Research Article

Mono- and Mixed Invasions of Socially Dangerous Nematodes toxocara Canis and Ancylostoma caninum in Dogs in Rural and Urban Settlements in the Region North Caucasus and the Results of Tests Against them of New Drugs

Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova1*, Kheda Khalitovna Dadaeva1, Roza Said-Akhmedovna Zakhkieva1, Khasan Khamitovich Shakhbiev1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2

1Department of Physiology and Anatomy of Man and Animals, Veterinary Medicine and Zoo engineering , Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Chechen State University”, Grozny, Russia; 2Department of Parasitology and Veterinary Sanitary Expertise, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin, Moscow, Russia.

Editor | Muhammad Imran Rashid, Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Received | November 12, 2022; Accepted | December 25, 2022; Published | Deccember 29, 2022

*Correspondence | Zarema Alimsultanova Magomedova, Department of Physiology and Anatomy of Man and Animals, Veterinary Medicine and Zoo engineering , Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Chechen State University”, Grozny, Russia; Email: [email protected]

Citation | Magomedova ZA, Dadaeva KK, Zakhkieva RSA, Shakhibiev IK, Laipanov BK (2022). Mono- and mixed invasions of socially dangerous nematodes toxocara canis and ancylostoma caninum in dogs in rural and urban settlements in the region north caucasus and the results of tests against them of new drugs. J. Adv. Parasitol. 9(1): 56-61.

DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.jap/2022/9.1.56.61

ISSN | 2311-4096

Copyright: 2022 by the authors. Licensee ResearchersLinks Ltd, England, UK.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

INTRODUCTION

In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, such epidemiological threats to humans as toxocariasis, ankylostomоsis, etc. are the most common nematodes of a zoonotic nature and are found in dogs with an EI of 63-90%, which requires the development of new drugs for the treatment and prevention of invasions (Humphries et al., 2013; Uspensky et al., 2014; Bittirov et al., 2018). (//parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com,2019).There is information in the literature that Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum infections in dogs are a global biological threat to humanity. According to the WHO at the UN in the world, 950 million people are infected with larval toxocarosis annually, and up to 600 million people are infected with larval Ancylostoma caninum infection. Myositis caused by larvae Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum is a serious illness for humans (Kabardiev et al., 2016; Zalikhanov et al., 2018; Bittirov et al., 2013; Humphries et al., 2017). At the same time, the dog is the main source of these dangerous infestations. Toxocarоsis and ankylostomоsis infections in dogs have a very wide biogeography. The Nosological area of these zoonoses covers continental territories, i.e. countries of Africa, Europe, Asia, North America, Latin America, Australia, Oceania. In young dog populations, nematodes of zoonotic etiology (Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum) have an epizootic manifestation with the formation of mixed invasions (Humphries et al., 2011; Magomedov et al., 2015), (https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.002419, 2019).

Purpose - to study the Nosological profile of nematodes in dogs in rural and urban settlements in the region North Caucasus and to test the effectiveness of new drugs: 1. tableted Helmicide F and 2.fenbenthal powder 50% at mixed invasion of intestinal nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in dogs (toxocarosis and аnkylostomоsis). 3. of Mebentfen powder 50% of associative invasions of T. canis and A. caninum in dogs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In 2017-2020, the prevalence of mono- and associative invasions of nematodes of a zoonotic nature in dogs in rural and urban settlements in the North Caucasus region was determined. For this, a complete helminthological autopsy was carried out on 50 corpses of dogs aged 5-12 months in rural and urban settlements according to the method of K.I. Scriabin (1928). In the first series of experiments to test the anthelmintic activity of the new tableted Helmicide F in mixed invasion of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum, 25 dogs were carried out. 2 experimental (n = 10) and 1 control (n = 5) groups of dogs were formed. Dogs of the 1st group (n = 5), infected with mixed invasion of nematodes, received a new tableted Helmicide F at a dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight with minced meat, dogs of the 2nd group (n = 10) at a dose of 70 mg / kg of body weight body once. Dogs of the 3rd group (n = 5) served as an invasive control; they did not receive a new tableted Helmicide F. According to the experimental plandays after that. With a single administration of a new tableted Helmicide F with the excrement of all dogs, copra and larvoscopy. In a second series of experiments, the effectiveness of the new powder formulation Fenbental 50% was tested for mixed invasion of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum infections also in 25 dogs. 2 experimental (n = 10) and 1 control (n = 5) groups of dogs were formed. Dogs of the 1st group (n = 10), affected by mixed invasion of intestinal nematodes, received a new composition of Fenbental powder 50% at a dose of 60 mg / kg of live weight with minced meat, dogs of the 2nd group (n = 10) at a dose of 75 mg / kg mass, once. Dogs of the 3rd group (n = 5) served as invasive control; they did not receive the medicine. According to the experimental plan, coprоvoscopy was performed 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after a single feeding with a new composition of Fenbental 50% powder with excrement of all dogs.

In the third series of experiments, the effectiveness of the new composition of Mebentfen powder 50% was tested for mixed invasion of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum infections in 13 dogs. 2 experimental (n = 10) and 1 control (n = 3) groups of dogs were formed. Dogs of the 1st group (n = 5), affected by mixed invasion of nematodes, received a new composition» of Mebentfen powder 50% at a dose of 50 mg / kg of live weight with minced meat, dogs of the 2nd group (n = 5) at a dose of 70 mg / kg live weight, once. Dogs of the 3rd group (n = 3) served as invasive Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum control; they did not receive the medicine. According to the experimental plan, coprovoscopy was also carried out 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after a single feeding with the new composition of Mebentfen powder 50% with excrement of all dogs. The results of dog tests with the new tableted Helmicide F, the new Fenbental 50% powder and the new Mebentfen 50% powder with associative invasion Toxocara canis and A. caninum were statistically analyzed using the program Biometrics.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Distribution Of Mono-And Mixed Invasions Of Nematodoses Of Dogs In Rural And Urban Settlements In The Region Of North Caucasus

Intestinal nematodoses dog of zoonotic etiology (Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum) «…research found that in the form of mono- and mixed invasions are widespread» in rural and urban settlements in the region North Caucasus with a total EI of 68, 00% (Table 1, 2). Monoinvasion of Toxocara canis in dogs in rural settlements was registered with EI =18.00% and II = 173.814,5 ekz. per 1 head, ankylostomоsis (Ancylostoma caninum), respectively, with EI – 14,00% and II - 136.211,7 ekz. per 1 head. Associative invasion caused by the nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in rural settlements was observed mainly with EI = 36,00 % with an intensity of Toxocara canis 138,912,6 ekz./head; Ancylostoma caninum 115,611,3 ekz./head (Table 1).

Table 1: Distribution of mono-and mixed invasions of zoonotic nematodoses of dogs in rural settlements in the region of North Caucasus, n = 50

Table 2: Distribution of mono-and mixed invasions of nematodoses of dogs in urban settlements in the region of North Caucasus, n = 50

EI monoinvasion of toxocarosis (Toxocara canis) in urban settlements in dogs was registered with =12.00% and II = 125.411,7 ekz., ankylostomоsis (Ancylostoma caninum), respectively, with EI – 8,00% and II - 103.69,8 ekz. per 1 head. EI associative invasion caused by the nematodes in urban settlements was observed mainly with - 24,00 % with an intensity of 113,210,0; 86,97,5 ekz./head (Table 2).

At autopsy in dogs of the small intestine, the «…highest quantitative values of EI were for mixed invasions of the zoonotic nematodes, but with low values of intensity», which confirms the hypothesis of interspecific competition between childbirth Toxocara and Ancylostoma.

Efficacy Of The New Of Tableted Helmicide F With Associative Invasions Of Zoonotic Etiology Toxocarosis And Ankylostomоsis In Dogs

The composition of the new tableted Helmicide F in 1 g includes: albendazole - 300 mg by ADV, fenbendazole - 200 mg by ADV, cobalt chloride - 50 mg, nutrigal - 150 mg, bipolarized bentonite - 300 mg». In the first series of experiments, «…the first experimental group of dogs (n = 10) infected with a mixed invasion of a zoonotic etiology (Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum) in a mixture with minced meat» was injected with a new tableted Helmicide F at a dose of 50 mg / kg body weight showed EE - 90.0% and IE - 95.5% (Table 3).

In the 2nd group of dogs (n = 10) infected with the mixed invasion of T. canis and A. caninum, the new tableted Helmicide F at a dose of 70 mg / kg body weight by ADV had EE and IE - 100%. At the same time, on the 5th day the deworming of eggs and larvae nematodes of zoonotic etiology in feces did not detect. This dosage of new tableted Helmicide F should be recognized as an effective therapeutic dose (Table 3).

Group 3 dogs (invasive control, n = 5) remained infected with intestinal nematodes of zoonotic etiology when detecting 97,98,3-98,38,6 ekz. eggs in 4-5 g feces.

Thus, the new tableted Helmicide F a dose of 70 mg /kg of body weight, mixed with minced meat, is highly effective in experiments and is recommended for the treatment and prevention of associative invasions of intestinal nematodes of zoonotic nature Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in dogs.

Efficacy Of The New Composition Of Fenbental Powder 50% With Associative Invasions Of Zoonotic Etiology Toxocarosis And Ankylostomоsis In Dogs

The new composition of Fenbental powder 50% in 1 g includes: fenbendazole - 250 mg by ADV, albendazole - 250 mg by ADV, cobalt chloride - 50 mg, chelate copper - 50 mg, velomin powder - 100 mg, bilogized bentonite - 300 mg.» In the second series of experiments, the first experimental group of dogs (n = 10), infected with a mixed invasion of intestinal nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma

Table 3: Efficacy of the new tableted Helmicide F by ADV with associative invasions of intestinal nematodes (T. canis and A. caninum) in dogs

Table 4: Efficacy of the new composition of Fenbental powder 50% by ADV with associative invasions of intestinal nematodes of zoonotic etiology (T. canis, A. caninum) in dogs

lostoma caninum mixed with minced meat, were fed a new composition of Fenbental powder 50% at a dose of 60 mg / kg. body mass. The «…drug with a single appointment showed» EE made up- 90.0% and IE - 96.8% (Table 4).

In the 2nd group of dogs (n = 10) infected with the mixed invasion of T. canis and A. caninum, the new composition» of Fenbental powder at a dose of 75 mg kg body weight by ADV had EE and IE - 100%. At the same time, on the 5th day the deworming of eggs intestinal nematodes of zoonotic etiology in feces did not detect. This dosage of new composition of Fenbental powder 50% should be recognized as an effective therapeutic dose (Table 4). Group 3 dogs (invasive control, n = 5) remained infected with intestinal nematodes of zoonotic nature» when detecting 98,5-99,3 ekz. eggs in 4-5 g feces.

Thus, the new composition of Fenbental powder a dose of 75 mg / kg of body weight, mixed with minced meat, is highly effective in experiments and is recommended for the treatment and prevention of associative invasions of intestinal nematodes of zoonotic nature Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in dogs.

Efficacy Of The New Composition Of Mebentfen Powder 50% With Associative Invasions Of Zoonotic Etiology Toxocarosis And Ankylostomоsis In Dogs

The new composition of Mebentfen powder 50% in 1 g includes: mebendazole - 300 mg by ADV, fenbendazole - 200 mg by ADV, cobalt chloride - 50 mg, irrigate A, B, C, D, E, K- 50 mg, corn starch - 150 mg, bilogized bentonite - 300 mg». In the second series of experiments, the first experimental group of dogs (n = 5), infected with a mixed

Table 5: Extensefficiency (EE) of the Mebentfen powder 50% by ADV with associative invasions of intestinal nematodes of zoonotic etiology (T. canis, A. caninum) in dogs

Table 6: Intensefficiency (IE) of the Mebentfen powder 50% by ADV with associative invasions of intestinal nematodes of zoonotic etiology (T. canis, A. caninum) in dogs

invasion of intestinal nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum mixed with minced meat, were fed a new composition of Mebentfen powder 50% at a dose of 50 mg / kg. body mass. The drug with a single appointment showed EE made up- 80.00% and IE - 93.46% (Table 5, 6).

In the 2nd group of dogs (n = 10) infected with the mixed invasion of T. canis and A. caninum», the new composition of Mebentfen powder 40% at a dose of 70 mg kg body weight by ADV had EE and IE - 100%. At the same time, on the 5th day the deworming of eggs and larvae intestinal nematodes of zoonotic etiology in feces did not detect. This dosage of new composition of Mebentfen powder 50% should be recognized as an effective therapeutic dose (Table 5). Group 3 dogs (invasive control, n =3) remained infected with intestinal nematodes of zoonotic nature» when detecting 95,7-97,4 ekz. eggs in 4-5 g feces (Table 6).

Thus, the new composition of Mebentfen powder 50% a dose of 70 mg / kg of body weight, mixed with minced meat, is highly effective in experiments and is recommended for the treatment and prevention of associative invasions of intestinal nematodes of zoonotic nature Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in dogs.

For the first time, the results of studying the spread of intestinal nematodes of dogs of a zoonotic etiology (toxocarоsis and ankylostomоsis) in the form of mono- and mixed invasion», as well as the effectiveness of a new tableted Helmicide F and a new composition of Fenbental powder 50% against intestinal nematodes of dogs, are presented for the first time. New data were obtained on the epizootology of toxocarosis and ankylostomosis in dogs and the therapeutic efficacy of a new tableted Helmicide F at a dose of 70 mg / kg of body weight and a new composition of Fenbental powder 50% at a dose of 75 mg / kg of body weight to combat mixed invasion of intestinal nematodes in dogs. Thus, the new composition of Mebentfen powder 50% a dose of 70 mg / kg of body weight, mixed with minced meat, is highly effective in experiments and is recommended for the treatment and prevention of associative invasions of nematodes T. canis and A. caninum in dogs. At the same time, information about the species composition of nematodes and the need to develop new methods of treatment and prevention of mixed invasions of toxocarosis and ankylostomosis in dogs agree with the opinion of many well-known authors.

CONCLUSION

Studies have shown that infections of zoonotic toxocariasis and ankylostomiasis in the form of mono- and mixed invasions are widespread in rural settlements of the North Caucasus region» with a total EI of 68.00%. Associative invasion caused by nematodes» in urban settlements was observed mainly with EI = 24.00% with an intensity of 113.2 ± 10.0; 86.9 ± 7.5 ind. eggs in 4-5 g feces. The associative invasion caused by the nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum» was observed mainly with EI = 36.00% with an index of the abundance of invasive elements of 138.5; 114.9 specimens eggs in 4-5 g. New tableted Helmicide F at a dose of 70 mg / kg of body weight from ADV, a new composition of powder Fenbental 50% at a dose of 75 mg / kg of body weight from ADV, Mebentfen 50% powder at a dose of 70 mg / kg of body weight mixed with minced meat, once highly effective (EE and IE - 100%) in experiments and are recommended for the treatment and prevention of mono- and mixinvasions of zoonotic nematodes in dogs.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors had no conflicts in the implementation of the study, they worked according to plan. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could affect the work presented in this article. The co-authors of the article have no conflict of interest.

novelty statement

The authors declare that the results obtained on the topic of the article were obtained empirically, and the reflected information is new for science in the field of parasitology.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTION

All authors took part in the study of mono- and mixed invasions of socially dangerous nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in dogs in rural and urban settlements of the North Caucasus region and the results of testing new drugs against them, took samples of feces from dogs, analyzed materials and participated in writing the manuscript . Collectively reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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