Muhammad Ashraf Khan1, Hizbullah Khan1, Abid Farid2
Ali Muhammad*, Muhammad Ayub
...st important part of the olive tree which is popular for their medicinal values. Due to its bitter taste the fruit is unable to eat directly because the fruit contain high level of bitter glucoside such as oleourepean. Aim of this research work was to reduce the bitterness level of olive fruit by different treatment such as water, salt and lye solution which were coded as RW1, RW2 and RW3 respectively. During treatment proce...
Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2
...mical properties between olive and palm oils. Laboratory experiment on “Effect of stress conditions on the quality and stability of olive and palm oil blends” was conducted at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Tarnab Peshawar and The University of Agriculture Peshawar KP-Pakistan during 2015. Olive: palm oils treated in sole or admixture at various ratios were k...
Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3
...), comet tail length and olive tail moment (OTM) were the parameters selected to detect DNA damage. Low doses (120 µg L-1) of each metal induced significantly higher levels of DNA strands breaks as compared to medium dose (240 µg L-1) and very low levels of DNA damaged was observed at high dose (360 µg L-1). Cu and Pb showed significantly higher value of % of tail DNA (56.74±1.81, 47.36±1.23) and comet tail length (41.30±...
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
... (FO), soybean oil (SO), olive oil (OO) and palm oil (PO) were given to the juveniles for 60 days. Best specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were noted in the fish fed diet containing FO. Fish fed diet comprising OO and PO showed poor SGR and FCR values than those fed with FO and SO diets. Body composition was not significantly influenced by different lipid sources although low crude lipid was found in fish fed diet containing FO. The hep...
Riaz Alam* and Muhammad Sajid
...ponse and performance of olive cultivars through Air-Layerage was determined at Olive Model Farm, Sangbhatti Mardan-Pakistan during the year 2014. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors factorial arrangement. Air layerings were practiced on July 1, 16, 31; August 15, 30 and September 14 in plants of olive cultivars Frontoio, Manzanilla, O...
Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Amanullah, Saifullah Khan, Basharat Hussain Shah and Munir Ahmed Khetran*
...emi-hardwood cuttings of olive (Olea europea) variety Coratina with 2–4 leaves and 15–18 cm in length were obtained from existing progeny in an orchard of Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), Quetta, Pakistan. The basal portion of these cuttings were treated with 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm IBA solution for 3- 4 seconds. The treated cuttings were immediately planted in polyethylene tubes (10 cm x 20 cm) filled with a sandy loam soil. In the control, the c...
Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*
EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...tance. Unfruitfulness in olive has frequently been observed which may be attributed to numerous factors. Some of them are probably related to the internal imbalance of growth regulators and other physiological factors. Plant growth regulating hormones like gibberellic acid (GA ), salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone and/ 3 or coupled with girdling operations may improve cropping potential of existing olive...
Muhammad Siddiq1*, Sahib Alam2, Hamid Ullah Shah2, Zafar Iqbal2, Kalsoom Siddiq3 and Taufeq Ahmad4
...nvestigate the effect of olive and palm oils blends on the sensory attributes of potato (Solanium tuberosum L.) cultivar Carola chips during three successive frying sessions. Olive and palm oils were blended in the ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 40:60 and 60:40% and the blends as well as the sole oils were used for frying of potato chips. The fried potato chips were evaluated for appearance, taste, texture, color and overall accept...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Tehseen Zamir3, Zahid Hussain1, Syed Shahid Ali4*
...or lipase production was olive oil and mustard oil cake and the best carbon sources were fructose and maltose whereas yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source, showing 55U/mL enzyme activity. The best inoculum size for the growth of this strain was 4-5%. Optimum pH was 8 and best temperature was 40oC for the reported strain. Addition of divalent Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions resulted in 2-fold increase in enzyme activity whi...
Fan Yi1,2, Xiaobin Yang1, Shigen Ye1, Hua Li1 and Ruijun Li1,*
...mals. In this study, 300 olive flounders (Paralichthys olivaceus) were stochastically divided into four experimental groups: basal diet feeding group, 0.5% HCT continuous feeding group, 1% HCT feeding group, and 1% HCT interval feeding group. Three replicates were set for each treatment, and 25 fish were stocked on each replicate. The results of continuous feeding experiments showed that the continuous addition of 0.5% and 1% HCT feed for 28 days could ...
M. M. A Youssef and W. M. A. El-Nagdi †
Effect of some temperature changes on the population density of some plant parasitic nematode species
...ants viz., date palm and olive in both soil and roots was investigated. These nematodes were negatively correlated with the prevailing average soil temperature during four seasons (autumn= 20°C; spring= 22°C; summer= 27°C and winter= 14°C)....
Hamza Tariq1, Imran Hayat1, Saima Rafiq1*, Aqsa Qayyum2 and Sohrab Qayyum1
...tios of apple and autumn olive juice (T1= Apple 100% + Autumn olive 0%, T2 = Apple 80% + Autumn olive 20%, T3= Apple 60% + Autumn olive 40%, T4 = Apple 40% + Autumn olive 60%, T5 = Apple 20% + Autumn olive 80%, T6 = Apple 0% + Autumn olive 100%) an...
Rabab Rafaqat1, Habib Ahmed Rathore1, Tariq Masud2, Imran Hayat1* and Imtiaz Hussain1
Determination of Different Chemical Constituents of Fruit, Leaves and Oil of Olea cuspidata (Wild Olive) Grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
... of Olea cuspidata (wild olive). For this purpose, the moisture content, crude fibre, crude protein, total oil, ash content and nitrogen free extract of fruit and leaves were studied. Extracts of wild olive fruit and leaves were made in four different solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone and water). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of fruit and leaves extracts in these solvents were determined. ...
Safiullah1, Azmat Ali Awan2, Mohammad Ilyas3, Fahim Ullah Khan3, Arshad Iqbal3*, Muhammad Adil3 and Asad Ullah1
Effects of Different Concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid on Rooting of Various Olive Varieties
...A) on rooting of various olive varieties (Hamdi, Nocellara and Sevallino) an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar during 2016. The trial was performed using two factorial RCBD. Cuttings were collected from mature olive orchard. The cuttings were treated for ten seconds in required concentration of NAA solutions. According to the experimental results, minimum days to root appearan...
Li Yao1,2,3, AnQing Zhang1,2,3, HaiYan Zhang2, Jian Shao1,2,3, Ming Wen2,4, ChangAn Wang5, HaiBo Jiang1,2,3,* and Ming Li6,*
Noor Ayaz1*, Faiza Aman1, Sidra Saleem1*, Maqbool Rehman1 and Muhammad Fahim2
Olive Cuttings as Affected by Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid
...le butyric acid (IBA) on olive cuttings, a greenhouse study was conducted, at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab during the growing season 2016. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four treatments that were replicated three times. The IBA concentrations used were (T1: control, T2: 1000 mgL-1, T3: 2000 mgL-1, T4: 3000 mgL-1). Data were recorded on days to 50% sprouting, number of sprouts cutting-1, sprouts length cutting-1, number of leaves cu...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2 and Muhammad Ijaz1
Techniques for Micropropagation of Olive (Olea europaea L.): A Systematic Review
...sed for proliferation of olive (Olea europaea L.) tree which is globally cultivated for centuries and its value added products are consumed worldwide. The traditional propagation techniques of olive are uneconomical with wastage of time while micropropagation of olive may expedite the development of important characteristics like biotic and abiotic resistance with high yield and premium qu...
Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1*, Muhamad Jan1, Azhar Hussain2, Shoaib Akhtar1, Hussain Nawaz1, Muhammad Afzal3 and Humara Umar1
...mption and production of olive is attaining great importance day by day in Pakistan. The table olive varieties with large sized fruit have great attraction for olive growers and consumers. The last three-years (2017-2019) study was conducted with the objective to evaluate varietal performance of table olives i.e. Ascolana, BARI Zaitoon-1, Earlik, Gemlik,...
Muhammad Rafique1, Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar2, Muhammad Jan2 and Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2
...is a growing interest in olive cultivation, especially in those regions where wild olive groves exist particularly in Punjab (Pothwar), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balouchistan. Few areas of these regions are considered suitable for its commercial cultivation, where minimum temperature occurs between 10oC and 12oC during end March before olive flowering. In recent past, mass scale
Asma Kaouachi1, Mohcen Menaa1*, Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah2 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi1
...consumption of fruits of olives Olea europea and Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis. The direct field observations permitted to note that the summer diet was dominated by the cereals.
...
Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2
...intensity for successful olive propagation under greenhouse conditions. The data regarding days to root initiation, number of roots, root length, days to shifting, rooted cutting percentage and callus percentage were collected under four different treatments. Cutting under the only green net (5944 lux), white net (11428 lux) only upper side white net (8484 lux) and both green and white net (5538). The results were found significant regarding the interaction be...
Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Shoaib Akhtar1, Inam Ul Haq2, Muhammad Ramzan Anser1 and Iqra Yasmin1
...factor for production of olive fruit and oil. Keeping in view the modern fruit production physiology, nutrients serve as stimulants for cell development and fruit production. In Pakistan, Olive cultivation and production started from a previous one decade. Farmers have a lack of trend for fertilizer application to Olive orchards in a proper dose. Olive i...
Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1
...ext-align: justify;">The olive Harvest time of northern Morocco where veterinary technology and control are absent depends, on local agricultural culture and community experiences local, therefore harvesting periods are related to the degree of maturity of the olives from the point of view of the village women, thus determines maturity for them, is not a scientific criterion, but a specific period of time or a particular sea...
Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2 and Durri Shahwar3
... the rooting response of olive cultivar in air-layering” was conducted at Olive Model Farm, Sangbhatti, Mardan-Pakistan during the year 2015 using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Air layering was practiced in cultivars: Frontoio, Manzanilla, Pendolino, Ottobratica and Picual during monsoon season. The de-barked portions at the terminal sides were applied with 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm IBA solution with ...
Wassan Mhammed Husain1*, Zainab Sattar Ali2
... an equivalent volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.). G4: were treated twice a week with 500 mg/kg BW of CCL4 mixed with an equivalent amount of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg BW) and gavaged with (0.035 mg/kg BW) of Phitofert ® daily. In the tenth and twenty-eighth of the experiment, blood samples were taken by heart puncture for serum collection. In comparison to all other groups, the current results reveal a significant (p≤0....
Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro1*, Nadeem Sadiq1, Javed Ahmed Abro1, Amanullah1, Fateh Muhammad2, Maqbool Ahmed3, Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Shah3 and Qasid Hussain4
...owth and developments of olive saplings and soil nutrient status improved through mineral fertilizer when applied in soil during the two periods (three months), besides treatment 5 (NPK 50:25:25) was the superior in this concern....
Kubilay Ucar1, Görkem Oruk2 and Sait Engindeniz1*
...e fruit production after olives and peaches. In Turkey, plum production comes after olive, apricot, peach, cherry and cherry production. Turkey is among the important plum producing countries of the world. Izmir province has a high potential in terms of climate and geographical features in terms of fruit growing. Leading plum production regions are the Mediterranean Region, the Aegean region, the Marmara Region and the Centr...
Ghada Mohamed Safwat1*, Mohamed Ahmed Kandiel1, Omayma A.R. Abozaid2, Mahmoud Mohamed Arafa3, Sahar Omar Mohamed4
...ical effect of adding 7% olive cake as feed additives on lipid profile, fatty acids, antioxidants concentrations in serum and/or egg yolk and on gene expression of fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase in laying hens. The experiment was applied on 42 Commercial Mandarah strain laying hens which divided equally into control and olive cake (7%) group.Addition of olive cake (7%) led ...
Abid Hussain1, Mubbashira Nazir2*, Saira Batool2 and Sidra Majeed1
... of micro-catchments for olive orchards and fruit trees in rain-fed Pothwar have been carried out. Socioeconomic characteristics of the adopter farmers have also been studied. The study is based on primary data that was collected from 110 sample farmers in the year 2018. It is found that adopters of the gypsum technology are more educated, having large family size, operational land and livestock holdings. Gypsum application at a rate of 0.26 ton per acre doubl...
Amal Ramadan Fawy1, Hussein Yousef Ahmed2, El-Sayed S.E. Shabana3, Mohamed Abdelfattah Maky4*
...fat with vegetable oils (olive oil and rice bran oil) on their quality. Twenty beef burger samples were collected from Qena markets, Egypt. They were divided into four groups based on their price; A, B, C, and D, with group A being the cheapest while the group D being the most costly. Proximate and quality analysis were conducted. Group D of Egyptian beef burger had a greater protein than other groups as well as being the best in terms of quality. Further...
Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah1, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Aslam3, Rizwan Latif4, Muhammad Arif5, Muhammad Tahir Akbar6 and Hafiz Husnain Nawaz1
...rnate bearing control in olive....
Reem M. Ramadan1, Fady Sayed Youssef2, Gehad Genidy Mohamed3, Sameh Hamed Ismail4, M.M. El-Bahy1, Shimaa Abdel-Radi1*
...f nanocurcumin (curcumin-olive oil nano-composite; C-Oo.Nc) was produced and characterized in the present study. The produced nanoparticles are spherical with 63 nm zeta size and high stability in the aqueous media. The coccidiocidal efficacy of the C-Oo.Nc was evaluated versus five chicken Eimeria species oocysts. The immature oocysts were exposed to 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppm, each for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36 h. Percentage of sporulation inhibition in oocysts ...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Humara Umar1, Farah Umar2, Naeem Akhtar3 and Muhammad Jan4
...bility of a widely grown olive cv. “Arbequina”. This research aimed to enhance the rooting ability of semi-hardwood cuttings through application of different separate and combined concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA), urea phosphate (UP) and paclobutrazol (PB). These chemicals were evaluated under seven treatments in controlled greenhouse environment and tested for different rooting parameters. The results obtained showed significant effect ...
I. K. A. Ibrahim1 and Z. A. Handoo2†
...re very common on guava, olive trees and sugar beet. Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, M. incognita,
Pratylenchus sp., Rotylenchulus reniformis and Xiphinema sp. were observed in spearmint soil samples. The dagger
nematode Xiphinema rivesi was found in orange soil samples from El-Nobarria, El-Beheira governorate. In lantana
soil samples from El-Giza governorate, Aglenchus geraerti, Bitylenchus ventrosignatus, Coslenchus capsic...
O. A. Fabiyi
...al potential of Daniella oliveri leaves. The leaves
of D. oliveri were air dried and extracted with n-hexane, there after acetone. The concentrated extracts were
subjected to chromatography on a silica gel packed column. The nematicidal activity of the fractions were
evaluated in the laboratory using a 4x4x3 factorial experiment, while the crude extracts were tested on
Meloidog...
Muhammad Arabi Awan1, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz2*, Naeem Akhtar2 and Azmat Ali Awan3
...ext-align: justify;">The olive psyllid, also known as Euphyllura olivina, is a small insect that feeds on the sap of olive trees. It belongs to the family Psyllidae, which includes other plant-sucking insects. The psyllid can cause significant damage to the olive tree, affecting its growth and yield, and also reducing the quality of the olives produced. ...
Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1
...ng on the cultivation of olive trees to meet the rising demand for edible oil, save foreign exchange, and improve the farming community’s livelihoods. It is a matter of fact that training plays an important role in building the farmer’s capacities, raising awareness, and providing them with modern knowledge by enhancing their performance to achieve the ultimate goals. However, farmers struggle to manage the olive...
Bahlouli Fayçal1*, Chourghal Nacira2, Salamani Amel3, Benaini Mohammed4, Maamri Khelifa2, Kachaou Cherifa5, Djaballah Melak5, Atek Younes6 and Aissat Fares6
...ext-align: justify;">The olive tree (Olea europaea. L), is a characteristic species of the Mediterranean landscape, which has many varieties with significant phenotypic diversity. In our work we studied 6 varieties: Azéradj, Frontoio, Neb Djmel, Limli, Sigoise and Chemlal, at the level of the area of El-Annasser, wilaya of Bordj-Bou-Arréridj, this study is based on phenological, physiological and agronomic characterizations established by COI (19...
Fatimah A. Al-Saeed
...o examine the effects of olive (Olea oleaster) leaves extract on male rats exposed to Cd (15 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The male rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group served as control (CTL) that orally administered saline solution. The second group was exposed to Cd in a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. The third group was treated with olive leaves extract (600 mg/kg b.w.) and exposed to Cd. The fourth group was t...
Tehreem Iqbal1, Roheela Yasmeen1* and Faheem Hafeez2
...rol (P; treated with 1ml olive oil), and positive control (BG1; only treated with BPA). Treated groups were included the pretreated group (CG2; pretreated with C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/BW 24 hours before BPA) and the post-treated group (CG3; post-treated with C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/BW 24 hours before BPA). In the experiment Sprague Dawley rats were fed by BPA that was followed by the intake of C. cassia at 225 mg/kg/BW of the rat. Liver (Total bilirubin, alkalin...
Waseef Ullah Khan*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub
...f employing both natural olive leaves extract (OLE) and minimal chemical preservatives (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) for preserving mango OLE blend over a 90 days period. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of OLE effectively preserved the chemical quality and sensory characteristics of mango OLE blend with added chemical preservatives. Results showed that all samples retained total soluble solids between (17.89-20.80˚Brix), pH (4.06- 4.91)...
Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2
... incorporation of sieved olive pulp (SOP) treated with Econase (E), dry yeast (DY), or both on productive performance of laying hens. Total of 147 Mandarah laying hens (28-week old) were assigned to seven groups. The first group was fed a control diet, while six treatment groups were fed diets containing 15 or 20% SOP with Econase (0.1g/kg), DY (0.3g/kg), or both. The tested diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetics (16% CP and 2750 kcal ME/kg). During a fee...
Muhammad Ayub1*, Syed Arif Husain Rizvi2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Musa Ali Hashmi4, Iqbal Hussain5, Shahid Hussain1, Zakir Hussain1 and Rehmat Kabir6
...iata Wall.), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus hortensis M. Bieb) were examined for mealybug population density trends and host preference. The findings indicated that implementing both soil racking and egg removal techniques resulted in a significant reduction (92.29%) in the population of mealybugs compared to the control trees. Furthermore, a maximum number of adult mealybugs (512) were recorded in Gunny bags wrapped on willow (S. wilhelmsiana M. Bieb) tree trun...
Pedro Nunes1*, José Teixeira1,2, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Divanildo Monteiro1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3
...ing by-products from the olive oil sector in animal feed can become economically feasible for producers by offering alternative sources of dietary fiber, thereby expanding the potential applications of these by-products. This study aimed to assess the effects of incorporating Exhausted Olive Cake (EOC) into commercial rabbit diets on zootechnical performance, carcass characteristics, and visceral development. To achieve this...
Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2, Imtiaz Hussain3, Gulzar Ullah1, Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Arshad Farooq3 and Rashid Muhammad4
... Pendolino, and Frontoio olive cultivars were assessed for quality attributes at various stages of harvesting, i.e., Lemon green, Semi-ripe and Ripe. The extracted oil from Manzanilla fruits has lower Peroxide Value (POV) (3.21 meq kg-1) with high chlorophyll (4.58 mg L-1) as well as Phenol (616.67 mg kg-1) contents. The extracted oil from Frontoio fruits exhibited a lower percentage of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) (0.43%) and a higher carotene content (2.70 mg L-1)...
Mohammad Athar and Syed Mahmood Nasir
... determine host range of olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) in California. Since its first appearance in California in 1998, the olive fruit fly has spread from Los Angeles to 37 counties, including all of the state's commercial olive growing areas. Olive fruit fly was trapped from 19 tree species belonging to nine genera distributed in seven f...
M. Saleem Khattak, Hafiz Inayatullah and Sharafat Khan
... economic propagation of olive, Olea europea L.
cultivar Leceino cuttings. Three growth regulators
namely, Indole 3-acetic acid, Indole 3-butyric acid and
1-Naphthalene acetic acid each with 3000, 6000 and 9000
PPM in 50%alcohol were used as
Quick Dipmethod on the semi hardwood cuttings of the aforesaid species. Better routings (22.25%) were produced with Indole 3-butyric acid at 6000PPM as compared to I.A.A. and NAA. The non-treated cut...
G. M. Baloch and M. A. Ghani
...ts and orchards (e.g., olives, apples, almonds, cherries) (Gill and Hawksworth, 1961). Witchweeds, Striga spp., mostly damage graminaceous plants (e.g., sorghum, corn, sugarcane, pearl millet) (Greathead and Milner, 1971) while broomrapes, Orobanche spp, attack crucifers, eucurbits, potato, egg plant, tomato, sunflower, carrot, celery, lettuce and legumes (Kasaian, 1971). The dodders, Cuscuta spp., parasitise a large number of plants inc...
Wali-ur-Rehman and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...have been tested against olive psyllid ( Euphyllura olivine Costa)in 20,25 and 30 g per plant of 60,150and 240cm height.
Termik gave 100%kill of nymphs and adults within 3 to 7 days in each height groups of plants. Terracur gave 100%mortality of nymphs in 10-20 days only in the smaller plants. Disyston rated 3rd by giving 96%mortality of nymphs only in highest dose and smaller
plants. Disyston other insecticides other insecticides showed no effect aga...
Muhammad Jan1*, Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal1, Inam-ul-Haq1, Attiq Ur Rehman1, Javeria Sherani3, Muhammad Imran3 and Rizwan Latif4
...hest price and demand of olive oil and other value-added products enforcing the farmer of Potohar area to cultivate marginal land in Pakistan. Currently, more than 5.00 million olive plants had been planted over an area of 40450 hectares in the area of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Punjab, Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit Balistan (GB). This is only possible due to availability of certified ...
Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady
... administered 0.25 ml of olive oil; treated rats received subcutaneous injections of 50 µg/rat of estradiol benzoate dissolved in 0.25 ml of olive oil for 15 successive days. After 24hrs from the last treatment session, rats in both groups were weighed, put under general anesthesia, and blood samples were taken to estimate testosterone and estrogen serum concentrations using competitive ELISA kits. The scrotum was diss...
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