Sublethal Dose Impact of λ Cyhalothrin on Life Table Parameters of Ladybird Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Reveals Tolerance in Field Population
Sublethal Dose Impact of λ Cyhalothrin on Life Table Parameters of Ladybird Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Reveals Tolerance in Field Population
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Muhammad Arshad2, Sohail Akhter3,
Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan1, Muddassir Ali1 and Arshad Makhdoon Sabir1
Fig. 1.
Effect of λ cyhlothrin on age stage specific survival rate (Sxj) of Coccinella septumpunctata.
Fig. 2.
Effect of λ cyhlothrin on age stage specific life expectance (exj) of Coccinella septumpunctata.
Fig. 3.
Effect of λ cyhlothrin on age stage specific reproductive rate (Vxj) of Coccinella septumpunctata.
Fig. 4.
Effect of λ cyhlothrin on age stage specific survival rate (lx), age stage specific fecundity (fxj), age specific fecundity (mx), and age specific maternity (lxmx) of Coccinella septumpunctata.
June 2023
Vol. 55, Iss. 3, Pages 1003-1500
