Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Madeeha Khalid1, Sara Iqbal1, Maira Afzal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
... starch and flocculation phenomenon. Chitosan starch based polymer composites can be used as an efficient and cost effective method to treat waste water polluted with carcinogenic dyes by coagulation-flocculation. Moreover this method is beneficial over other methods that employ toxic polymers or mineral coagulants....
Jixue Hou1,2, Xueling Chen3, Jing Wang4, Hongwei Zhang2, Yu Xi2, Jie Xia2, Xinyu Peng2,* and Xiangwei Wu2,5*
...can be showed about some phenomenon quickly, also more easy to form model of atherosclerosis. Thus, a mouse model of vascular injury is vitally important for researching the pathophysiological mechanisms to restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) as well as translational approaches. In this Experiment, we established a unique murine model of femoral artery injury through a home-made wire. The mouse model of vascular injury may be...
Xiang Nong1,2,3,*, Yao-jun Yang1,2, Guang-you Yang3, Feng-zheng Chen2, Mei Tang1,2 and Gang Wang2
... we found an interesting phenomenon, that is, the dead state of mites treated with stigmasterol was similar to that of mites of the positive control group treated with fenvalerate. Furthermore, the dead state of mites treated with stigmasterol was different from that of mites of the negative control group. This result confirmed the insecticidal activity of stigmasterol. We conducted a thorough research on the insecticidal molecular mechanism of stigmasterol to...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...
Nesting is a common phenomenon in reproductive behavior of birds that plays an important role during their different life stages. Nest composition and location are important factors in studying utility of plant material by avifauna. The current study investigated nesting use of tree species by avifauna at Pabbi Range Forest Kharian (32.811°N and 73.865°E), District Gujrat, from September 2013 to June 2015. Data were collected from five selected sa...
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
.... It is an international phenomenon in which the individuals provide their time and services free of cost to an organization for the benefit of others (2). It is vital for the sustainability and smooth functioning of the nonprofit and community organizations that the participation on volunteer basis should be regular and ongoing (3). This is worth mentioning that in United States during the...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...ers play in causing this phenomenon is not well understood. To address this issue, I outline a novel theoretical framework for conceptualizing Salafi radicalism in terms of an underlying theme and its enablers. This proposal further divides radicalization processes into primary and secondary ones; the former are identified with the onset of radicalization in a community, and the latter develop in communities with longstanding exposure to the
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...gue viruses is a crucial phenomenon responsible for persistence of the viruses during inter-epidemic period (s) of the disease. In the present study, distribution and seasonality of horizontally transmitted dengue viruses in Aedes mosquitoes was investigated in the metropolitan city Lahore, Pakistan during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Adult Aedes aegypti, were captured from nine towns and one Cantonment Board of the city using back-pack mechanical aspira...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman1
...imate change is a global phenomenon manifested in rising temperature, erratic changes in precipitation and other climate variables. To assess such impacts, climate-growth response function of the Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) was studied in Galies Forest Division -Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for the time period 1962-2011. Time function response and impacts of changing climate were estimated on the basis of annual ring-width and intra-ring wood fo...
Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2
...own as a “crawling phenomenon” or “crawling Disaster” as it is a plodding physical process and its effects spatially varies. Misperception on drought and its features is common in defining policies and caused delays in its prevention (Gore, 2002). Pakistan is one the counties which is affected badly by drought. In near Past, Pakistan faced one of the worst drought span drought in 50 years from 1998 to 2003 which harshly affected sociall...
Mehboob Arslan* and Xin Yang
...he viral pathogens. This phenomenon is a hotspot for investigations in order to improve the diagnosis and drug development of future antiviral therapeutics. In fact, metabolism is considered as a crucial player in the cascade of viral interactions, its modulation is essential to decide the final outcome of viral infection. Here, we concisely present how viruses alter the metabolic pathways for their own survival. ...
Amna Qazi1, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2*, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Shafquat Yasmeen2, Shahla Karim Baloch1, Muharram Ali1, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Sagheer Ahmad3, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani4 and Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui2
...rt time span, giving the phenomenon paramount economic importance. ...
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...respectively. Resistance phenomenon is suspected, a rotation of insecticides with different modes of action is desirable in insect resistance management programs....
Nasimullah*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Muhammad Shafi**, Gulzar Ahmad**
A TUTORIAL ON ADAPTIVE ROBUST POSITION CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC COMPENSATION
...urbance torque. Friction phenomenon is simulated
using Lugre dynamic model. Adaptive fuzzy system is used to approximate nonlinear friction and external disturbance.
Assuming that system state matrixes are known, model based robust controller is formulated using sliding mode
control method. Adaptive fuzzy system formulated using Lyapunov function. The proposed controller is derived for
DC motor position control s...
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
...ive consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms . In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced therefore, their climate change adaptations are also far better than those employed by farmers in the developing countries like Pakistan. The climate change awareness obviously determines the nature, quality and strength of climate change adaptations. The current study measures the impact of ...
Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, 3, Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah2, Muhammad Asif4 and Nasir M. Khokhar5
...ry common and widespread phenomenon. It has been studied in various parts of the world. In this relationship, aphids provide food to the ants, while in return ants provide them protection from natural enemies. Ants also protect aphids from different diseases. Aphids (serious crop pests) can be divided into myrmecophilous and non- myrmecophilous. The main objective of this study was to determine trophic associations of ants associated with aphids on various hos...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Syed Faizan Iftikhar2, Sanam Wagma Khattak3*, Wajahat Ali1, Azra4 and Sajad Ali1
South Asian Experience of Trade Liberalization: Implications for Food Security
...y is a multi-dimensional phenomenon having four pillars like availability of food, access to food, utilization of food and stability of food, where each pillar consist of several indicators. This study have two main objectives; computation of food security various dimensions indices and a composite food security index and exploring the link between trade liberalization and food security various dimensions, in the case of selected South Asian economies. The des...
Inam Ullah1,2, WU Qing-Ming1*, Ruqia Bibi2 and Najam Un Nisa2
Comparison of Nesting Site Preferences and Breeding Ecology of Red-Vented Bulbul, Baya Weaver, and Grey Bush Chat in Sheikh Badin National Park Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
...fy;">Nesting is a common phenomenon related to the birds’ reproductive behavior. Nests play a pivotal role in various growth stages of birds, including breeding, defense, environmental factors, shelter, and conservation. The relation between a bird and plant species is considered to be the central aspect of wildlife and biodiversity , which makes the nesting behavior a vital factor when investigating the life of birds. This study was conducted to k...
Ghazanfar Ali and Riffat-un-Nisa Awan*
...t and explaining natural phenomenon. However, fostering CT through instruction is still a neglected area in educational institutions. The current study was intended to find out the relationships among critical thinking based instructional practices (CTIPs), critical thinking skills (CTS), critical thinking dispositions (CTD), and academic achievement (AA) of undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, and biological sciences. The study determined the moderat...
Salma Javed and Samreen Khan*
...justify;">The production phenomenon of fungal feeding nematode Aphelenchus avenae have been thoroughly examined in vitro system by ensuring Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Two fungal species Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger were examined for their aptitude to assist the population rate of the said species. Nematodes were collected from soil around the rhizospheres of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical L.) field in the vicinity of National Nematological Resear...
Muhammad Mohsin1, Yin Hengbin2*, Qian Chong3 and Bohyun Kim4
... a victim of open access phenomenon. Under the influence of this ongoing regime, it becomes necessary to estimate overexploitation risk and understand ongoing economic implications of particularly important fishery resources. Thus, this study is the first-time attempt to evaluate very important fishery resource, i.e., Penaeus shrimps of Pakistan by considering these aspects. A long catch and effort (CE) data series, 1971-2009, were used in this study. C...
Inam Ur Rahman1, Sanam Wagma Khattak2*, Muhammad Israr3 and Saima Hashim4
...eing a multi-dimensional phenomenon comprises of Food Availability, Food Accessibility, Food Utilization and Food Stability is calculated through linear scaling technique. The study has developed two thresholds each one for overall developing countries and regional countries (South Asia). The food security situation of Pakistan is compared to both thresholds. The results show that Pakistan is comparatively a food insecure country. It lags behind in terms of fo...
Laiba Ajmal1, Sidra Ajmal2, Maleeha Ajmal3, Gul Nawaz3, Rabail Hassan Toor4, Hooria Younas1, Tassaduq Hussain Sheikh5 and Raazia Tasadduq1*
...PL). Antigen hiding is a phenomenon that contributes towards immune evasion by the fetal cells as the placental barrier lacks HLA expression. However, the HLA molecules that are expressed by the extravillous trophoblast modulate maternal immune activity towards a protective function, leading to acceptance of the fetus. Further studies encompassing the functioning of HLA system at maternal fetal interface would prove to be beneficial for the affected couples.
Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*
...key sinusitis is a major phenomenon that make the turkey farmers take far away from the turkey production as a result of difficult treatment, medication cost, difficult isolation of causative bacterial agents, weight loss, reduced fertility, and hatchability, so this study aimed to determine the bacterial causative agents using multiplex PCR as an accurate rapid diagnostic technique. Exudates of swollen infra-orbital sinus were aspirated and aseptically colle...
Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Atiq*, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Usman, Ahmad Nawaz, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Azeem Akram and Hadeed Ahmad
...t conditions is a common phenomenon which is responsible for potential economic losses. It has been studied that the hot and humid climatic conditions are conducive for the outbreak of disease. Therefore, integrated management of mango anthracnose is essential. It has been estimated that approximately 25 to 30% loses in mango production are due to anthracnose and stem end rot. Previous investigations revealed that the disease incidence may reach up to 100% on ...
Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5
...causes of climate change phenomenon. It was followed by the Domain of how to face the negative effects resulting from climate change, and finally the Domain of negative effects resulting from the phenomenon of climate change. The results also showed a significant correlation between the degree of knowledge of the respondents and each of the independent variables, (extension service duration use of information sources in the ...
Sajid Mehmood Shahzad
...e arises from a regional phenomenon or an individual issue.
...
Jameel Ahmed1,2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Nadeem Rashid1, Asim Faraz3*,
Majed Rafeeq1, Irfan Shehzad Sheikh1, Mudassar Jahan1,2, Abdul Fatih1,2,
Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Ifrah Jameel1, Muhammad Ali1 and Saira Iftikhar4
...d outbreeding was common phenomenon that reduced the inbreeding in the flocks as inbreeding tends to promote homozygosity. The range in observed heterozygosity was very wide for different molecular markers. These measurements underlined the absence of inbreeding in the flocks that commonly causes inbreeding depression. The presence of genetic diversity was apparent and these markers would be employed for identification of Bibrik sheep through DNA fingerprintin...
Seharish Munawar and Nuzhat Afsar*
Muhammad Asim Bhutta1,2*, Amna Bibi2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Sadia Kanwal2, Zarmeena Amjad1, Hafeez ur Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Muhammad Nouman Khalid4 and Syeda Fiza Nayab5
...nt and extremely complex phenomenon, which is basically light-induced damage to the photosynthetic machinery that principally affects the Photosystem II complex and leads to less photosynthetic productivity. A light-independent photosynthetic activity restricts the consumption of electrons produced in the early photoreactions, which appears to be the principal cause of photoinhibition by visible light. There is a chance that excessive photosynthetic electron t...
Yajuan Zheng, Qiuping Mo, Hongchao Tang, Qinghui Zheng and Dandan Guan*
...ify;">Breast cancer is a phenomenon in which mammary epithelial cells proliferate out of control under the action of various carcinogenic factors. This study aimed to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of LGR5 in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Fresh breast cancer case samples and normal breast cell samples were collected. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of LGR5 and (phosphorylated IQGAP1)/(IQGAP1). Construct metastatic ...
Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim1*, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa2, Nibras Zeyad Yahya1
...antimicrobial resistance phenomenon has recently emerged as the major public health problems, and efforts to create new medication to counter bacterial infections. Consequently, there is a gap in the market for novel adjuvants. The primary initial source of many medicines used to treat diseases today was plants. This study aims to ascertain the antibacterial activities of fruit Citrus aurantium and Citrus limonum juice on isolated Staphylococcus aureus, Sterpt...
Khalid Hussain1*, Tanvir Hussain2 and Muhammad Inamullah Khan3
...re was on the rise; this phenomenon triggered fast radial growth. Moreover, increase in the diameter of the vessels was observed in the species more probably as a result of rise in mean annual temperature and decline in the precipitation in the area. ...
El-Dougdoug. K.A.1, Mervat, M. Fath Alah2, Reham A. Hassen3,Rehab A . Dawoud2
...ith searching use of the phenomenon of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to control plant viruses and increased growth in vitro. Through this study, it was and proved to induced SAR in potato plants using bacterial and fungal contaminants in tissue culture against Potato virus Y. These biotic inducers were Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Xanthomonas sp. as well as Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Fusarium as contaminants microbial of potato micropropagative in vit...
SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3
...ns has been a continuous phenomenon in nosocomial and miscellaneous infections. The load of these bugs has inflated over worldwide. Microbes evolve such phenomena involving mutational processes, hyper performance of pumping out systems, synthesis of secretory saccharides, bioaccumulation and directed flagella based shifting resulting out of hypo-doses of drug stimulation. Further, the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae member strains has been witnessed producing...
Ali Hassan1, Javaria Ashraf1*, Salman Wahid1, Kamran Alyas1, Samaria Nisar1, Sadia Kanwal2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Amna Bibi2 and Rameen Nawaz3
...the important biological phenomenon that has been used to select the top performing parents and hybrids in different crop plants. In cotton, heterosis of morphological and yield related traits using line × tester design is very important to identify best performing parents in future cotton breeding program. Therefore, in this study five lines (MNH-1020, MNH-1035, FH-152, CIM-632 and BS-20) were crossed with three testers (CEMB-100, RH-662 and NIAB-5) usi...
Yanfei Cai1, Jiahong Feng1 and Wanlong Zhu1,2,3*
...etabolic healthy obesity phenomenon brings a new direction for research of obesity problem, but the lack of an animal of metabolic healthy obesity limits its study. Tupaia belangeri is a new type of experimental animal emerging in recent years and is extremely widely used in various disease models because of its evolutionary status and high affinity with primates. Here, in order to judge whether this new experimental animal can serve as special materials in ob...
Iqtidar Hussain1, Ejaz Ahmed Khan1, Jawad Nazir and Ehtesham-ul-Haq1
...: justify;">A biological phenomenon by which one plant releases some chemicals in the environment that affect the rate of germination, seedling emergence, physiology and overall growth of neighbouring plants is called allelopathy. The significance of study was checked allelopathic phytochemical potential of white cedar vern. Bakain (Melia azedarachL.) leaves on wheat.Leaveslitter was used to examine the allelopathic effects of M.azedarach at five concentration...
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
...poverty is a wide spread phenomenon. According to the findings, the people are having very low income. Sherani District is mainly rural area i.e. Poverty is prevalent on larger scale. Although many people have migrated and are working in urban areas like moving toward Dubai and Arab Emirate for their livelihood. In the light of different observations it is crystal clear that Government with very low resources has not done any progress in the development of the...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...n 2010. This unfortunate phenomenon is a matter of routine in our country with slight fluctuation in the intensity of floods every year.
In the months of June and July, we witness floods and its resultant devastations and the havoc played with our crops and economy. Likewise, from October till February of the next year we face acute water shortage for our crops irrigation. The floods during the summer months not only destroy life and property but als...
Jalil Ahmad Khan and Pervaiz Akhtar
...ous end-uses. Like other phenomenon in the universe, trees also require a systematic study. The growth of the trees is influenced by a number of factors involving a study of physiology, ecology and the silvicultural practices. But the foremost consideration which determines their commercial exploitation for various purposes is the basic information about their technological properties. The lack of such information about the home grown species has always bee...
Salman K.A.A1, Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi2, Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory3*
...eatments to T1, the same phenomenon occurred at 12 and 48 hours. At 6 hours, the glucose concentration at T3 and T4 was considerably (P<0.05) lower than at T1, and at 12 hours, all injection parameters were lower than at T1. At 24 o’clock, the glutathione concentration in T3 increased significantly (P≤0.05) compared to the other treatments, while at 48 o’clock, the glutathione concentration in T4 increased compared to the other treatments. Af...
Efi Rokana1, Iin Rohmatul Fatimah1, Brilian Desca Dianingtyas1, Niswatin Hasanah2, Wulandari3, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,3*
...eedlots. ...
Baraa Najim Al-Okaily
...d to oxidative stress, a phenomenon that has been extensively studied and highlighted for many years. Collectively, we can conclude that the oxidative stress is normal when there is a balance between the production rate and scavenger rate. However, it could be detrimental when the ability of body is insufficient to control the production rate or incapable to remove the harmful byproducts resulted from oxidative stress. ...
Jiaojiao Wang, Peng Pan, Tingting Wu and Jianhua Hou*
... direct evidence for the phenomenon that airport environments attract foraging birds. Therefore, to prevent bird strikes at airports, the effect that moving vehicles on lawns has on birds should be considered in addition to efforts to reduce insect densities....
Pacifica Chepchumba Bwogo1*, Samuel Mong’are1, Rael Masai1, Dr. Damaris Matoke-Muhia2
...onsible for driving this phenomenon remain unclear. Methods: The present study, investigated the genetically characterized populations and abundance of malaria vectors captured indoors in three chosen endemic sub-counties of Kisii County, Kenya. Results: The research findings revealed a greater abundance of members from the Anopheles funestus group (12.47 ± 6.06) in contrast to those belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex (4.20 ± 2.08). The i...
Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anhar Mohamed Ali Hasan4
...ral extension due to the phenomenon of climate change in the agricultural sector....
Xueyu Wang1,2, Dejun Zhang1,2, Wancai Xia1,2, Jie Hu1,2, Xiaoxia Yuan1,2, Ali Krzton3 and Dayong Li1,2*
...sons. Another remarkable phenomenon was that R. bieti individuals groomed the anogenital area more frequently before the mating season than on the two other periods, and compared with the birthing season, the rate of grooming on the anogenital region was also higher in the mating season. In conclusion, females made use of grooming as a currency to exchange for valuable resources, and during the mating season grooming was traded for copulation. Meanwhile, groom...
Hassan A. Faisal1, Ahmad Y.L. Hzaa2* and Yahya N. Kalaf1
... challenges has been the phenomenon of redness and immaturity of the fruits. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of spraying nano-silicone (0, 250, and 500) mg. L-1, and rice water extract (0, 50 and 100%) help alleviate and reduce this phenomenon. The results showed that using aqueous rice extract at a concentration of 100% was the most effective treatment, improving most physical and chemical charac...
Kashif-ur-Rehman1,2, Ahmad Bakhsh1, Muhammad Akram Tariq3,
Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan4 and Sumaira Mehboob1*
...y;">Drug resistance is a phenomenon that has received serious attention nowadays in medical practice. Such is the case with clopidogrel treatment response, which is variable inter-individually and inter-ethnically due to genetic polymorphisms in Cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene. Clopidogrel is an anti-platelet agent administered to cardiac patients in the form of a prodrug, which is further metabolized into an active form by the CYP enzymes. There are many allelic v...
Zhihong Huang1, Xuemei Zhang1, Ling Li1, Min Hu1, Mo Chen1 and Qunchao Mei2*
...uency of this epigenetic phenomenon and the expression of CDX1 and CDX2 genes and their relationship with pathological and clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with gastric cancer were investigated. In this study, in order to investigate the promoter methylation of CDX1 and CDX2 genes, one hundred thirty-three tissue samples were analyzed using the Methylation Specific PCR method and in order to investigate gene expression, sixty-one tumor tissue sampl...
Pakistan Journal of Zoology
November
Featuring
-
Morphometric Measurements, Gonopod and Gonopores Appearances in Early Sexual Crablet Stage of Scylla paramamosain (Estampador, 1949)
Muhammad Nur Syafaat, Che Zulkifli Che-Ismail, Adnan Amin-Safwan, Mohamad N. Azra, Mohammad Syahnon, Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi and Mhd Ikhwanuddin
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 759-766
-
Preparation of High Selenized Gastrodia elata Blume Polysaccharide and its Immunomodulatory Effects on RAW264.7 Cells and Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Fengwei Ma, Qihua Wen, Qingfang Deng, Yihao Lu, Buyan Zhang, Yongyou Cheng and Su Xu
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 747-758
-
Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in Liangzi Lake
Ke Li, Hai Liu, Jiangang Zhou, Hongbing Chen and Zhengxiang Wang
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 737-745
-
Histopathological and Molecular Analyses of Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira interrogans in Bovine Kidneys in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman, Siew Zee Ong, Iman Natasha Sofea Jafri, Dayangku Umi Aqilah Pengiran-Isa, Mohamad Sabri Abdul-Rahman, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan, Thilini Nisansala, Soon Heng Goh, Siti Nur Haslina Mamat, C.W. Salma C.W. Zalati, Sazaly AbuBakar and Shih Keng Loong
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 727-736
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