Keith Ward
Science, Religion and Culture
...gn’ (with Leonard Mlodinow, Bantam Books, London, 2010), Stephen Hawking agrees that we should attempt to answer the questions ‘Why is there something rather than nothing? Why do we exist?’ and ‘Why this particular set of laws and not some other?’ (p. 19). In his book he proposes to answer those questions, from a purely scientific point of view (‘Philosophy is dead’, he announces on p. 13, even though the whole book is...
A. K.Bhattacherjee and B. K. Pandey
Dissipation of carbendazim in mango after pre- and post-harvest treatments
...nd stem end rot (Lasiodiplodia theobromae). Carbendazim dissipated to 1.01 and 2.14 mg kg in mature whole fruit after harvest (12 days after second spray) at 0.05 and 0.1 per cent concentrations, respectively, following first order rate kinetics. The corresponding values in fruit pulp after 12 days were 0.57 and 1.26 mg kg . In another experiment, cold water dip treatment in carbendazim solution @0.05 and 0.1 percent was given for 10 min to a separate lot of f...
Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra
Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
... dry fruit rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and Phytophtora fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var parasitica) of guava were analysed for predictive purpose from regression equations. The simple correlation coefficient matrix showed significantly positive correlation of canker severity with maximum relative humidity at 1% level whereas, anthracnose correlated well with minimum relative humidity, temperature and number of rainy days at 5% level. The negative cor...
T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta
Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...Jasminum sambac; Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Diplocarpon rosae on Rosa multiflora. On the other hand, Cercospora sp. on Pothos scindapsus aureus; Alternaria alternata and Cercospora gerberae on Gerbera jamesonii; Glomerella cingulata on Ficus elastica; Alternaria tenuissima on Bougainvillea glabra were at their highest and fastest during hot and dry (summer to pre-rainy) months. A generalized 0-9 point scale was prepared and used to determine severity (= Perc...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2
...ge gave lower percent of lodging. Results for nitrogen indicated that bolls numbers per plant, bolls weight, lint yield, earliness, lodging, BCR, fibre length and fineness were highest at 150-200 kg N/hectare. The fibre characteristics Indicated that RT had no unfavorable influence on fiber length and fineness compared to FT. In conclusion, RT is a resourceful alternative tillage method for rising earliness %, cotton yield a...
...dent that the quality of lodging environs and area range had solid connection with frequency of various normal and abnormal types of behavior in captive animals.
... 
Nasreen Sultana* and A.Ghaffar**
...n the control of Lasiodiplodia theobromae , the cause of seed rot, seedling and root infection on bottle gourd was studied in vitro and in vivo. Carbendazim and Topsin-M completely inhibited the growth of L. theobromae in vitro at 50 ppm whereas Aliette, Benlate, Mancozeb, Ridomil and Vitavax showed complete inhibition of colony growth at 100 ppm. Invariably all fungicides at three different concentration viz., 1, 2, 3 g (a.i.) kg-1 seeds reduced the recovery ...
Shahid Iqbal Khattak*, Muhammad Amjad Nadim**, Mohammad Safdar Baloch**, Kashif Waseem** and Muhammad Sohail***
IMPACT OF VARIABLE SEEDING DATES ON CEREALS' PERFORMANCE UNDER AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...with each other. Data on lodging of these cereal crops was also observed during the study. Barley was the crop showing maximum lodging (35.83 %) which led the same to lowest grain yield. The minimum lodging (8.33 %) was noted in oat crop. It was also observed that earlier sowing showed more lodging due to longer growth period. The study concludes that ce...
Hongwei Liang1,2,*, Miaomiao Tong1, Lihuan Cao1,2, Xiang Li3, Zhong Li1 and Guiwei Zou1,*
...ft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis) have been consumed as food and as a medicinal tonic in several countries. The amino acid and fatty acid profiles of muscle and calipash of Huaihe River, Yellow River, and Japanese strains of Chinese soft-shelled turtles were analyzed and compared. Calipash had higher concentrations of flavor amino acids than muscle. Muscle tissue of the Huaihe River strain had the highest concentration of pharmacodynamic amino ac...
Senol Celik1,*, Ecevit Eyduran2, Adile Tatliyer3, Koksal Karadas4, Mehmet Kazim Kara2 and Abdul Waheed5
...s amongst Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF), Logistic, Von-Bertalanffy and Janosheck models, based on monthly records of body weight from birth to 1 year in Daera Din Panah (DDP) goat. Based on coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2ADJUSTED) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used. Janosheck model was chosen as the most appropriate model for its highest R2 (0.999) and smallest RMSE ...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...rotozoans species (Chilodonella sp, Trichodina sp; Ichthyobodo sp. Epistylis sp. Tetrahymena sp. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis; Piscinoodinium pillulare;); three monogeneans species including (Dactylogyrus extensus, D. vastator; Gyrodactylus turnbulli,); one digenean (Cryptocotyle sp.), two nematode (Capillaria sp., Camallanus sp.); two crustaceans (Argulus foliac...
Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram
... Alternaria sp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium sp. After sequencing of DNA the pathogen species identified includes fungal Colletotrichum sp. These pathogens are involved in deterioration the skin of Citrus reticulate. They can either attack the healthy fruit leading to various infections or they can enter through various lesions caused by physical stress and worsen the condition. ...
Muhammad Salman Wazir and Mohammad Akmal
...adding that it minimized lodging resistant of intercrop over sole wheat and that wheat intercrop with fababean has a potential to harvest quality grains with sustainable soil management at wheat – maize cropping system ...
Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2
...aster” as it is a plodding physical process and its effects spatially varies. Misperception on drought and its features is common in defining policies and caused delays in its prevention (Gore, 2002). Pakistan is one the counties which is affected badly by drought. In near Past, Pakistan faced one of the worst drought span drought in 50 years from 1998 to 2003 which harshly affected socially and economically. The present study was conducted on dry land a...
Muhammad Arshad Hussain1 and Tariq Mukhtar2,*
Roshan Ali1, Afsar Ali2, Shamsher Ali2, Muhammad Arshad Khan3*, Haroon Shahzad3, Noman Latif3, Muhammad Waheed4, Ashraf Khan5 and Murad Ali6
... mostly affected through lodging in Swat valley. The treatments consisted of control, 50 kg silicon ha-1, 100 kg silicon ha-1 and 150 kg silicon ha-1. Field had 12 plots with size of 12 m× 6 m = 72m2. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments having three (03) replications. Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) variety JP 5 was tested. The maximum plant height (90 cm) was recorded in T4 when silicon was applied at the rat...
Muhammad Akbar Ali Shah1, Gamze Özel2, Christophe Chesneau3, Muhammad Mohsin4, Farrukh Jamal5* and Muhammad Faheem Bhatti6
Muhammad Usama Hameed*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Sajjad Khan and Allah Bakhsh
... oat is a newly approved lodging-resistant, late-maturing, and high-yielding fodder oats variety developed at Fodder and Forage Research Program, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. This variety was selected from material imported from New Zealand for better agronomic characters and improved fodder yield. For initial two years (2006-07 and 2007-08) selections were made, and head-to-row method was used to reduce hetrozygosity. In 2...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal3
... Four herbicides namely Clodinafop-propargayl (Clodinafop) @ 0. 25 and 0.375 kg ha-1, Paraquat and Glyphosate @ 1.5 and 2 L ha-1 and Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Puma super) @ 1.0 and 1.5 L ha-1 were applied on Pak Sudac variety of S. S. Hybrid and compared their control on weedy grasses with a weedy check (no weedicide application) during summer seasons of years 2018 and 2019. It was observed that application of Glyphosate and Paraq...
Ghulam Rabbani1, Uzma Javed1*, Javed Iqbal2, Ruqeah Mustafa3, Ghulam Shabbir2 and Fida Hassan Shah4
Barani Mash a Newly Developed Disease Resistant and High Yielding Mash Cultivar for Rainfed Areas of Punjab, Pakistan
...nce against diseases and lodging, the pod size is medium and 100-seed weight is 4.73 g. It has been developed through screening from the local material. It was further evaluated in yield trials for six years from 2012 to 2016. The line 11CM-707 had higher yield than check cultivars per all replicated yield trials. In addition, it has resistance to yellow mosaic. The main yield contributing characters were number of pods per plant, number of primary branches pe...
Dara Jaff1,2* and Michael C. Jarvis2
...is character can lead to lodging in years with above average rainfall. Barley cultivars and landraces bred adapted to these conditions have thinner straw than higher-yielding cultivars adapted to more favourable growing conditions and may lodge in a different way. Using straw dimensions and material properties derived from Kurdish landraces of barley, a finite element model of lodging stra...
Arjun Bastola1*, Sachet Subedi2 and Malatee Bastola3
...nce susceptible to stalk lodging than rest of the genotypes. Stalk lodging seen less in CP-808. Rajkumar had longer cob length and larger cob diameter while maximum number of rows per cob were noted in CP-858 genotype. Higher number of grains per rows was recorded in Rampur hybrid-10 genotype. Rampur hybrid-10 genotype had more shelling percentage but sterility percentage was lower. Highest grain yield was obtained from CP-8...
Misbah Ali1, Safdar Ali1, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2*, Rana Binyamin3, Nadeem Ahmed4, Muhammad Usman Ghani5 and Awais Ahmed Khan2
...abrio Top, Nativo, and Melody Duo) were evaluated against C. graminicola under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. The poisoned food technique was used for in vitro trials with three concentrations (150 ppm, 200 ppm, and 250 ppm). The most effective concentration of fungicides from laboratory experiment was used in field conditions against red leaf spot of sorghum. Results showed that Cabrio Top was the most effective fungicide by showing 88% fungal inhibition wh...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. Shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1, Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...v>witches'-broom and phyllody, in all regions of the screened governorates, reacted
positively when assayed by nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using universal
phytoplasma-specific primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2. Similar assays were used
to detect phytoplasma interactions with experimentally host plant. Dienes’ stain was also
used for detection of natural infection of phytoplasma. The phloem of ...
Shimaa M. Gad1, Ahmed A. Kheder1, Mohamed A. Awad 2
...018, gazania showing phyllody, yellowing, proliferation, virescence and little leaf symptoms
was observed Giza, Egypt.
Objective: The current work aims the detection and molecular identification of phytoplasma infecting
Gazania in Egypt.
Methods: Phytoplasma disease was detected and isolated from naturally infected gazania plants during
surveys in flower nurseries and open filed in Giza governorate, i...
Fei Kong1,2, Qingjun Zhu1, Fanrong Xiao1, Jacob Mueti Ngwawa1, Hongxing Zhang2 and Haitao Shi1*
...e soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) in the middle confines of the Yellow River, China. 24 stomach content samples were collected from wild-caught individuals from natural habitats, the analysis result showed that the species diet was noted to be primarily omnivorous and comprised 23 prey taxa classified into nine groups: plant (4), fish (1), frog (1), earthworm (1), insect (9), mollusk (3), shrimp (2), and other miscellaneous items....
Riffat Sultana1*, Samiullah Soomro1 and Chuan Ma2
...ogonus (Chrotogonus) homalodemus homalodemus (Blanchard, 1836) with two forms: long winged form and short winged form, C. (Chrotogonus) homalodemus (Blanchard, 1836), C. (Chrotogonus) trachypterus trachypterus (Blanchard, 1836), C. (Chrotogonus) trachypterus robertsi Kirby, 1914 with two forms: long winged form and short winged form, C. (Chrotogonus) trachypterus (Blanchard, 1836) and C. (...
Qiong Xiang1, Jing-Jing Li1, Qian Zhang1,3, Rong-Bo Tian1 and Xian-Hui Li1,2*
...inful hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by Pinch-nerve injury firstly; and then we analysed the expression of SSTR2 protein in DRGs after injecting Carrageenan, the inflammation-induced reagent into the mouse left-hind paw(Ipsilateral-side). Compared with the SSTR2 in normal right -hind paw(contralateral-side) DRGs. The variation of SSTR2 protein expression is fast, because about 15 min after injection the significant up-regulated expression of the SSTR2 prot...
Zhongqing Wang1, Qiuyue Wu1, Ruiling Ye1, Fazul Nabi1,4, Yangfei Shang1, Sarfaraz Ali4 and Juan Liu1,2,3*
...ective effects of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) on the quantity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs), and the IL-6, TNF-α mRNA transcription level in duodenum of diarrheal mice. A total 72 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: control (CG), infection (IG), positive drug (PG), AMP low/middle/high dose (LG/ MG/ HG) groups respectively, (n=12). The mice were induced by diarrhea with E. coli (5×107CFU) via i.p injectio...
Muhammad Islam1,4*, Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Omar2, Abdul Qayyum3 and Rabia Siddiqui4
... to 2050 and it might explode the food critiques in the region. It is concluded that wheat productivity must be raise to ensure the food demands. The results of this study demonstrated that the CGREM found to be superior comparing with benchmark LRM....
Xing Lu1, Mahmoud A.O. Dawood2, Fan Wu1, Hua Wen1, Wei Liu1, Juan Tian1, Ming Jiang1, Li-Juan Yu1, Xiang Li3, Ning Xu3 and Hong-Wei Liang1*
...e soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. Four experimental diets were formulated with the addition of L-carnitine at the levels of 0 (control), 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of turtles with initial average weight (394.4 ± 3.8 g) for 8 weeks. Our results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of Chinese soft-shelled turtles increased linearly with increasing dietar...
R. Singh1† and R. Z. Sayyed2
... DNA) and
amylodextrin (hydrolyzed starch) concentration in the infected regions as compared with normal healthy sections.
Protein localization found more pronounced at the sites of infection of M. incognita viz., cortical cells, giant cells,
abnormal xylem, medullary region and nematode body. Active RNA synthesis in infected cortical, medullary and
vascular regions was observed by positively dark stained nucleol...
Laveena Shekhawat, Sheethal S*
...rgans where the eggs get lodged, the most common being the liver. Case report: A 29-year-old male presented with pain in the right upper quadrant with radiation towards the back along with abdominal fullness for 5-7 days. Physical examination and imaging investigations were performed on the patient which revealed the diagnosis. Results: The patient underwent laparoscopic deroofing procedure and the cyst was sent to pathology and microbiology sections for labor...
Anatoly Murashevich Bittirov1*, Sadrutdin Shamshitovich Kabardiev1, Ayub Yusupovich Aliev1, Boris Kazievich Laipanov2, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemyakova2, Ismail Anatolyevich Bittirov1
...a, Paranoplocephala omphalodes, Skrjabinotaenia lobata, Paranoplocephala dentate, Strobilocercus fasciolaris, Cysticercus longycollis, Alveococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus larvae, which were recorded with different occurrence values, indexes. Of these, 2 species in the region (Alveococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus granulosus) have epidemiological and epizootological significance. Indices of occurrence and abundance of cestode Raillietina s...
MUHAMMAD EJAZ*1, MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF5, ASMA MAQBOOL3, ALTAF HUSSAIN4 & ABDUL QAYYUM KHAN SULEHRIA2
...mn;11.9 ind/ml) while Philodina roseola was a least dominant with lowest population density (3±1.2 ind/ml). ANOVA displayed a significant difference in population density of rotifers among months. Rotifers exhibited positive correlations with temperature, total hardness pH, TDS, electrical conductivity and turbidity however, DO and transparency indicated negative correlations. Shannon-Weaver index stretched from 3.036 to 3.802 and exhibited great divers...
Nadia Jabeen1, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Muhammad Ali Khanzada2 and Alia Gul3
Ijaz Ahmad1,5*, Haihong Hao1, Pascal Sanders2, Zafar Iqbal3, Saeed Ahmed4, Farhan Anwar Khan5, Zahir Shah5, Muhammad Ibrahim6 and Lingli Huang1
Baoxuan Nong1,2, Biqiu Wu3, Anlong Xu2, Wenai He2 and Yongfu Qiu2*
Vladimir Vasilievich Shimalov
...binolepis singularis (Cholodkowsky, 1912) dominated the infection. The trematode Prosolecithus danubica Tkach et Bray, 1995 found in the common shrew is a new species of helminths in Belarus. The results of 2015–2019 study period also compared with data obtained in 1996–1999 (first study period) and 2005–2010 (second study period). A total 36 helminth species parasitize common shrews during three research periods. ...
Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1*
Muhammad Nasir Mazhar1, Muhammad Arif*, Naeem Akhtar1 and Muhammad Shafiq1 and Muhammad Yousaf1
... extract, neem extract, clodinafop, bromoxynil + MCPA and clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA including control. Results of the experiment showed that hand weedings, combined application of clodinafop + bromoxynil + MCPA and mulching significantly reduced the weeds density, fresh and dry weight of weeds. However, covering the soil surface with the organic mulch may have a great impact on the gr...
Asif Tanveer,Abdul Khaliq,Mahmooda Buriro,MUJHAID ALI,Muhammad Ehsan Safdar
Gul Hassan , Haroon Khan, Imtiaz Khan , Malik Ghulam Rabbani
Asif Tanveer, Muhammad Suleman, Ahsan Aziz, Rao Muhammad Ikram and Nabeel Ahmad Ikram
Ferit Turanli
...), Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and dried fruit beetle, Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), were determined as the most important pests of all regions. The results of infestation levels of the pests are given separately for both in Aydin and Izmir provinces.
Key words: Ficus carica cv. calimyrna, Ephestia cautella, Plodia interpunctella, ...
Aashaer Farooq and Zakaullah
...d seeds comprised: Diplodia pinea, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillim candense and Rhizopus nigricans whereas those from treated seeds included; Aspergillus flavus, A. janus, Rhizopus nigricans and R. oryzae. Rhizopus nigricans was the predominant fungus occurring on non-treated as well as treated seeds. Xanthomanas campestris was the only bacterium isolated from the non-treated seeds....
Syed Ehteshmul Haque and Abdul Ghaffar
...dentified as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. There does not appear to be any previous
record of B. theobromae Pat, on A. squamosa (KUMH 2179), Aralia sp. (KUMH 2180)
and P. dulce (KUMH 2178) in Fungi of Pakistan (Mirza & Qureshi, 1978) and Fungi of
Karachi (Ghaffar & Kafi, 1968; Ghaffar et al., 1971; Ghaffar & Abbas, 1972). The
specimens have been deposited at the Karachi University Mycological Herbarium.
...
Charles D. Bonham, Javed Ahmed and Larry L. Larson
...ampling was conducted in lodge pole pine and
spruce-fir forests. Fifty stands were sampled to obtain
quantitative measurements of vascular plant species and
the physical attributes of the site. Data analyses
included principal component, McNaughton and Wolf's
niche index, and discriminate and canonical analyses.
The analyses techniques identified under story
sensitivity to aspect, elevation, and soil profile
attributes that influence soil moisture. The...
G. M. Baloch, M. I. Arif and M. Irshad
... insects (Alucita
spilodesma Meyr., Psychromnes stra phaeothicta Meyr.,
Phyllonorycter montanella Bradley, Caloptilia
delosticata Meyr., Paraphytomyza sp. and Hyadaphis sp.)
and the disease caused by Lasiobotrys lonicerae Fr.)
Kunze attacking Lonicera spp.;3 insects (Nematus ribesii
(Scop.), Zelleria ribesiella Joanis and Anthaxia sp.)
damaging Ribes sp.; and only one in...
Zakaullah and Shahida Perveen
...ately susceptible to phyllody whereas Calinda and Punjab 37 were not attached.
...
Mohammad Amin Siddiqi
...thin recent years and is lodged in the Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College, Rawalpindi. It deals with two plant species which have not been previously described in Hooker�s Flora of British India or any other regional or local floras of this sub-continent. These two plants belong to a very small genus Emex australis with only two species, of the family Polygonaceae. One of the species is Entex australis and the other is Emex spinosus. The fi...
Abdul Ghaffar1*, Kashfa Akram1, Habiba Jamil1, Riaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas3, Fozia Afzal4, Ahrar Khan5,6, Rabia Tahir7, Muhammad Ahmad Chishti1 and Shahnaz Rashid3
Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Yonis Gulzar2*, Mohammad Shuaib Mir2, Abdus Salaam3 and Arjumand Bano Soomro2
...= 0.511), the ability to lodge complaints (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.172), and prompt resolution of these complaints (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.112). Conversely, political influence over irrigation schedules had a negative impact on satisfaction (P = 0.012, Tc = -0.118). The study further revealed that the irrigation department of KP province emphasized on the technical distribution, however, it fails to address socio-economic and political inequities in the study districts o...
Jessenia Castro-Olaya1, Dorys T. Chirinos1* and Takumasa Kondo2
José J. Cedeño-Díaz1, Caridad A. Torres-García1, Marina García1, Freddy Zambrano-Gavilanes1, Naga Raju Maddela2* and Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos3*
...Curvularia spp.), Diplodia leaf streak (Diplodia sp.), and leaf blight (Bipolaris sp. or Exserohilum sp.), and various phytometric and chemical parameters were evaluated at 63 DAS. Organic amendments did not show significant effects on maize seedlings under in vitro conditions; however, urea only improved the seedling height by 18% (P ≤ 0.01). Physic nut seed cake amendment resulted in the ...
