Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
... invasive weed but it is perennial in Pakistan. Parthenium weed is a weed of a national significance in Pakistan. Although, parthenium weed is infesting many parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, but more affected regions are Peshawar valley and Hazara division where it has enormously invaded most of the open spaces like roadsides, wasteland and water ways resulting in loss of local biodiversity. Field survey of district Swabi (Peshawar Valley) of Khyber Pakht...
Bijan Kumar Das
Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...ne (Piper betle L.) is a perennial evergreen shade loving creeper belonging to the family Piperaceae. In India, it is commercially cultivated over an area of 50,000 ha as an important and potential cash crop. In spite of the tremendous potentially of the crop, cultivation of betelvine is highly risky and returns are uncertain because of its susceptibility to several pests and diseases, aggravated by the nature of the plantation. A good number of hemipteran ins...
M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed
Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...sis (L.) O. Kuntze, is a perennial crop and grown as a monoculture on large contiguous areas. Tea plant is subjected to the attack of several notorious pests such as insects, mites, nematodes, diseases and weeds. Globally 1034 species of arthropods and 82 species of nematodes are associated with tea plants. Among them 25 species of insects, 4 species of mites and 10 species of nematodes are recorded from Bangladesh. Enormous crop loss was incurred due to the a...
T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta
Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
... in different commercial perennial ornamentals in gardens and nurseries at Bolpur, Santiniketan and Sriniketan of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India, to study the fungal diseases of some commercial ornamentals. The leaf spot of Ficus religiosa (c.o. Alternaria sp.) is the first record. Fifteen fungal diseases have been formally described from West Bengal for the first time on these twelve ornamentals. Monthly dynamics was determined for occurrence, intensity...
Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**
...icaria recutita L.), and perennial chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) are the most important species all over the world due to multipurpose uses. Field experiments were conducted at Arid Zone Research Centre, Quetta to evaluate the growth and production potential of Matricaria recutita. Two crops a year are possible in highlands of Balochistan. The first production cycle starts from late February upto June and second production period is from August to November. F...
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem*, Munir Ahmad*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza** and Abdul Shakoor*
EFFECT OF TOPPING UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON EARLINESS AND YIELD OF COTTON
...ustify;"> Cotton is perennial plant with indeterminate growth habit. However it has been adopted as annual, so efforts like topping and optimum nitrogen levels to modify its architecture can play a role in improving its success as annual. A field experiment to study the effect of topping under different nitrogen levels on earliness and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, ...
Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
...xtracts solution made of perennial tree leaves. The study compares early growth performance of alfalfa varieties for forage biomass production. The seed was soaked overnight (14 h) in extracts made from dry powdered leaves of Bakayn (Azadir achtaindica), Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) and water (H2O) and planted in pots on the next morning. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the University of Agriculture Peshawar during winter 2013-14...
Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan
... it leaves are compound, perennial and summer deciduous with upper epidermis followed by mesophyll region with vascular bundle and the lower epidermis. The leaf features showed that palisade ratio was (7.35), vein islets number (9), and vein termination number (9.1), stomata number (47) and stomatal index were (42.72). Transverse section of the root showed outer epidermal cells, cortex and pericycle, xylem and phloem cells. Powder drug microscopy, ash analysis...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2,3, Hera Gul4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
...i>), being an evergreen, perennial, multi-stemmed, and multipurpose plant has attracted wide attention due to its economic value, potential by-products and ability to withstand vagaries of the desert environment. By realizing the economic importance of this high-value desert plant, a pioneer study on seed germination response to various agro-climatic factors was conducted at the Arid Zone Research Institute Bahawalpur. Healthy jojoba seeds were sown at the for...
A.E.S. Patrick1,*, S. Kuganathan2 and U. Edirisinghe3
Muhammad Ajmal Khan1, Muhammad Yahya2*, Ali Hazrat2, Javed Khan3, Saeed Jan4, Tabinda Nowsheen2 and Inam Ullah5
...horatum is a rhizomatous perennial herb. The current study investigated the phytochemical constituents, antioxidants, and antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of T. camphoratum leaves. The methanolic extract was quantitatively evaluated for alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids contents. The antibacterial activity of methanolic leaves extract of T. camphoratum was carried out against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains through agar well...
Iqtidar Hussain1*, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1, Ehtesham Ul Haq1, Faheem Abbas1 and Muhammad Saqib Raza Shah1
...ctional allelopathy from perennial plants (trees) surrounding our crops in the field is our focus in agroforestry. To quantify its severity, the phytotoxic impact of popular (Populus deltoides L.) leaves aqueous extract was determined in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucumL.), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench. Response of aqueous leaves extract...
Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3
...y was related to sale of perennial crops and sale of livestock. The study suggested for sustainable smallholder agricultural development programs along with farmers’ facilitation by giving interest free loan and digitalization to update timely information regarding weather and markets for improving rural livelihood....
Zahra Abdulameer Al-Zayadi1, Hana Kadum Shanan1, Al Salihi Karima Akool2*
...ly known as Costus, is a perennial effective root extensively used to treat various ailments. This study intends to evaluate the anticancer effect of Sc- Root Extract (Sc-RE) against cancer induced by intraperitoneal injection of Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30 (PVP) in mice. 72 mice divided randomly into eight groups (G1, control group; G2, Sc-RE group; G3, chemotherapy alone; G4 cancer- group without treatment, G5, cancer-induced + chemotherapy; G6, cancer induce...
Elena Balarezo1*, Jose Luis Flores1 and Brendan Cullen2
...on. The combined adapted perennial ryegrass DR+HT is the most effective adaptation alternative to counteract the effects of climate change on pasture growth. The combined adapted perennial ryegrass DR+HT and the multiple adaptations FCE+DR+HT are the most effective ways to counteract the effects on overall feed consumption. The best adaptation strategy to combat the decline in milk production is to use the multiple adaptatio...
Haroon Khan1*, M. Mubassir Khan1, Bakhitar Gul1, M. Fawad1 and Imtiaz Khan1
...ual and the rest 12 were perennial. Annuals were reported from all three sites, while perennials were found in the non-field area i.e. irrigation canals, field ridges, orchards, and undisturbed waste areas. Data regarding absolute and relative density, frequency and relative frequency and importance valve were recorded by the quadrate method. Cynodon dactylon had the highest relative density (27.21%), followed by Digiteria s...
Maqsood Anwar1, Naveed Akhtar1*, Shah Khalid1 and Hassan Zeb2
...19 (67.8%) species while perennials shared 9 (32.2%) species. Life form spectra indicated that therophytes were dominant and abundant life form with 17 (60.7%) species. Leaf size spectra showed that microphylls were major class with 12 (42.8 %) species. There were 25 (89.3%) species with simple leaves, 2 (7.1 %) species with compound leaves while 1 (3.6 %) species was represented by dissected leaves....
Umm-e-Kalsoom , Siraj ud Din Kakar , Muhammad Azim Khan , Zahid Hussain , Ayub Khan
Ashar Farooq1*, Mohammad Salim2, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Zahid Rauf1, Ahmed Hussain2 and Muhammad Bilal Zia1
...ive performance of three perennial forage species of Panicum grass subjected to different clipping stages at Range Research Garden, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar. Randomized Complete Block Design with Factorial arrangement having four replications was used for layout of the experiment. Treatment combinations consisted of three species i.e. Panicum antidotale, Panicum coloratum and Panicum maximum and three clipping stages viz. Pre-bo...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...igher elevations acquire perennial nature due to short growing season of 4 to 6 months and hence require a prolong growth periods of 6 to 10 years depending upon plant species concerned. Disturbance in the regeneration pattern is also affected by heavy grazing and intensive felling of trees in particular area. Due to increase in population and simultaneously of animals the grazing pressure has increased tremendously and thus unpalatable or even poisonous plant...
Sarfraz Ahmad, Sarwat N. Mirza and Muhammad Islam
...lata a Mediterranean perennial shrub was evaluated under natural rainfall regimes to assess its potential of germination and establishment under drill and broadcast seeding treatments for range improvement in highland Balochistan. Seeds of S. vermiculata germinated in both treatments with higher germination percentage in drill seeding. Apparently, no differences were observed for seedling survival and seedling establishment between drill and broadca...
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
...the
important palatable perennial grasses representing
the climax of range ecosystem in highland
Balochistan. Now, these have been replaced by
Saba/Kaj (Chrysopogon aucheri), a sub-climax
stage in deterioration of the original cover
(Johnston and Hussain, 1963). However, for
practical purposes, Chrysopogon may be
considered the best cover presently attainable.
Because of low forage production, the health of
livestock that makes use of this v...
Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Muslim
...etermined.
The plant is perennial at higher hills and good yield of
leaves was recorded during second and third year's
growth of the plant. Roots of A. acuminata attained
exploitable size after three years growth....
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...inale), an important perennial rhizomatous herb indigenous to Southern Asia, is now widely cultivated for spices and drugs throughout the tropics. The feasibility of its introduction is being studied in Pakistan. Work on the collection of information on the diseases of the crop was initiated at the Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar and available literature on the subject was reviewed.
Ramakrishnan (1949) reported the occurrence of Pythium vexa...
Ashiq Ahmad and M. Ismail Chaudhry
..., agricultural crops and perennial grasses. Trees are debarked, young plants and shisham stumps are uprooted. They breed twice a year and usually give birth to tow young ones who live initially in mother's milk switching to tender barks 2-3 months later.
...
Luqman1*, Zahid Hussain2, Tamana Bakht3, Miftah-Ud-Din1, Haroon Khan2, Muhammad
Rameez Khan1, Ata Ullah1 and Faraz Ali Shah1, Imtiaz Khan2 and Abdul Majid Khan Dawar2
...als, while the rest were perennials. A. Among the different
locations of Chitral, the highest weed seed bank was recorded in the soil samples of ARS
Shen Lasht area.. The lowest seed bank was recorded in the soil samples of Garam
Chashma, which was however statistically at par with the rest of the locations studied in
Chitral. The major weed seed bank lies in the upper 6-12 cm depth of the soil. Out of the
...
Arshad Javaid1*, Malik F. H. Ferdosi2, Iqra Haider Khan1, Amna Shoaib1, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed2, Muhammad Abrar Ul Hassan1
...major L. is an evergreen perennial weed of family Apocynaceae, growing naturally in hilly areas of Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Flowers of this weed were collected during June 2021, shade dried and extracted in pure methanol for two weeks. After filtration, the extract was analyzed by GC-MS for the identification of possible bioactive compounds. α-Amyrin was the major compound (32.49%) followed by lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3β)-...
Fawad Ali1, 2, Gul Hassan2*, Naveed Akhtar3, Muhammad Jamal Babar3 and Ataullah Jan4
... species overwhelmed the perennials. Creeping perennial herbs (21.88%) consisted of 7 species, while one species reprepresented creeping perennial shrubs (3.13%). The dominance of annuals could be attributed to the fact that under annual tillage regime the perennials are not successful to establish as their perennating parts are disturbed by tillage, whi...
Shahid Ali Khan1*, Farooq Ahmad1, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Yan Tongyu3, Fatima Urooj1, Kamran Ahmad1, Saeed Ullah4, Sharmeen Zulfiqar5, Tahira Batool6, Aqsa Sarwar1, Yaqoob Sultan7 and Samreen Nazeer8*
...s of plants are annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The identifying characteristic feature of plants in this family is the formation of milky latex, because of their succulent nature; they can tolerate or resist water deficit conditions. Different ecotypes of this genus were collected from different areas of Faisalabad region. Different species of this genus Euphorbia hitra was collected by random collection method for morpho-anatomical studies of roo...
Shahid Ali Khan1*, Farooq Ahmad1, Fatima Urooj1, Shabana Ehsan2, Yan Tongyu3, Tahira Batool4, Aqsa Bibi1, Muhammad Bilal1, Amrat Eman1, Javeria Tariq1, Ansa Asghar1, Yang Yan5, Asima Shabbir2 and Samreen Nazeer6*
...bits, including annuals, perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees. The distinguishing trait of plants in this family is the production of milky latex due to their succulent nature, enabling them to withstand or withstand water scarcity conditions. Various ecotypes of this species were gathered from distinct regions within the Faisalabad area. Various species of the Euphorbia helioscopia genus were randomly collected for morpho-anatomical examinations of their roots,...
