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Dynamics of Ammonia Gas Production from Feces of Laying Hens during Eco-enzyme Treatment of Vegetable Waste

Dynamics of Ammonia Gas Production from Feces of Laying Hens during Eco-enzyme Treatment of Vegetable Waste

Muhammad Ardas Daruslam1, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Nancy Lahay3

1Student of Animal Science and Technology Study Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia; 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia; 3Department of Animal Feed and Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia.

 
*Correspondence | Muhammad Irfan Said,  Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia; Email: [email protected]

Figure 1:

Design of the eco-enzyme application process

Figure 2:
Comparison of the pH value of eco-enzymes produced from kale (Ipomoea reptans Poir) (Ka) and spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L) (Sp) vegetable waste and their combination.
Figure 3:

Comparison of the protease enzyme activity (U/mL) of eco-enzymes produced from kale (Ipomoea reptans Poir) (Ka) and spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L) (Sp) vegetable waste and their combination.

Figure 4:

Comparison of the total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (CFU/mL) of eco-enzymes produced from kale (Ka) (Ipomoea reptans Poir) and spinach (Amaranthus hybridus L) (Sp) vegetable waste and their combination.

Figure 5:

Changes in ammonia gas production (ppm) from laying hen feces after applying eco-enzyme (Ec-En) from vegetable waste (spinach)(Sp) with different amounts of diluent.

Figure 6:

Changes in temperature kinetics (oC) from laying hen feces after applying eco-enzyme (Ec-En) from vegetable waste (spinach)(Sp) with different amounts of diluent. 

Figure 7:

Changes in humidity kinetics (%) from laying hen feces after applying eco-enzyme (Ec-En) from vegetable waste (spinach)(Sp) with different amounts of diluent

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

November

Vol. 12, Iss. 11, pp. 2062-2300

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