Justin P. McBrayer
...se who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences between those who believe in God verses those who do not. Social scientists have put together an impressive set of data that shows that theists do better in terms of happiness, health, longevity, interpersonal relationships, and charitable giving. Hence, most people have a strong reason to believe in God regardless of the evidence....
Justin P. McBrayer
...se who do not. A renewed wager can avoid this difficulty by relying solely on well-documented differences between those who believe in God verses those who do not. Social scientists have put together an impressive set of data that shows that theists do better in terms of happiness, health, longevity, inter- personal relationships, and charitable giving. Hence, most people have a strong reason to believe in God regardless of the evidence....
Rick Repetti
... philosophy: Peter van Inwagen’s consequence argument, which asserts that if choices are lawfully necessary consequences of prior events, then they are unfree; Derk Pereboom’s two arguments for hard incompatibilism: the manipulation argument, which asserts that manipulated choices are unfree, determinism is functionally equivalent to manipulation, and thus determined choices are unfree; and the randomness argument, which asserts...
Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *
...hese lineages. In 2013 sewage contaminated water samples were collected from two sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Samples were concentrated and inoculated into MCF-7 and RD cell lines. Isolates from MCF-7 were passaged in RD and L20B cell lines while isolates from RD cell line were passaged in L20B cell line. Subsequently, all isolates were subjected to panenterovirus 5l-UTR, partial VP1 and EV-C-3Dpol/3’-UTR PCR assays, amplicons sequenced and subjected to phyl...
Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan*
WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...) reported that they got wages in time. Only few respondents (8.70%) were aware of health hazards due to pesticides and only 10% women wear protective clothes during cotton picking. Majority of the respondents (76%) wash their clothes after cotton picking whereas almost all the respondents wash their hand after cotton picking. The women cotton pickers faced health problem, tiredness (54.5%), mental disturbance (9.90%) and fatigue (8.00%). More than 58% women r...
Ahmed Fatima*
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY AND THE ROLE OF NON-FARM ACTIVITIES
...ng the poor for non-farm wage earners, farm wage earners, non-farm self-employed and the crop cultivators in the nine agro-climatic zones of rural Pakistan was also carried out. The relationship between incidence of poverty and non-farm activities is ambivalent with non-farm households being better off in regions that are less fertile. The incidence of poverty was highest amongst farm wage...
Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
... mud (PrM) @ 20 t ha , sewage sludge (SS) @ 20 t ha and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) @ 120-65-100 kg ha . Data on leaf plant , leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight plant (g), dry leaf weight plant (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh root weight plant (g), dry root weight plant (g), total biomass plant (g), root yield pot (g) and root yield (t ha ) were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth attributes and...
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
...ount of USD 39.2 billion wages for the employees (4). During the year of 2006, there were 5.2 million volunteers in Australia contributing around 623 million hours to the non-profit segment. This contribution value is equal to a wage of 15 billion AUD$ (5).
... 
Niamatullah Kakar, Farhat Abbas, Muhammad Shafee and Tauseef Asmat*
...acy, unemployment (daily wages) and tobacco smoking were some of the main risk factors common in inmates. The trend of sharing blankets, towels and utensils were 158/186 (84.49%), 152/186 (81.72%) and 165/186 (88.70%), respectively which likely increase the risk of disease spread. Smear microscopy revealed that 27.92% prisoners were involved in acute and chronic inflammatory disease. PCR proved to be more sensitive compared to the sputum smears or culture base...
Mohammed Al Mahish*
...to examine the effect of wage increase on the U.S. lettuce market by using Equilibrium Displacement Model. The paper estimates lettuce demand using Rotterdam demand model. The results show that the demand for lettuce is price and income inelastic, and lettuce is a necessity good. The results of the supply model show that the supply of lettuce is price inelastic, and wage increase has a negative impact on lettuce supply. The ...
Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Saeed Akhtar2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3* and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...th canal, tubewell and sewage irrigation water, were assessed for their proximate (moisture, ash, protein and fiber) and heavy metal (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe and Cr) contents. Significant differences were found for proximate composition of canal, tubewell and sewage water irrigated vegetables. The vegetables grown with tubewell water had higher moisture, ash and fiber contents compared with those grown with canal and se
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...lected from a drain of sewage
water located in the vicinity of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Six biofilm forming
bacterial strains were selected on the basis of their motility and biofilm forming
ability firstly by growing them on congo red agar medium and then by performing
ring test. By 16S rRNA sequencing, bacterial strains were identified as
Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus...
water located in the vicinity of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Six biofilm forming
bacterial strains were selected on the basis of their motility and biofilm forming
ability firstly by growing them on congo red agar medium and then by performing
ring test. By 16S rRNA sequencing, bacterial strains were identified as
Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus...
Supply Response Analysis of Wheat Growers in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Farm Level Analysis
Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...ut supply in response to wage rate was negative and inelastic. Output elasticity in response to fertilizer price was negative and elastic. Education has positive relation with the output supply but inelastic. Labor demand in response to output price, land and education was positive and elastic. Labor demand in relation to wage rate and fertilizer price was negative and elastic. Fertilizer demand in relation to wheat price, l...
Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...xpansion in agricultural wages in rural area. ...
Daulat Khan1*, Khizar Azam2, Noor Muhammad Khan1, Muhammad Israr1, Naeem Ejaz3
ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH NEQS CRITERIA AND ITS REUSE FOR IRRIGATION WITH DILUTION
... computed per liter of sewage to minimize, the concentrations of exceeded parameters by
mixing with normal water, into a range that can be used safely for irrigation....
mixing with normal water, into a range that can be used safely for irrigation....
Mumtaz Shah*, Hashim Nisar Hashmi* Naeem Ejaz* Abdul Razzaq Ghumman*
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
...n: justify;">Municipal Sewage of Taxila was selected for evaluation and comparison of the performance of three aquatic macrophytes regarding sewage treatment. A bench scale laboratory model was developed and used for experimentation. Six experimental runs were conducted and each run laps over thirty (30) days. In each experimental runcontinuous monitoring of municipal sewage was ...
Parakriti Gupta1, Kapil Goyal2 and Mini Pritam Singh3*
Hepatitis E Virus and Zoonosis
...gets contaminated with sewage. However, the mode of acquisition of infection is different in developed nations with good sanitary conditions where the infection is a zoonosis. Though the virus has only one serotype, 8 genotypes have been documented. Out of these, HEV 1 and 2 have been reported from developing countries and are transmitted mainly through faeco-oral route while HEV 3 and 4 are reported from developed countries and the infection is acquired by hu...
Safina Naz1*, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Bushra Siddique2, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3*, Sajid Ali1, Hassan Sardar1, Sakeena Tul Ain Haider1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4, Hajra Azeem3, Sibghat Ullah5, Shah Pasand6 and Zehri Khan5
Effect of Sewage Water Irrigation Frequency on Growth, Yield and Heavy Metals Accumulation of Tomato and Okra
...fficiency of different sewage water irrigation frequency treatments on growth, yield and heavy metals accumulation of tomato and okra during 2012 and 2013. A statistical randomized complete block design was applied in the field to perform experiments having three replicates while 03 sewage water irrigation frequency treatments i.e., 5, 10 and 15-days interval. The tomato yield, their growth along with the production of the p...
Samia Ikram1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Farwa Batool2 and Atyab Amjad3
Evaluation of Bird of Paradise for Commercial Flower Production by using Organic Manures
... T4 (Top dressing with sewage sludge). Maximum plant height (93.53 cm), Number of suckers (4.20), Number of leaves (8.00), Number of flowers (4.11), Stem diameter (5.025 cm) and Spike diameter (5.03 cm) were contributed by T2whereas maximum spike length (61.21 cm) was recorded in T3 and maximum shelf life (14.81 days) was noted in T4. The present research study revealed that T2 significantly contributes to commercial cut flower production of Bird of paradise i...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
... treated and untreated sewage water is a serious issue in the agricultural sector as it is highly dependent on recycled water for irrigation purposes due to the shortage of fresh water resources. In this study viruses in untreated and treatedwastewater has been reviewed to evaluate the health threats to the people. It has been cited that viruses such as Rotavirus, Norwalk virus, adenovirus, and Hepatitis A virus, are common mediators of the diseases in human b...
Jing Yu1*, Jiangmei Mao1,2 and Dongliang Wang1,3
...ture and petrochemical sewage (Liu, 2011).
... 
Salma Javed, Samreen Khan*, Nasira Kazi and Tabassum Ara Khanum
...da were recovered from sewage and stagnant water with sediments from different location of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In this study, two genera, Rhabditidoides and Butlerius and three species identified as Rhabditidoides stigmatus, Butlerius micans and Demaniella basili were recorded for the first time in Pakistan. The percentage occurrence of these genera was found as 50% each. These species were identified on the basis of morphological, as well as morphometri...
Abeer A. Feisall; B.A. Othman2; Kh.A. El-Dougdoug2 and H.S. Shalaby1
...lated from
sewage water and designated St-1. The isolated phage formed identical clear
circular single plaques, without halo of 3 mm in diameter. Electron microscopy of
Salmonella bacteriophage particles (St-1) indicated that the phage particle has an
isometric head of about 69.6 nm in diameter and non contractile tail of 243.5 nm in
length and 17.4 nm in width. The Salmonella bacteriophage (St-1) has...
Mohammad Mahmudi1,2*, Muhammad Musa1,2, Sulastri Arsad1,2, Evellin Dewi Lusiana1,2, Alamanda Bunga1, Nur Azlina Wati1
...atment for aquaculture sewage. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of integrated super-intensive shrimp aquaculture with mangroves in terms of water quality characteristics and phytoplankton as a bioindicator. The study was conducted at coastal area of Probolinggo region, Indonesia. Our research showed that the cultured ponds had high abundance of phytoplankton but low species diversity. Meanwhile, the water inlet and outlet of the shrimp farming w...
Azra Kalhoro1, Abdul Aziz Mirani2, Fozia Khan Siyal1, Tahira Jatt2*, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Sadia Iram3 and Muhammad Abbas Bhutto4
..."text-align: justify;">Sewage water contains toxic heavy metals which can be translocated and accumulated in plants and subsequently transferred to human body through the food chain, yet it has become the most commonly used water source for irrigating vegetable crops in peri-urban or urban areas of several countries including in Pakistan. Karachi, the metropolitan city of Pakistan, is the largest industrial and financial hub of the country with an estimated 16...
Sanwal Masood1, Dildar Ahmed2, Silvia Machado1 and Sohaib Aslam1*
...es such as industries, sewage/wastewater drains, and agricultural practices. In the present study, water samples were collected and analyzed for selected physicochemical parameters including toxic metals for determining the impact of land uses on the ground water quality of Lahore, Pakistan. Our results showed that water of three sites namely Shadman, Samnabad and Township had the TDS above 300 mgL-1 and this value was comparatively greater than samples of oth...
Azzami, Mohamed 1.; Hakiml , Aya Salah El-Din; Othman2, Badawi A. and 2 El-Dougoug, Khaled A.
...re detected in both of sewage polluted samples and chlorinated water samples especially in warmer seasons, however, maximum counts were recorded during summer and the minimal were detected in winter. The viruses obtained by ultrafiltration process were negatively stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage particles had an isometric head and long-contractile tail. Some particles appeared to have a short tail with full head...
ZOHAIB SAEED1, SHAHID IQBAL*1, UMER YOUNAS1,2, MUHAMMAD PERVAIZ*3, SYED MOHSIN ALI NAQVI3 & RANA RASHAD MAHMOOD KHAN3
... justify;">Disposal of sewage sludge is a critical issue worldwide for the environmentalists. There are many methods for its disposal. The most suitable and economical method is its land application. Lagenaria siceraria L. plant was grown in various amendments of soil and sewage sludge to check the tolerance of the plant and to select the optimized mixing of sewage sludge with soil for thi...
ZEESHAN REHMAN1, RANA ABRAR HUSSAIN1, SHAISTA JABEEN2, SAKHAWAT ALI2, ZAHAR NOREEN1 & IRUM MUKHTAR1*
...ion of elemental Zn in sewage-irrigated samples was the highest (153.4233mg kg−1), followed by Cd2+ (70.47333 mg kg−1) and Pb (65.79667mg kg−1). Results showed higher Pb2+ and Cd2+ level in B. oleracea than daily intake of metals (DIM) standard limits, cultivated on wastewater. Whereas health risk index (HRI) was found maximum (23.22 mg kg−1) for this vegetable cultivated on waste water in Kasur region. From the health point of view, th...
ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8
...rent water treatments (sewage and tap water). The concentration of cadmium in water, root and forage samples was determined. Moreover, bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals and health risk index were calculated. In tap water Cd value was 0.54 mg/L and in sewage water, it was 0.56 mg/L. In soil the calculated Cd value was lower than USEPA standards. The maximum Cd in root was calculated in wint...
Socio economic impact of community plantation in Salarzai valley, Bajaur Agency, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah
Kaleem Mehmood1, Sultan Muhammad2 and Altaf Hussain3
...h opportunities of daily wage labor at the time of planting and other cultural activities. Community Plantations increase forest cover which in turn provides opportunity for wildlife conservation in the area due to habitat....
M. Ayaz
...his work an appropriate
wage system is an important pre-requisite. At present
there is no incentive oriented wage system (piece-rates)
in forestry, which is developed on time and productivity
principles. To develop a piece-rate on the basis of time
demand and productivity considering tree variables and
work place factors, time studies were carried out in
Kaghan Valley on felling and conversion of deodar
(Cedrus de...
Mohammad Amjad and Iqbal Mohammad
...ices of raw material and wage rates of the workers has raised production costs and undermined the competitive power of the industry. High quality mulberry and willow timber is in short supply. The industry can be assisted by increasing the availability of quality timber at reasonable prices and providing subsidy on exports....
