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Rehana Shahida1, Tasnim Farasat1, Shagufta Naz1,* and Shahjahan2
...P., personal history and socioeconomic status were recorded. Fasting glucose and HbA1c was done by chemistry analyzer. Fasting serum insulin, IL-6, TNF-α and thrombomodulin levels were assessed by ELIZA. Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were high in IGT and diabetic group as compared to control. ANOVA revealed highly significant difference of mean among groups and between gr...
Mubashir Hussain1,Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar3 and Sohail Latif4
...ollected to find out the socioeconomic feasibility of the techniques. The comparative analysis of seed bank extraction methods revealed higher weed seeds density, weed frequency with more diversity of weed species under sieving method in comparison to seedling emergence method. Therefore, sieving method was considered superior over seedling emergence method. The feasibility analysis of seed bank extraction methods indicated that sieving was cost-effective, les...

 Muhammad Azeem Khan*, Abid Hussain, Irfan Mehmood and Sonila Hassan **

...of climate change on the socioeconomic characteristic and livelihoods of farmers in semi arid zones of Punjab and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan. Data for the study has been taken from various issues of Crop Area Production (by districts) MINFA (Economic Wing), district agricultural departments and meteorological department, Islamabad. Primary data for the study was collected in 2010 by conducting farm level surveys in Kohat and Attock districts. Clu...

 Rubina Bano, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif and Waqar Akhtar*

... descriptive analysis of socioeconomic characteristics of the sample poultry farmers along with cost and profitability analysis. Broiler farming was done by adult males on full time basis. It was the main source of income of a family. The average flock size in the study area was 4033 birds. The study also bifurcates the cost structure and fixed cost accounts for 7 % while variable cost accounts for 93% of total cost of production. Feed makes the major share an...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2

 

...lium castaneum and a socioeconomic insect, Apis mellifera. A comparative study was designed to identify the role of saponins on insect acetylcholinesterase (AChEs). The enzyme activities were tested for the effect of saponins. The AChE activity of T. castaneum was inhibited by the saponins and follows competitive inhibition kinetics. In case of A. mellifera enzyme activity was not inhibited. In vitro and in vivo in...

 Tabinda Qaiser*, Ayesha Tahir*, Sajida Taj* and Murad Ali*

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF APICULTURE ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PAKISTAN
...stan on the basis of the socioeconomic context of the country and some special features of the enterprise.

...

 Hafiz Saqib Habib*, Arshad Mahmood Malik*, Abid Ali** and Muhammad Aamir Khan***

SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD FOOD EXPENDITURES IN RAWALPINDI
...udy aimed to analyze the socioeconomic factors effecting total food expenditures of households in rural area of Rawalpindi tehsil. Respondents were selected randomly and data were collected through questionnaire. A multiple double log regression model was used because it has an advantage that estimated parameter can easily be explained as expendi-tures elasticity. This model is used to give details of responses in socioeconomic<...

Sumia Bint Zaman*, Waqas Farooq*, Sidra Majeed*, Hasnain Shah*, and Abdul Majid**

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURE SERVICE PROVIDERS' TRAINING ON WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN POTHWAR REGION
...g the effectiveness, the socioeconomic backup for assessment of these trainings was included as part of the activity. The information for paper is collected from opinions of the participants before and after the training. Descriptive analysis alongwith paired 't' test was used to measure the effectiveness of training. Results indicated higher satisfactory level as majority of the participants were strongly agreed (73%) and agreed (23%) that trainings were part...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...ltimately disturbing the socioeconomics of the farming community. Among the microbes, cyanobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbiotic association with large numbers of plants and microbial mats. In this regard, a pot experiment was carried out with the aim to assess the impact of different strains of cyanobacteria on rice crop growth and nu...

Saima Rani*, Hassnian Shah, Nusrat Habib and Muhammad Azeem Khan 

...tains the information of socioeconomic characteristics, awareness and preferences of organic vegetables and product attributes. The empirical findings indicate that age, employment status, income, education, number of children, taste, no chemical residual, high nutritional value, freshness and colour of the vegetables have positive effects on consumer to pay a high price. While in case of product size and shape has a adverse effect on consumer. Results indicat...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...d interaction effects of socioeconomic (age of enterprise, province of enterprise, educational level, membership status, other works except for beekeeping and number of full beehives), biological predictors (bee race and frequency of changing queen bee) affected honey yield per hive. As a result, it is recommended that the effect of socioeconomic and biological predictors on the yield should be assessed jointly for further s...

Nabila Roohi, Mehjabeen, Samina Ashraf*

Effects of cigarette smoking on serum proteins profile in male active and passive smokers
...eight, weight
and socioeconomic set up. Serum protein profile was analyzed using commercially
available kits by using automated clinical chemistry analyzer. Serum total proteins
have shown a significant decrease in smokers in comparison with controls. A
significant depression in serum albumin was observed in smokers due to increased
excretion of albumin in bound state with the chemicals, whereas, total globulins,
gamma...

 Sobia Faisal1*,Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad2, Maleeha Manzoor3, Madiha Manzoor4, Faisal Rifaq5

Socio-psychological factors related to tuberculosis diagnostic test seeking behavior in Pakistan
...avior of patients in low socioeconomic country like Pakistan in relation
to “Health Belief Model”, a best-fit health behavior theory. Literature was searched
systematically to find the studies addressing psychosocial factors affecting the
diagnostic test seeking behaviors of TB patients in Google scholar, Medline and
PubMed. The related articles had been reviewed for the period of 1998 to 2013.
Emphasis was laid t...

Kubra Siddique*, Ghaffar Ali, Irfan Ullah, Atta Ullah Shah and Muhammad Fayaz 

...’ income and their socioeconomic characteristics are included in the model. The results reveal that on the average, households in rural region spend more on the food items while, urban households spend more on non-food items. Expenditures on beef is noted highest for both urban and rural region followed by chicken, fish and other meat type (Eggs, Shrimps, Prawns). Empirical results show that for all the selected meat type expenditure elasticities are p...

Zara Ahmad1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Muhammad Zamin3, Bushra Kiran2, Tariq Shah2 and Shahzad Kouser4 

...income and improve their socioeconomic status. 

...

Bahadar Sher Khattak1, Muhammad Kaleem1, Waqas2*, Humaira Naz1 and Muhammad Yasir

...h aimed at uplifting the socioeconomic conditions of the small farmers through various agricultural interventions. One of the important and essential interventions of CMP was micro-credit facilities to small farmers. The current research study focused on the core objective of the CMP aimed at finding out the effect of micro-credit intervention on small farmers and how their socioeconomic status improved during the span of th...

Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4

Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...t of microfinance on the socioeconomic status such as, family income, family health status, children educational status, living standard, food/diet pattern, crop production and transportation and finally the constraints faced by the borrowers to get the loans from microfinance institutions. The primary data were collected from the 300 borrowers of microfinance institutions especially from Khushhali Bank limited through a well-designed structured questionnaire....

Fazli Rabbi1*, Muhammad Idrees2, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Zamin3 and Hazrat Bilal4

Farmers Perceptions and Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Peach (Prunus persica L.) Production and Marketing
...s use and farmers’ socioeconomic and farm level variables. A sample of 70 peach (P. persica L.) growers was taken. Face to face interviews were held using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were used for data analysis. The results showed a greater awareness level among the peach (P. persica L.) growers about ICTs. Moreover, the analysis indicated that more than 75 % of farmers are in use of a single or multiple type ...
Sitara Nawaz1, Shamaila Irum1, Haroon Ahmed2, Shazia Shamas1, Sadia Roshan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi4, Irfan Ullah5*, Gulnaz Parveen3*
...to lack of awareness low socioeconomic level, presence of domestic animals in surroundings, poor hygienic conditions and lack of proper medical care. A public awareness and vaccination program is needed to control the spread factors. There should be an eradicated for breeding sites by keeping the surrounding clean. 

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
... timely were significant socioeconomic factors that affect farmers efficiency level. Medium farm size cotton farmers were producing higher cotton yield and earning higher per acre gross profit (Rs. 18142.28) relatively to small (Rs. 15232.94) and large (Rs. 8231.349) farm size cotton farmers. There is a need for significant prolong state-based policy measures for provision of adequate and quality based crop inputs, infusion of advanced mechanisation and regula...
Sajad Ali1*, Naeem Ur Rehman Khatak1, Iftikhar Ahmad2, Jangraiz Khan3 and Azra4
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors and farm Size on Wheat Productivity: A Case Study of District Peshawar, Pakistan
...vestigates the impact of socioeconomic characteristics as well as the farm size of wheat productivity in district Peshawar. Wheat is the main staple food item of the country’s population and the largest grain crop as well. Pakistan has been regularly importing wheat, except for the few years. This study is based on primary data collected in 2019 from district Peshawar.A sample of 200 (160 large and 40 small) wheat growers weretaken from twelve selected v...

Attaullah Jan1*, Saleem Khan2, Iftikhar Alam1, Farzeen Khan3 and Muhammad Farooq4*

...y belonged to low-middle socioeconomic class. Prevalence of malnutrition as indicated by any of the three indicators was: underweight 16.8%; stunting 27.7%; thinness 9.8 %. Correlation between age and protein and energy intake, and weight and energy and protein, showed that protein energy intake increased with increasing age and weight. Overall, both stunting and underweight were more common in girls than boys. Girls in general, had poor nutrient intake compar...

Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*,  Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3

...e the respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, classify the types of ICT tools adopted by the respondents and identify factors influencing the adoption of ICT in extension service delivery among the respondents. Primary data were obtained using multi-stage cluster sampling technique, using organized questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used. The research used Rogers’ Theory of Innovation Diff...

Nawab Khan1, Ram L. Ray2, Muhammad Ihtisham3*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui4*, Muhammad Khayyam5, Raheel Anjum6 and Simplice A. Asongu7

...chistan to determine the socioeconomic determinants of the awareness and adoption of apple production practices in 2019. This study selected Ziarat district to investigate socioeconomic determinants of the awareness and adoption of apple production because it is located in the center of the high apple-growing districts in northern Balochistan. A sample of 120 respondents was selected through multi-stage-random sampling from ...
Tabinda Urooj1,*, Bushra Wasim1, Shamim Mushtaq2, Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah1, Lubna Faisal3, Moazzam Ali2, Nabeela Rasheed1 and Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi4
...ucation combine with low socioeconomic status, which further aggravates the health outcomes especially by neglecting the early diagnosis of the disease. Also, higher risk was observed for married women, housewives with extended family that is 3 or more children. Breast feeding for extended duration (at least 2 years) and less age at first childbirth were observed as protective factors for this cancer. Also, majority of our study subjects were diagnosed at late...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza2, Waqas Ahmad1, Nargis Bibi3, Aftab Khan2 and Jahangir Khan

...fects of farm inputs and socioeconomic factors on rice production. Results of SFM-1 explicated that all the regressors except irrigation numbers were highly significant with the estimated coefficients of 0.369, 0.047, 0.060, 0.246 and 0.098 for labor hours, tractor hours, chemicals, urea and irrigation numbers respectively. Results of inefficiency’s model exposed that education and farming experience had a significant and adverse influence on technical i...

Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh

... the relationship of the socioeconomic variables, farmers access to institutional support, adaptation of climate-smart practices, and the constraints faced by the farmers in adoption and use of the climate-smart practices. A multistage sampling technique was applied in choosing the 270 smallholder farmers in the studied area. Focused group discussions, interview sessions and surveys were used to obtain the required data. For the data analysis, descriptive stat...

Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1*, Ayesha Ahsan2, Amir Afzal1, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Muhammad Jan1, Kashif Ali1, Muhammad Arsalan1 and Rizwan Latif3

...iochemical qualities and socioeconomic benefits. Antioxidants abound in C. sativa extract, thanks to its high phenolic content. It’s a high-polyunsaturated acid crop that’s strong in antioxidants. Extraction from C. sativa seeds yielded a 33% yield of C. sativa oil, which was then analyzed for TPC and antioxidants in comparison to commercially available C. sativa oil. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydraz...

Farah Naz1*, Asad Umair2 and Ghazala Noureen3

...re hard to separate from socioeconomic gradients.

...

SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2

...l communities having low socioeconomic status. This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children of rural communities of Punjab from January 2016 to July 2016. The children were selected from Services hospital, Lahore and District hospital Sharqpur, Dist. Sheikhupura. A total of 500 samples of children were collected. Questionnaire was designed to collect information for studying variables regarding age, gender, father...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...egies and association to socioeconomic attributes. The study was carried out in two districts Nowshera and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan using principal component analysis approach and regression analysis. The data were collected randomly from 130 sampled vegetable growers comprised of 65 respondents each from Nowshera and Charsadda districts through pre-tested interview schedule during financial year 2020-21. Principal Component Analysis was used ...

Muhammad Aijaz1, Nasir Mahmood2, Ghulam Mujtaba3 and Imran Riaz Malik1*

..., poor hygiene, and poor socioeconomic status are the risk factors for the onset of breast cancer in the Pakistani population. Molecular analysis of the human IL-10 gene revealed that the prevalence of homozygous normal GG allele was 19%, heterozygous GA was 29% and homozygous mutant AA was 52% in breast cancer patients. However, in healthy individuals, GG allele was found in 70%, GA in 20%, and AA in 10% population. These findings proposed that the IL-10 gene...

Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Wahyu Dyah Prastiwi 

...riables utilized include socioeconomic characteristics of duck farmers, social variables, age, education, medicinal seeds, feed, dried-cooked rice, trash fish, processing, business pattern, marketing, technology, and production; the endogenous variable was sustainability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using TETRAD-IV software was employed to establish the analytical model. The results show that duck farming is sustainable regarding social, economic, and e...

Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Saqib2*, Abid Rashid3, Muhammad Hammad Hussain4, Khushal Khan Kasi5, Muhammad Haleem Tayyab2, Muhammad Azam Kakar5, Heinrich Neubauer1 and Mudassar Iqbal6*

... livestock contact, poor socioeconomic group and no raw milk consumption. All variables didn’t show statistical significance by Fischer’s exact test. Further epidemiological studies and awareness programs are recommended. Based on the results and review of the literature, the authors urge to consider higher age ≥40 years, direct contact and raw milk intake as risks for the infection. 

...

Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani

...strate that a variety of socioeconomic factors have an impact on the district Sherani due to overall forest degradation. Because in the study area there is a very low level of literacy, most people are not aware that deforestation that contributes to a number of issues, including soil erosion and flooding, which in turn trigger other natural phenomena and specifically the destruction of natural resources. According to findings of this research, poverty is a wi...

Rehana Shahida1, Shagufta Naz1*, Tasnim Farasat1, Saima Sharif1, Shah Jahan2 and Farkhanda Manzoor1

...tio, blood pressure, and socioeconomic status were recorded. Proatherogenic parameters like plasma glucose level, serum levels of insulin, thrombomodulin and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. The serum level of thrombomodulin was assessed as a measure of vascular damage. This study showed significantly elevated serum concentration of IL-6 and altered lipid profile in diabetes individual when compared with the control subjects. IL-6 and thrombomodulin was progressiv...

Kalsoom Abdulrazaq1*, Bisma Arif1, Rimsha Mehboob2, Asma Mehboob3 

...s; and environmental and socioeconomic factors. Throughout history, wild and domestic animals have consistently contributed to the spread of zoonoses, posing a global hazard to public health. Preventing and controlling zoonoses requires the ability to mobilize resources across various sectors and collaboration with intersectoral strategies, especially between national and international veterinary and public health services. This collaborative approach is cruci...

SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1

...young females having low socioeconomic status and less awareness about hygienic measures are at great risk of UTI.

...

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

...likwal for collection of socioeconomic and ethnic information of different plant species. Plant specimens underwent pressing, drying, and mounting onto herbarium sheets. The identification process was conducted for all gathered samples. In this research study, documentation was carried out for 50 plant species distributed across 27 families. These species arranged with scientific names, common names, family names, plant part used and ethnopharmacological appli...

Ali Nawaz, Qazi Bilal, Anwar Ali*, Nowsherwan Zarif, Faizan Ahmad, Asim Karim and Atif Majeed

...ands in order to fulfill socioeconomic needs as well as climate mitigation and adaptation. The current study reviewed the social, economic and environmental significance of Eastern Cottonwood based agroforestry system. The current economic review of Populus deltoides shows that average net return and average net present value are 11121USD ha-1, INR. 793,579 ha-1 with benefit cost ratio of 2.45. The land expectation value and internal rate of return were found ...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...to maximize a variety of socioeconomic benefits. According to the findings of the study farmers were generally supportive of intercropping and border cropping. Most farmers regarded agroforestry systems as most beneficial due to their ability to protect surrounding crops from dust storms. Age, education level, and distance from the farm to the market were significant factors in determining agroforestry adoption. In contrast, farmers who are older, less educat...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...stem to maximize various socioeconomic benefits, including food, fuelwood, fodder, fiber, timber, non-timber forest products, supplementary income, etc. Agroforestry systems' potential to provide farms with environmental services protecting soil erosion, bioenergy, the effects of trees in agricultural landscapes on carbon sequestration, sustainable land management techniques, pest control by natural enemies, and the global habitat for biological variety are al...
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
...ition of the people. The socioeconomic factors are the key indicators for the degradation of natural resources i.e. forest resource. The literacy rate of Sherani District is very low (more than 80%) and the local inhabitants of the area are unaware of the facts that deforestation is causing many problems like soil erosion, flooding and also the degradation of forest resources. The data indicated that poverty is a wide spread phenomenon. According to the findin...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari, Maryum Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...and herbalists for their socioeconomic value. Among the species sold in the local market, 3 species i.e., Asparagus adscendens Roxb., Berberis lyceum Royle. and Viola canescens Wall, ex Roxb. found vulnerable to harvesting....
S. M. Rafique
...ll not only enhance the socioeconomic conditions of the graziers through increase in forage production but will also play an important role in the improvement of watershed values. This implied that appropriate range improvement activities are imperative for sound pastoral economy and sustainable watershed resources of the mountainous region of the NWFP....

Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari

...characteristics included socioeconomic status, smoking, and cleanliness. According to the results, improved ventilation rates per person in a normal home can reduce symptoms by up to 80%. Correlation analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to assess relationships between indoor CO2 concentration and ventilation rate. The high rates of CO2 contamination in the homes under examination pose a major risk to the health of those who have asthma, especially and occupant...

Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1

...management practices and socioeconomic status of horse owners. A total of 233 horse-rearing households were interviewed by structured questionnaire from selective locations covering all divisions of Bangladesh. Phenotypic traits (Body weight, body length, chest girth, neck length, head length, ear length, wither height, back height, length from ear to tail, mane length, tail length) and reproductive features (Age of 1st heat and conception, foaling interval, g...

Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*

...ionships that pertain to socioeconomic and social and political life. drivers and consequences, the latter of which go beyond the effects of the disease, according to the intellectual review and evaluation of scholarship surrounding the concept and application of One Health. As a result, the implementation of One Health-based policies and their conformity to or change of societal values determine their efficacy. Even with a compelling justification, putting a ...

Kashif Haleem, Basheer Ahmad, Muhammad Rayyan, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

Abid Jan* and Asad Ullah

...-b=-0.320). Furthermore, socioeconomic status explains the association between awareness of monetary damage and food wastage. People from high socioeconomic status, under the influence of awareness of monetary damage due to food wastage, were more likely to reduce food wastage than those from middle and low socioeconomic status groups. Effective awareness drive to control food wastage usin...

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

... as well as identify the socioeconomic factors influencing these farmers’ attitude towards the services provided by the government. The attitude statements were constructed using Thurston’s equal-appearing interval technique. Sixteen statements were used to assess the attitude of the farmers using a Likert scale. One hundred twenty-five (125) IFMC farmers from Phulbari upazila in Dinajpur district receiving government extension services were select...

Javeria1,2*, Mudasser Habib1,2 and Muhammad Salahuddin Shah1,2

...eep and goats. It exerts socioeconomic impacts on livestock in the developing countries. The current study was designed to investigate the genetic relationships of the PPRV strains circulating in some districts of Punjab, Pakistan after detecting by PCR. Samples showing definite clinical signs, were collected from reported disease outbreaks and subjected to RT-PCR based on detecting the nucleoprotein (N) gene of the virus which showed 63% positivity rate in th...

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

December

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 6, pp. 2501-3000

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