted in Chilghoza Forest of Suleman Range. Systemic sampling approach was adopted. The circular plots with a radius of 17.84 (0.1 Ha area) were used. In e...
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
...blems like soil erosion, flooding and also the degradation of forest resources. The data indicated that poverty is a wide spread phenomenon. According to the findings, the people are having very low income. Sherani District is mainly rural area i.e. Poverty is prevalent on larger scale. Although many people have migrated and are working in urban areas like moving toward Dubai and Arab Emirate for their livelihood. In the light of different observations it is c...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...f peace and development, flood control, mitigation of energy crises, Job opportunities for the world largest youth force of the country.
Pakistan is situated in the watershed of Indus river having 154 million acre feet annual run off. The Indus river not only serves as the lifeline of the country's agriculture but also capable as power machine of Pakistan. Indus has provided the world's oldest and largest canal Irrigation system to the co...
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
...onse to the catastrophic floods. The primary motive behind the imposition was to restore and improve the forest cover in critical watersheds. As an aftermath of 1992 floods and timber harvesting ban (THB), participatory forest management became popular to manage forest resources in a sustainable manner. Thus the government of NWFP started pilot testing of the concept through donor assisted projects in the designated forests ...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...cation, soil erosion and flooding of rivers, thus threatening the life on the planet earth.
The importance of soil conservation/watershed management was first realized in the sub-continent at the start of the 19th century but the systematic work on this started in 1954 under Erosion control and soil conservation project in NWFP. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held at Rio-de-Janerio, Brazil in June, 1992 approv...
Muhammad Afzal, Aqeela Mobeen Akhtar and M. Mahboob-ur-Rahman
... it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46oC, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51oC and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. Heat records were broken in Multan in June 1993, when the mercury was reported to have risen to 54oC. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy se...
G. R. Keerio
...f the area, intensity of floods, availability of seed and, the allocation of funds for carrying out the operations. The success of the operation is dependent upon proper aftercare and maintenance of the regeneration area specially the protection from grazing and trampling by animals during first year.
The main objective of re-producing this paper is to refresh the senior foresters about the technique and as guideline for juniors who have recently joi...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique and Saliheen Khan
...tensity and frequency of floods and increase the quantity and quality of water available for agriculture during the dry season.
...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
... generation, devastation floods, desertification, decline in agriculture productivity, loss of biodiversity and increase in environmental pollution. Reduced supply of irrigation water coupled with inadequate ground water recharge in dry and semi-arid regions is threatening agriculture productions and food security of Pakistan.
...
Fauzia Balqis Malik and Bashir Hussain Shah
...rsity and devastation by floods) ones. A population of over 126 million growing at an alarming rate of 3.1% does not permit to divert area from food crops to arboriculture and necessitates agroferestry (optional growing of trees and crops on the same land unit in temporal or/ and spatial arrangement) as a feasible option. This study is continuation of work on allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on two major varieties of wheat by the author f...
K. M. Siddiqui
...pread wood
scarcity and flood destruction caused by
deforestation were occurred in that part of the
world. The forests were considered essentially to
perform two broad but ill-defined functions e g.
productive and protective. In the case of developing
countries, scientific forest management was started
in the nineteenth century to supply timber and
other produce on sustained yield basis which
actually meant limber supplies for large works
such as r...
K. M. Siddiqui
...read wood
scarcity and flood destruction caused by
deforestation occurred in that part of the world.
The forests were considered essentially to perform
two broad but ill-defined functions e.g. productive
and protective. In the case of developing countries,
scientific forest management was started in the
nineteenth century to supply timber and other
produce on sustained yield basis which actually
meant timber supplies for large works such as
rail...
R. F. Fisher and Zahid Javid
.... ex. DC) is grown under flood irrigation on the
Indus Plain of Pakistan. This dinitrogen fixing tree enriches the soil in nitrogen and
improves the site upon which it is grown. The low C:N ratio, high summer temperatures
and irrigation lead to nitrification rates (7.14 mg NO3--N kg-1 soil 24 days-1). In addition, water logging leads to denitrification rates as high or higher than the nitrification rates.
Conse...
S. M. Chughtai, Jehandar Shah, Syed Zahir Shah and Sardar Hussain Shah
Abdur Rashid Tariq and Haji Moosa A. Tayab
...shed by tuft planting on flood irrigation with water containing up to 15000 ppm of dissolved salts....
Abeedullah Jan
...ture production was low, floods were too much and too many and famine was almost an annual feature. Natural resources were available but they were being exploited by the feudal lords and colonial masters. The lot of common man was therefore, miserable. Indiscriminate felings and other types of abuses inflicted on forests by the starving masses and the ruling classes through ages had depleted the forest resource to less than 10% at the time o...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...-cast sowing in receding flood water. Aerial seeding is being
increasingly employed since 1974. Yield regulation is by area. Areas threatened by river action are given the highest preference in cutting followed by burnt areas, dead-wood, windfalls and special purpose fellings and the balance of the year's prescribed yield is taken out of that year's coupe.The riverain areas now under the control of the Punjab Forest Department usually represent scattered land...
Iqbal Ahmad Alizai and Himayat Hussain Naqvi
...cological studies of the flood plains of Indus river near Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, were carried out and five plant communities were established.
...
Bahadur Ali Khan
...ountains. Numerous small flooded streams full of silt and mud join the river Indus, making the river Indus to transport huge amounts to the plains thus reducing life of Tarbela Dam and causing rise in the river bed. It has been estimated that 80% of water of river Indus comes in the form of flash floods, thus serves no useful purpose but damage. In 1968-69 a team of 14 watershed officers including seven foreign exp...
Javed Ahmad
...h system
is replaced by flood system of irrigation, and due care
is given to ploughing and leveling of the land either by
tractors or through forest lessees settled in the land
with suitable incentives.
...
Fadia W. Al-Azawi1* , Huda M. Hamid2, Husam Jasim Mohammed1 and Jan Muhammad3
...re reliable results than flood seasons. High correlation coefficients above 0.95 validated IDW for spatial interpolation to predict ROI rainfall data....
Saiqa Jehan1*, Tahir Sarwar1, Naveedullah1, Shahzad Khan Khattak2 and M. Jamal Khan3
...ere most affected by the floods. For field survey, random sampling method was used. A total of 212 respondents including farmers, personnel from government departments and NGOs were interviewed. The results of the survey revealed that almost all respondents were aware of climate change, which has effect on rainfall and seasonal temperature pattern of the area. Almost all the respondents reported that deforestation is the primary factor contributing to climate ...
