Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan
...d means of transport and communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. The study recommends that with the decrease in the size of holdings unemployment in the agriculture sector is likely to increase. There is a need to create off-farm employment opportunities. Agro based industries seems to potential area to generate employment opportunities. Simultaneously there is need for initiating skill d...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1
...nfrastructure and latest communication technologies so that extension workers may have far reaching approach to disseminate the improved technologies and give benefit to the farmers.
...
Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...d means of transport and communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. In developed villages of two districts, average per month income of sample small farmers from farm output was higher than the undeveloped villages of these districts due to the high sale price of vegetables grown on large area and more milk production. Similarly, in developed villages income from off-farm employment was more...
Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8
...he healthcare, transport communication, education and other consumptions have a relatively lower correlation with the rural households’ per capita income. The prediction accuracy grade is good for all per capita income and rural households’ consumption except the educational consumption grade that is just qualified. Finally we can forecast the future development trend of rural households’ consumption structure and income level. By means of th...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad**, Badar Naseem Siddiqui***, Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hassan****, Ijaz Ashraf**, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan***** and Aijaz Kuharoo******
COMMUNICATION OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH GROUP CONTACT METHODS IN PAKISTAN
...d in 2012 to examine the communication of agricultural information through group contact methods in Pakistan. Data were collected from 280 randomly selected farmers of four districts and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Survey method was used for data collection by researchers using a pre-tested research instrument. The results of the study show that sources of agricultural information used by the farmer respondents were seed/ fertilizer dealers, worksho...
Naveed Jehan*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla**, Muhammad Shahzad*, Abid Hussain**, Muhammad Zahoor*, Majid Khan* and Ahmed Bilal*
USE OF MOBILE PHONES BY FARMING COMMUNITY AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY
...p; In Pakistan, telecommunication tools like television, radio and mobile phone are playing important role in agriculture productivity enhancement, growth and farmers’ prosperity. Mobile phone helps farmers in getting information about commodity prices in different markets. The farmers can get up-to-date information about various markets in different regions and can accordingly arrange transportation and labor services in time. The study was conduct...
Muhammad Asif Jamil*, Nowshad Khan*, FarhatUllah Khan* and Muhammad Zakria*
EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION TO THE FARMING COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT BHIMBER, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
...ere effective methods of communication. The study concluded that other sources of information i.e., relatives, friends were more influential in bringing changes in the behavior of the respondents and solving the problems of farm related issues. It was found that 38% of the aware respondents yield was 50% greater than unaware farmers. It was also concluded that 80% of the respondents had increased the production of wheat while 80.67% had increased the productio...
Arshia Naeem*, Maria Anjum*, Mariam Rehman*, Zahid Mahmood** and Muhammad Asif Kamran**
AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM TO FACILITATE FARMERS IN WHEAT, SUGARCANE AND OTHER CROP DISEASES IDENTIFICATION
...lopment with information communication technology (ICT). In developing countries such as Pakistan, economy largely depends on agriculture. Therefore, the need to move from conventional ways of farming to easy, effective and efficient smart solutions are required to minimize yield losses in crop plants. An integrated application to facilitate farmers to communicate their crop related issues directly to agriculture scientists is proposed. This 'AXPERT Platform' ...
Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****
NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...partment and information communication technologies to further inform and train the farmers about disasters and disaster associated risks....
Sadaf Noveen1*, Shaista Habib Ullah2, Babar Alam3
...speech sounds for verbal communication along with performance of its primary functions. Its defects can decrease intelligibility of speech while affecting production of phonemes. Description of this relationship is important for etiologic diagnosis and treatment planning among children without any disability or ignored craniofacial deformities. Studies highlighting this relationship are rare to none in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aims to detect the type an...
*Nageen Fatima1, Sadia Murawwat1 and Syeda Ameena Rizvi1
EVALUATION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF TRUE COMPRESSION ON 2-D IMAGE
...e in advance multimedia, communication and graphical systems is used to minimize storage requirements and transmission cost. It increases transmission rate by decreasing redundancy of image data in either lossy or lossless compression means. In this research work, comparison of compression techniques is done using Compression Ratio (CR) and Bit-Per-Pixel (BPP) ratio as performance parameters. Image compression by Huffman encoding, Embedded Zero tree Wavelet (E...
Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem
...health and transport and communication sectors for agricultural growth ...
Seth Robertson
...ret and utilize indirect communication with ease and alacrity. In this paper, I introduce and discuss the concept of nunchi with a focus on two main senses in which it is used: as a skill and as a burden. Then, I discuss the relation of nunchi to well-being and flourishing, both in specifically Korean cultural contexts and in social contexts more generally. Finally, I argue that because of nunchi’s close relation to well-being and flourishing, that there...
Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4
...se of the remoteness and communication gap with the rest of the country. Therefore, this study is an effort to compare and analyze the impacts of KKH on the land use and Agricultural development of Gilgit-Baltistan before and after the construction of KKH. Results show a significant change in land use and development in the agriculture sector after the construction of KKH. However, still, the land use and agriculture sectors need Government attention in land u...
Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2 and Farrah Melissa Muharam2
Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4
...ormation facilities, telecommunication, affordable public transport system, and comfortable accommodation for the tourists. In the past few years, the development of this tourists’ spot has been neglected in the public development budget. Moreover, due to the war against militancy in Swat, the frequency of tourists was declined in the valley. As a consequence, the livelihoods of the local population were adversely affected. As public financial resources ...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...n, health, transport and communication for increasing Pakistan’s economic growth. ...
Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...d means of transport and communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. Furthermore, in developed villages average per month income of small farm households from farm output was higher than the underdeveloped villages due to the high sale price of vegetables grown on large area and more milk production. Similarly, in developed villages income from off-farm employment was more than underdeveloped...
Yue Qin Song, Hui Zhong Sun* and Jun Feng Dong
...r studying the olfactory communication system of Y. signatus.
...
Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...ed through better use of communication among relevant stakeholders. The existing extension and communication strategies used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have many limitations. The present study was thus conducted to compare and analyze the farmers’ perceptions regarding use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in agriculture extension at three selected districts of ...
Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2
AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
...ctive in terms of
communication and computation cost, and key establishment delay, hence conserves energy and enhances security....
communication and computation cost, and key establishment delay, hence conserves energy and enhances security....
Gulzar Ahmad, Muhammad Inyatullah Babar, Muhammad Irfan
A NOVEL WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN KU-BAND
...n proposed for satellite communications. The bandwidth has been increased using parasitic patches. The size of the proposed antenna is 15x8 mm2. It has been observed that the antenna has a bandwidth of 4.08GHz, a return loss of 49.07 dB at the center frequency, a maximum gain of 8.25 dBi and total efficiency of more than 90%. This antenna can be prospective candidate for satellite communications....
Gulzar Ahmad1*, M. Inayatullah Babar1, M.Irfan1
A NOVEL WIDEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN KU-BAND
...n proposed for satellite communications.
The bandwidth has been increased using parasitic patches. The size of the proposed antenna is 15x8mm2. It has
been observed that the antenna has a bandwidth of 4.08GHz, a return loss of 49.07dB at the center frequency, a
maximum gain of 8.25dBi and total efficiency of more than 90%. This antenna can be prospective candidate for
satellite communicatio...
Shaukat Ali*, Shah Khusro*, Laiq Hasan**, Asif Ali Khan**
A SURVEY OF MOBILE PHONES CONTEXT-AWARENESS USING SENSING COMPUTING RESEARCH
...as the key computing and communication platforms for performing individual's daily activities but have turned them into global sensing devices as well. Mobile phones sensing is a novel mobile phones context-aware computing paradigm enabling mobile phones to discover and capture peoples' contextual information, paving the way for the development of cutting-edge context-aware applications. Mobile phone sensing is old wine in a new bottle, hav...
Muhammad Qasim*, Mohib Ahmad*, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar*, Shahid Bashir*,
Farah Mahmood*, Zeeshan Sabir*
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS ON EFFICIENCY OF PHYSICAL LAYER DEPLOYED FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
... overall quality of data communication. The issue of quality is also important in the context of saving energy of nodes involved in wireless sensor network communication. Poor quality of communication puts constraint on the already existing energy sensitive nature of wireless sensor networks. This research work is focused on investigation of critical parameters and their eff...
Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
...n: justify;">Cooperative communication has gained a lot of interest due to its ability to exploit the spatial diversity or antenna diversity. The implementation of the cooperative relaying systems involves less hardware and low complexity but gives comparable performance and diversity gains to the actual multiple antenna systems. The aim of this paper is to compare various techniques used in cooperative relaying protocols. The performance i...
Syed Mufeed Hadi Naqvi1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui1, Waqar-Ul-Hassan Tareen1, Muhammad Ameer Qarib Naqvi2 and Naseeb Hussain3
Usage of Mobile Phone by Vegetable Growers and its Impact on Vegetable Production
...the collaboration of telecommunication agencies about the applications of mobile handset that will help the grower to increase their production. There is a need to provide trainings to the vegetable growers about using of mobile phone for obtaining reliable and authentic information about vegetables producing for enhanced production....
Gulzar Ahmad1, M. Inayatullah Babar2
AN EFFICIENT PATCH ANTENNA WITH IMPROVED BANDWIDTH FOR FUTURE APPLICATIONS
...and other fields of communications in future. The size of the antenna is very small and will definitely require a small space in the electronic equipment. An efficient substrate material was employed in the antenna that is known as Preperm L-450. Dielectric constant of this mentioned material is 4.4 and its height or thickness is 1.64mm. Different methods were engaged to expand its bandwidth from 9.07GHz to 13.13GHz. The reflection coeffici...
Ahmad Khan1*, Yasir Mehmood2
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET OF THINGS IN MOBILE NETWORKS
...ture. Different wireless communication technologies can be used for interconnecting MTC devices (MTCDs), but the cellular mobile networks are almost available everywhere and therefore it is considered the best mean for interconnecting MTCDs. The cellular mobile networks are primarily designed for providing broadband services while most of the MTC data traffic is narrowband. Several types MTCDs send data in the form of small packets. It is e...
Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1
A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...ly, most of them rely on communication
link. In this work a localized/communication free signal generating mechanism is proposed. The mechanism injects the transient reactive power in frequency droop characteristics by observing the changes in microgrid. This injection disturbs the actual active power sharing which is helpful for the computation of reactive power sharing err...
Amjad Ali1, Hong Luo1, Khalid Saifullah Syed2, Muhammad Ishaq2
A PARALLEL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN CODE FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWS ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
...exploited for hiding the communications behind the computations. The parallel performance of the developed code on an Ethernet based cluster, in terms of speedup is demonstrated.
...
Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**
CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...p;(SIMO) cellular mobile communication systems in interference limited environment. The performance is analyzed by calculating the ergodic capacity and hence the spectral efficiency for Rayleigh fading SIMO channel in the presence of unequal power Rayleigh fading co-channel interferes. Expressions for evaluating system’s capacity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) are presented. The analytical results are verified by developing Monte...
S.W. Shah*, M.I. Babar*, L. Khan**, M.N. Arbab*, H. Ullah*** and R.A. Syed***
RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
...tation of reliable group communication in Java. The underlying delivery mechanism for multicast is presently based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) that provides a “best effort” delivery service. Best effort implies that IP packets are treated with essentially equal weight, and while IP makes an effort to deliver all packets to their destination, packets may occasionally be delayed, lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. On...
Faruk Çolak1 and Ferhat Matur2,3,*
... We suggest that seismic communication by drumming may be used to recognize conspecifics within the same cytotype or species.
... 
Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Arshad Ullah2 and Muhammad Talha Bilal3
Dynamics of Salinity and Land Use in Punjab Province of Pakistan
...of houses, and harming tocommunication and transport. The study in hand was designed to investigate the impact of salinity on irrigated area, uncultivated area and wheat area in Punjab using panel data of four agriculture census conducted in1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 in all districts of Punjab. Fixed and random effect model was applied on panel data of Punjab. The area left uncultivated by farmer due to presence of salinity was found to be significantly and pos...
Muhammad Saeed Shah1, Fazal Nasir2, Sana Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Tahir Khan2*
...ly, the coordination and communication among various robots are established based on the concept of immune system, idiotypic network theory and clonal selection theory. The developed methodology is successfully implemented through simulation. The experiments show that the simulated robots completed all tasks effectively.
...
Muhammad Amir1*, Syed Waqar Shah1, Salman Ilahi1 and Michael J. Pont2
Integrating TTC-SC5 and TTC-SC6 “Shared-Clock” Protocols
...col was used for network communications. Previously we have demonstrated that both new protocols in their individual capacities have the potential for addressing issues relating to Time-Triggered Cooperative (TTC) scheduling, Time Triggered bus-based CAN networks and the Single Point of Failure (SPF) hypothesis in star networks. In this paper, we present a mechanism for integrating the properties of both protocols in one. We present an amalgamation of protocol...
Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Bashir* and Salman Ilahi Siddiqui
Beam Steerable and Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Networks
...figurable antenna for 5G communication system using three 1×8 element antenna arrays with defected ground structure has been presented. Frequency reconfigurability has been achieved by placing two switches inside an etched slot on patch antenna, which resulted in a matched bandwidth of 5.29 GHz (24.13 to 29.42 GHz). Beam steering has been achieved by placing the proposed antenna array along three different edges of a mobile phone and energizing only one ...
Muhammad Yaseen1, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Raheel Saqib3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan5 and Tahir Munir Butt6
...t media, and information communication technologies (ICTs) gadgets to get the latest information necessary for agricultural productivity. This study aimed to explore the patterns of farmers to access and receive information from different sources. A well-structured and expert reviewed interview schedule was used to collect data from farmers from Huailai county. A total of 122 interviews were conducted for the collection of data. Data were recorded using EpiDat...
Muhammad Suhail Ibrahim1*, Asif Ahmad1, Anwaar Ahmed1, Amer Mumtaz2, Muhammad Javaid Asad3, Saqib Jabbar2, Ahmad Mujtaba1 and Muhammad Nadeem4
... Finally, risk of unsafe communication is required for management and prevention of consumer-based food borne illness, most prevailing illness. We ignore food safety challenges at our peril as potential consequences of a lapse are huge; keeping the food supply safe is a never-ending task....
Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan
...ation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for availing agricultural information in the research area. District Charsadda was the universe of the study and Multi Stage Sampling technique was used to select respondents from three selected villages of Tehsil Shabqadar of District Charsadda, namely Hajizai, Katozai and Battagram. Through Proportional Allocation Technique a sample of 112 respondents on basis of 10% of total 1120 registered farmers ...
Pir Meher Ali Shah1*, Shahryar Shafique Qureshi1, Rizwan Aslam Butt2, Haider Ali3 and Shahid Khan4
...ponential rate. A robust communication network is required that provide high-capacity communication and integrate wired and wireless communication devices without creating bottlenecks. This work proposes a passive optical network (PON) architecture to ensure high-capacity paths between the densely deployed remote radio units (RRUs) with baseband units (BBUs) in 5G network architecture. Ort...
Jan Clyden B. Tenorio
... importance of effective communication, collaborations and partnerships within the paradigm are subsumed herein.
Keywords | Community Health, Environmental Health, Neglected Tropical Diseases, One Health, Veterinary Public Health
...
Zunping Ke1, Chao Li2, Qiang Liu3, Gang Bai4, Junfeng Wang5, Ming Zhou5 and Xiao Dong5,*
...fistula is reported. The communication of fistula arising from the proximal left circumflex coronary artery was discovered by routine coronary artery angiography before correction surgery. The patient then underwent TOF correction surgery. Considering the significance of the fistula, it better be found out and ligated prior to cardioplegic arrest in the surgery. Although extensive searching, the anomaly communication cannot ...
Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Asif Nawaz3*
...ile phones decreased the communication gap (88%) between the farmers and agricultural extension department. The agricultural advisory services provided through mobile phones have improved the knowledge level of farmers in crop varieties selection (84%), sowing time (79%), land preparation (82%), fertilizer application (83%), pesticides/insecticides application (79%), irrigation (76%) and weedicide (71%). Moreover, the knowledge level of beneficiary farmers als...
Syed Wajahat Husain Jaafry1* and Amber Fatima2
...tion in plants and plant communication, the current state of knowledge, and future perspectives. It has been established that species identification and communication between plants exist through many mediums like damage induced warnings, call for predators, root secretion, and volatile signaling. We found that most of the research has been executed in a controlled environment with a continuous supply of nutrients and water;...
Shandana* and Ayesha Khan
Olatokunbo Hammed Osinowo1*, Maria Gbemisola Ogunnaike1 and Esther Toluwatope Tolorunju2
..., human capital, and telecommunications technology. The results of this study show that, despite an increasing trend in agricultural technology improvements, poverty is still a regional problem in West Africa. It was noted that the value added by agriculture (as a percentage of GDP) was increasing at a decreasing rate. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that West Africa’s high rate of poverty has a significant linear influence on agricultural develop...
Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5
...ersonal, vocational, and communication variables of the respondents, and the second part included a knowledge test to measure the level of knowledge of agricultural extension workers in the Domain of climate changes. The data was analyzed by using the SPSS program to extract arithmetic averages and percentages, the simple correlation coefficient and rank correlation of Spearman. The results showed that the degree knowledge of agricultural extension workers in ...
Cristina Stanca Moise1*, Cornelia Chimisliu2, Mihaela Arinton3, Tom Brereton4 and George Moise1
...evious work and personal communications of Cornelia Chimişliu (2010-2019), Mihaela Arinton (2003) and N. Olenici (2018). After collation of all data sources, 225 locations for the species were identified in 37 counties (each containing Natura 2000 sites) along with Bucharest City. Based on these data we have drawn a map of the distribution of this species in Romania’s nine regions, also considering the collecting period. Considering the gaps in studying...
Faisal Khurshid1*, Asad Ullah1 and Sana Manan2
...at access to information communication technology facilitated its adopters in timely awareness of market information and government subsidies to boost their motivational level and let them persuade a favourable attitude towards agricultural innovations. Awareness raising among farmers for efficient use of ICTs for accessing innovation technological and encasing subsidies hired by the government alongside other information updates were the main recommendation i...
Ayesha Bakhtiar1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti3*, Shabir Ahmad2, Naqash Khalid2, Javed Iqbal5, Azra Nadeem4 and Waqas Ahmad1
...population distribution, communication infrastructure, and climate....
Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2
... of road infrastructure, communication, storage and market facilities, no information about product price, negative role of middleman and informal money lending process. Based on these findings this study made following recommendations. Road, communication and storage facilities should be built in the study areas. Villager’s access to information about certain NTFP price and its market should be enhanced through radio ...
Laikun Ma1,2, Jiaojiao Wang1, Shanshan Lyu2 and Jianhua Hou1*
...y function in short-term communication....
Iftikhar Alam1*, Sumbal Ali1, Anwar Ali Shad2, Aneela Tahmeed1, Hafsa Nawaz1, Shumail Bakht1 and Muhammad Farooq3*
...oping a story for health communication. A big challenge usually faced by a health story writer or developer while compiling the story maybe being evidence-based vs. staying true to the story. While understanding literary elements are essential for a health story and while there are numerous tools available to evaluate the scientific evidence presented in health story, no tool is available that can assess the literary parameters of a health story. Therefore, th...
Karima Akool Al-Salihi1*, Luay Jumaah Jihad2, Abbas Najm Aldin Saleh3
...e tools for lectures and communication with lecturers. A variation appeared in the assessment of the online education Theoretical and Practical Veterinary subjects evaluations, including 6.40%, 13.40%, 19.77%, 25.67%, 34.76%, and 3.30%, 5.30%,18.70%, 25.60%, and 47.10% respectively for scores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (poorly, slightly, reasonably, noticeably, significantly affected). In conclusion, this study approved that COVID-19 lockdown adversely affected animal and ...
Kamran Ishaq1, Amir Sultan2*,Nazar Khan3 and Rahim Shah4
