A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde
Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...sible ways to reduce the emission of Greenhouse gases in the region in order to ameliorate the effects of induced global warming on cowpea production in the country and also provide effective control of the identified pest in order to maintain or stall resurgence. ...
Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
...as non-significant. The remission of SLE manifestations was observed in prednisone treated group except renal damage. From the study it was concluded that gluten intake could worsen the clinical manifestations in SLE patients, therefore, administration of gluten free diet might be a better strategy for SLE patients. However, further confirmatory studies are required in this regard.
...
Falah Baiee1,3, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff1, Ariff Omar,2 Nurhusien Yimer1, Salman Hammadi1, Tarig Ahmedeltayeb1, Asmatullah Kaka4
...on (p = 0.003) and semen emission (p = 0.084) were improved using Method II than Method I. However, the total time taken for semen collection was the same in both methods. Also, there were no significant differences in semen parameters such as sperm volume, motility, morphology, viability, and concentration. In conclusion, gradation of electrical stimulation into three stages (our modified Method II) could help to ease the collection of semen samples from bull...
Kashifa Naghma Waheed1,2,*, Zaid Mehmood2 and Sikender Hayat1
Mohammed Al Bratty1, Hassan A. Alhazmi1, Somaya Jadoh Ogdi1, Jana Ahmad Otaif1, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab2, Mohammad Firoz Alam3 andSadique Akhtar Javed1,*
Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan
...ntation to cut short the emission of greenhouse gases were major recommendations. ...
Afzal Nimra1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Safdar Sidra 2, Rida Ahmad1
...ds, where high vehicular emissions probably emit trace metal pollutants.
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3
...ectricity worldwide. The emission of particulate matter pollution from biomass combustion has drawn significant attention because of its harmful effects on human health and environment. Consequently, it becomes important to have a simple and cost effective solution to avoid the problems of air pollution due to the combustion of biomass. Using an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) is an effective method for the removal of particulate matter from industrial proces...
Ahmad Hussain1*, Syed Murtuza Mehdi2, Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Adeel3, Mohammed Hassan Jabal4, Farid Nasir Ani4
INVESTIGATION THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASTOR OIL WITH MINERAL OIL BLENDS
... dioxide and hydrocarbon emission, when used in
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball tribotester method. In the
experiments, castor oil is blende...
such applications as lubricant in internal combustion engines and in industrial processes. In this paper, the impact
of mixing mineral oil at certain proportions with vegetable oil is discussed its use as commercial lubrication oil is
also outlined, The tribological attributes are investigated through the well known four ball tribotester method. In the
experiments, castor oil is blende...
Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...tement
of exhaust emissions. In current study, a direct injection (DI), CI engine was run on a test bench for the performance
and emission analyses using different nozzles and injection timings. During the experiments, two types of nozzles
known as sac and valve covered orifice (VCO) were used with hemispherical cavity and toroidal cavity pistons,
respectively. Besides an already existing set of s...
of exhaust emissions. In current study, a direct injection (DI), CI engine was run on a test bench for the performance
and emission analyses using different nozzles and injection timings. During the experiments, two types of nozzles
known as sac and valve covered orifice (VCO) were used with hemispherical cavity and toroidal cavity pistons,
respectively. Besides an already existing set of s...
M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4
LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...er litre. The energy and emission payback (EEP) period for vacuum chamber and solar collector
has also been presented. The energy payback period of solar collector and vacuum chamber are found to be 1.3
years and 1.5 years respectively. The emission payback period of solar collector and vacuum chamber are found to
be 1.8 years and 2.1 years respectively....
has also been presented. The energy payback period of solar collector and vacuum chamber are found to be 1.3
years and 1.5 years respectively. The emission payback period of solar collector and vacuum chamber are found to
be 1.8 years and 2.1 years respectively....
Muhammad Shahzad Khattak*1, Barkatullah1, Ayesha Aziz1, Jamil Ahmad2, Mohammad Sharif3, Mukand Singh Babel4, Muhammad Fahad5
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
...2040-2059) century under emission
scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The methodology employed here involves
the comparison of temperature and precipitation data projected by different GCM with the observed data. The delta
change and ratio method was used to obtain the corrected value of temperature and Precipitation (PPT) for the
future. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used t...
scenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The methodology employed here involves
the comparison of temperature and precipitation data projected by different GCM with the observed data. The delta
change and ratio method was used to obtain the corrected value of temperature and Precipitation (PPT) for the
future. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used t...
Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Hidayat Ullah Khan3, Abdul Shakoor4, Shahnaz Attaullah5, Kausar Shaheen1, Khan Alam3
TWO-PHOTON FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION CROSS-SECTIONS OF PHOTOSENSITIZER THIOXANTHONE TO FABRICATE CELL SCAFFOLD FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...tigates the fluorescence emission profile of Thioxanthone in Ethanol due to two photon absorption
excitation. Thioxanthone was investigated as Photosensitizer to fabricate cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A
Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also Incident Laser Power Effects were analyzed and
found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescen...
excitation. Thioxanthone was investigated as Photosensitizer to fabricate cell scaffold in Ethoxylated Bis Phenol A
Dimethacrylate for tissue repair in the field of biomedical. Also Incident Laser Power Effects were analyzed and
found that the Fluorescence Intensity increases with increasing Incident Laser Power, Io, and the emitted fluorescen...
Sajjad Ali1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Mohammed Sharif2, Hamad Khan1, Asmat Ullah3,
Abdul Malik1
PREDICTING FUTURE TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION OVER PAKISTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY
...CMs under A1B, B1 and A2 emission scenarios. To ensure the maximum possible spatial coverage, a total of 16
climatic stations in Pakistan were selected. Results indicated a temperature departure in the range of 1.3-2.7°C for
the mid century period, and a temperature departure in the range of 2.3-5.3°C for the end century period. Among
different provinces of Pakistan, Gilgit Baltistan, Northern and Southern Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhw...
climatic stations in Pakistan were selected. Results indicated a temperature departure in the range of 1.3-2.7°C for
the mid century period, and a temperature departure in the range of 2.3-5.3°C for the end century period. Among
different provinces of Pakistan, Gilgit Baltistan, Northern and Southern Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhw...
Faisal Shabbir*, Naeem Ejaz*, Daulat Khan**, Naveed Ahmad*, Jawad Hussain*, Muhammad Fiaz Tahir*
INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX
...unts for about
7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing
there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete. This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly replaced in th...
7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources
(gravel, sand, fine rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing
there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete. This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly replaced in th...
Syed Farasat Ali Shah*, Amjad Naseer**, Rashid Rehan**
USE OF RUBBER WASTE IN CONCRETE TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION- AN OVERVIEW
... burnt, which results in emission of harmful gases in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to reuse these rubber wastes to reduce environmental pollution. Rubber wastes can be used in concrete as a partial replacement of aggregates resulting in lightweight concrete. Using rubber wastes in concrete enhances the impact resistance, thermal insulation and sound insulation at affordable strength. This paper reviews the viable use of rubber wastes in concrete ...
Sikandar Bilal Khattak1*, and Iftikhar Hussain1
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENT CONSCIENCE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN USING SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO
...sp;is a source of carbon emissions and solid waste as well. The positive impact is more of a community or region based, whereas its contribution to climate change has a global spread. For years, environment-friendly construction, green buildings, lean construction, and sustainable construction has been portrayed as a possible alternative. However, the success factors for environment conscience construction differs in different regions. Identific...
Shakil Rehman Sheikh1*, Zafar Ullah Koreshi1, Nouman Ghafoor1, Muhammad Shahid Khalil1, Muzzamil Ghaffar1
MITIGATING CO2 EMISSIONS OF ACADEMIC BUILDINGS IN PAKISTAN USING ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES
...of Pakistan the CO2 emission savings come out to be substantial, amounting to 3.07 M tonnes annually.
...
Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3
MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...l of engine exhaust emissions and efficiency optimization. This paper investigates the effect of injection duration and ambient pressure on spray development, spray tip penetration (L) and cone angle (β) of biodiesel-diesel (20%/80%: v/v) blend (B20) and diesel, and hence compares the quality of the fuels. Both ‘L’ and ‘β’ play a key role in the fuel evaporation and mixing of fuel with air in the combustion...
Muhammad Ismail1, Tufail Ahmad2, Shamsher Ali2*, Shahid Ali1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Naveedullah3
Heavy Metals (Pb and Ni) Pollution as Affected by the Brick Kilns Emissions
...The effect of brickworks emissions on heavy metal content of soil and plants around the brick kiln chimneys was studied in 2009-2010. The research was carried out on Peshawar Ring Road’s south direction between chimneys of bricks preparation that were named A and B with distance of 300 m. The kilns were positioned such that Southern direction of chimney of A was north for the chimney B. A total of 36 (18+18) soil and wheat leaf samples were collected in ...
Imtiaz Hussain1, Azhar Mahmood Aulakh2, Muhammad Sohail1*, Khalid Hussain2, Ansaar Ahmed3, Abdul Hamid3 and Muhammad Imtiaz3
Impact of Zero Tillage on Productivity of Traditional Mung Bean-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan
... production cost and GHG emission. Farmer participatory field trials were carried out at six locations in Punjab province, a major Mung bean-Wheat cropping zone to evaluate zero tillage based crop production system in comparison to the traditional tillage. The findings revealed that zero tillage produced 13% and 9 % higher wheat and mung bean yield, correspondingly in comparison to conventional tillage practice. This improvement in grain yield with zero tillag...
Mohammad Hussain Haidary1, Rozanaliza Radzi1*, Muhammad Waseem Aslam1, Seng Fong Lau1, Farina Mustaffa Kamal2, Ahmad Rasul Radzali1
...ath, 3.5% (n=2) partial remission, and 22.8% (n=13) full recovery. Intralesional triamcinolone injection was able to manage FCGS in the short term. Serratiopeptidase or papain alone was not effective in the management of the FCGS.
Keywords | Feline chronic gingivostomatitis, FCGS, Caudal stomatitis, Halitosis, Dental extraction
...
Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1,2, Ninh Thi Huyen1,2, Nguyen Cong Oanh2, Pham Kim Dang2*
...y, and fecal NH3 and H2S emissions compared with CONT diet. There were no differences in performance parameters between the use of the single product and the combination. In general, a diet containing a combination of PROB and ORAC had larger effects on parameters observed than a diet containing either PROB or ORAC.
Keywords | Fecal noxious gas emission, Growth performance, Nutrient digestibility, Organic acid, Pig, ...
Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Irkham Widiyono3*, Bambang Suwignyo4, Amado A. Angeles5
...ted to excessive methane emissions that have a negative impact on the environment. It requires special attention to the loss of feed energy from the methane gas formation process. Public fretfulness agreed that the gas produced by ruminants is a big factor in the effects of global warming. Alternative the decrease in methane production from ruminants is by utilizing secondary metabolite compounds in plants. These studies are interesting to be continued and exp...
Soliman Mohammed Soliman
...slon Pro";">Methane emission from ruminants during the fermentation of feed represents a loss of energy and contribution of greenhouse gas. Feed additives are one of the various dietary strategies that have been used to mitigate and reduce methane production in dairy cows. This aimed to determine the effects of three varieties of feed additives (green seaweed, probiotics Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Yucca schidigera) on in-vitro total ...
Fan Da1,3, Zheng-Yong Wen1,2*, Xiao-Dong Wang4 and Yu Luo5
... acid metabolism and ROS emission in mammals. In contrast to mammals, the roles of this protein are still rarely known in fish. Here, we first identified the ucp2 gene in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli) and investigated its transcriptional changes in response to fasting and refeeding. The cDNA of pvucp2 was 1,193 bp long and possessed a 939 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 312 amino acids. Multiple protein sequences alignment revealed that UCP2 prot...
Assessment on Coffee Cherry Flour of Mengani Arabica Coffee, Bali, Indonesia as Iron Non-Heme Source
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi1, Erkata Yandri2, Yogo Adi Nugroho3, Mardiana Sri Susanti4,
Satriyo Krido Wahono5, Wahyu Widodo1, Lili Zalizar1, Elfi Anis Saati1, Maftuchah Maftuchah1,
Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum6, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh6, Dwi Yono3, Rangga Kala Mahaswa7,
Herry Susanto2, Damat Damat1*, Dyah Roeswitawati1, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani8 and
Susi Mindarti1
Hafiz Liaqat Ali1, Muhammad Tahir Hassan1*, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi2, Mehwish Arshad1 and Muhammad Mudassar Sharif3
... efficiency and decrease emissions over stoichiometric petrol engines. The ignitability and instability are the main issues of NG lean combustion. Adding hydrogen (H2) in NG can be a solution to lean NG combustion limits. Herein, the experimental research was accomplished to analyze the effect of hydrogen blending on the combustion, emission, and performance aspects of NG EQD210N-20 engines. The engine was run at ...
Shorouk Aladdin Helmy1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Mohamed Ahmed Hanafy1, Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud1, Reham Roshdy Ali El-tanany1
... diets to reduce ammonia emissions and modulate rumen fermentation. An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the effect of adding three different clay minerals in four levels of each, as follows: humic acid (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%); zeolite (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5%); or bentonite (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 %) with three different protein sources, (soybeans, sunflowers, or cottonseed meals) on a dry matter basis. All rations were incubated in a rumen cult...
Hui Xu1,*, Ronghua Luo1, Yaping Duan1, Mingjia Chen1, Jiaxu Zhou1 and Xiaoli Shao2
...ive effect, the time of remission of clinical symptoms (pulmonary rales, body temperature, cough), hospital stay, and adverse reactions, lung function [the forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1%), tidal volume (V-T), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC)], peripheral blood Th17, Treg, Th17/Treg cells, soluble B7 homolog 3 (sB7-H3), galectin 3 (Gal-3), and lung surfac...
Mutassim Abdelrahman1, Ibrahim Alhidary1, Majdi Bahaddi1,2, Mohsen Alobre1,3, Riyadh Aljumaah1 and Rifat Ullah Khan4, *
...y coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Results indicate that there is no significant difference (P >0.05) between the concentration of all the elements in all lambs’ tissues, except for the concentration of aluminum in kidney and rumen fluid, as well as Mn in rumen fluid. Moreover, Mn concentration in rumen fluid was significantly (P < 0.05) decrease with zeolite supplementation, with significantly lower values for lambs from T2 when compa...
Jaffar Hussain1*, Zeenat M. Ali1 and Syed Farman Ali Shah2
... prices, global warming, emission of green house gases and decrease the sources of fossil fuel are the major problems of these days. Due to increased population, urbanization and industrialization energy sources decrease gradually. Major portion of energy come from fossil fuel and to achieve the requirements of energy to find new source. Biodiesel is alternative renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic and eco-friendly of environment. Jatropha curcas is highly sour...
Chang-Man Kim1, Sam-Churl Kim2 , Young-Ho Joo2, In-Hag Choi3*
...xt-align: justify;">Odor emission from animal wastes such as manure and slurry seriously affects animal health, and their environment. The control technology for odor emissions is still needed. Thus, the objective of the current study was to evaluate aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as an acidifier to reduce odorous compounds from pig slurry, as well as microclimatic temperature variations and pig eye conditions in pig indoor facil...
Selvaraj Thanga Malathi¹, Venkatraman Anuradha1*, Mohamed Yacoob Syed Ali2, Muhameed Sajjad Sarwar3, Nagarajan Yogananth2
...ies (FESEM – field emission scanning electron microscopy) were useful in determining the effect of trace metal pollution and its effect in freshwater fish species.
Novelty Statement | The study is based on the hypothesis that the deposition and exposure of heavy metal lithium is arising as environmental threat. Lithium exposed fresh water fishes can accumulate the ingested lithium in their...
Roheela Yasmeen1,3* , Faheem Hafeez1 , Umme Ammara1 , Rubab Younas1 , Sibtain Ahmad2 , Zulfiqar Ali3, Zaheer Ahmad Nasir4
...us organic and inorganic emissions. The current study was designed to see the release of different metals from the poultry farms. Air samples both from indoor and outdoor along with the litter and feed samples of ten poultry houses were collected from the outskirts of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Poultry farms were varied in feed and grouped into three categories: Group A (using Feed A), Group B (using Feed B) and Group C (using Feed C). All collected samples we...
Xiaodong Lin*, Guangyao Wu and Fu Zhang
...ients were divided into remission stage(n=25) and active stage (n=33). Another 50 healthy people who did not have intestinal lesions at the same time were selected as controls. The immunohistochemically results demonstrated that occludin positive cells were mainly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of epithelial cells and glandular cells, with brownish yellow staining particles. The expression of occludin positive cells in the observation group was s...
A. U. Khan, S. Siddique and F. Naz
... for the study is due to emissions of vehicle exhaust which resulted in abnormal growth of trees lining the road. Six specie, namely Alstonia scholaris, Heterophragma adenophyllm, Mimusops elengi, Ficus
religiosa, Ficus bengalensis and Ficus infectoria growing along both sides of the road were compared with the same species of trees in a relatively cleaner atmosphere. Tree species growing along the Mall reveal departure in their morphological, r...
Danh Mo
... efficiency, and methane emissions. For reduced methane emission intensity, it is advised to maintain dietary F:C ratios between 1:3 and 2:2; however, studies on Wedelia as the forage at higher levels should continue.
Keywords | Goat, Wedelia, Forage, Concentrate, Utilization, Emission
...
Cristian Mendoza1*, Adriana Celi-Soto2, Ernesto Cañarte3 and George Cedeño-García2
... damaged roots, and leaf emission were assessed. There were fewer S. valida larvae and damaged roots in the treatments with fruitless bunches and fiber at 180 days and with leaves at 90 days after beginning the treatments, while in absolute control, the larval population rose over time. The application of physical barriers reduced the incidence of root borer attacks by 40% compared to areas where these measures were not implemented. The pruned leaves pl...
Muhammad Ardas Daruslam1, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Nancy Lahay3
...butors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHE). This gas is mainly produced from livestock waste such as poultry. These emissions can be overcome by enzymatic treatment, one of which is known as eco-enzyme (Ec-En). A total of 2 types of study objects were evaluated in this research, namely (1) related to the characteristics of Ec-En produced from 2 different types of vegetable waste, Kale (Ka) and Spinach (Sp) and (2) examining th...
Nadlirotun Luthfi1, Edy Rianto2*, Endang Purbowati2, Christina Maria Sri Lestari2, Agung Purnomoadi2, Nurul Mukminah3
...al fermentation, methane emissions, and nitrogen excretion of young and mature Kacang goats at different feeding levels. Sixteen goats were divided into two age groups (young and mature) and fed at either low feeding level (maintenance) or high feeding level (production). The ration contained 18% crude protein (CP) and 75% total digestible nutrients (TDN). Parameters evaluated included nutrient intake, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, rumen am...
Bilal Ahmed1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1*, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1 and Asep Setiaji1
...align: justify;">Methane emissions from livestock, particularly enteric methane, significantly contribute to global warming. As concerns about climate change intensify, the livestock sector, especially dairy and beef cattle, is under scrutiny for its substantial role in greenhouse gas emissions. The need for higher productivity has resulted in use of natural fermentation agents like Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can be metha...
Factors Affecting the Willingness to Adopt Biogas System at Small Pig Farms in Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Budi Guntoro1*, Nguyen Hoang Qui1,2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1,2 and Nguyen Van Vui2
... to reduce environmental emissions in pig farming. By analyzing the extended technology acceptance model (TAM extended), this study investigated the factors of social profiles, production characteristics, and perception of farmers affecting the acceptance of biogas systems in pig farms. The data showed that occupation, perceived usefulness, information awareness, social influence, and perceived cost were significant predictors of farmers’ willingness to ...
Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4
Nuttanun Leamkrajang, Somkiert Prasanpanich, K. Teepalak Rangubhet, Phongthorn Kongmun*
...C2:C3 ratio, and methane emissions (P<0.05). The 70:30 ratio demonstrated superior performance compared to the 100:0 ratio. Additionally, the interaction effect revealed that a 70:30 feeding ratio in swamp buffalo resulted in a significant increase in the populations of bacteria, fungi, and R. albus (p<0.001). The research indicates that the characteristics of rumen fermentation, digestibility, and the population of rumen microorganisms varying outcomes ...
