Ghulam Ali Bajwa1, Faizah Abood2, Yusof Bin Ibrahim3
...yed against three larval instars of Atteva sciodoxa under laboratory conditions of 27±2ºC, 75% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod. Instar 3rd responded with 100% mortality at 5x107 conidia ml-1, while same level of mortality was recorded in 5th instar at 1x108 conidia ml-1. Instar 5 also showed the lowest mortality (33.3%) at 1x106 conidia ml-1. Med...
Ambreena Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...olic profile of 4th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of deltamethrin-resistant populations of T. granairum collected from wheat godowns of Gujranwala, Okara and D.G khan has been studied in current investigation. The toxicological data generated from deltamethrin-resistant populations was compared with deltamethrin-susceptible population that has not been exposed to any insecticide since thirteen years. From analysis of metabolic profile, it was found that...
Sabri Unal1, ASır Er2, Erol Akkuzu1* and Lubomir Salek3
... third and fourth larval instars of C. septempunctata consumed 20.3, 54.3, 108.2, and 232.7 M. rosea, respectively. The predation efficacy of the C. septempunctata was increased with the progress of the larval instars up to the fourth which was the most voracious....
Muhammad Arshad1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2*, Faisal Hafeez3, Ravaid Sherazi1 and Naeem Iqbal4
.../sup> and 4th instar) consumed more aphids than early stages (1st and 2nd instar). In the free choice feeding assay, the consumption of pea aphid (77.647) was statistically high followed by spinach (66.276), coriander (66.14) and cabbage (61.48) aphids. Manly’s preference index suggest that pea aphid was the most preferred (by all stages of C. septempunctata) aphid species follow...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...sup>& 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of phosphine-tolerant populations (previously exposed to phosphine for 15 years) of wheat grain pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from various storage facilities of Punjab, Pakistan viz., Mandi Bahauddin-I, Mandi Bahauddin-II, Gujrat, Gujranwala and Sargodha. The activities of all esterases tested were significantly increased in all field collected phosphine-tolerant populations when com...
M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul
Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
..., three and four nymphal instars occur in case of female and male mealybug, respectively. The adults are most active in warm, dry and humid weather. The male adult mealybugs possess two pairs of wings. Female have no wings and move by crawling short distances or by being blown in air currents. Female usually lays 100 to 600 eggs. Eggs are greenish-yellow in colour measuring 0.120 cm diameter and laid in an ovisac that 3-4 times the body length. Eggs are covere...
Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik, Pronobesh Halder and M. L. Chatterjee
Determination of relative toxicity and base line data of dif-ferent insecticides against cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)
... LC50 values against 3rd instar nymphs of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur during 2012. Both treated food untreated insect and treated food treated insect methods were followed. The lowest LC50 values through treated food untreated insect method were recorded in chlorpyriphos 20 EC (226 ppm) and dichlorvos 75 EC (282 ppm) in treated food treated insect me...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
.../sup> and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura F. under laboratory conditions. Both NPV and flubendiamide were applied using diet incorporation method. Larvae were allowed to feed for 48 h. Mortality was recorded until larvae died or pupated. Second instar larvae showed more susceptibility as compared with 4th instar larvae. Maximum mortality was recorded in ...
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
...were evaluated on second instar larvae of H. armigera under laboratory studies for toxicity, sublethal and antifeedant effect. The result showed that ethanol based extract was the most effective to control the H. armigera followed by the ethyl acetate. The sublethal concentration of ethanol based extract of C. colocynthis increased larval and pupal duration as compared with control. The percent pupation, adult emergence and pupal we...
Mehmet Guvenc1,*, Ayşe Nilay Guvenc3, Ökkeş Yılmaz2 and Mehmet Tuzcu2
...nvestigated. Adult male Winstarrats were randomly divided into four groups; control, resveratrol, fructose, and resveratrol plus fructose. Resveratrol was administered 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Fructose (10% w/v) was administered with drinking water for 56 days every alternate day. Fructose administration increased the hepatic omega-6/omega-3 and 16:1 n7 / 16:0 ratios (p<0.001, p<0.001), but decreased the retinol and alfa tocoferol levels (p<0.01) c...
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
...levels in 4th instar, moth, and egg, stable high expression levels in the early embryonic development, relatively high expression levels in the 1st day and 5th day of the pupa stage, and highest expression levels in the molting stage. What’s more, BmARM-like protein could be detected by immunofluorescence in all analyzed tissues, including head, midgut, hemolymph, fat body, testis and ovary. More importantly, the relative...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
.../sup> and 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of phosphine-tolerant populations were evaluated with reference to phosphine-susceptible population as a control. The activities of NADPH-CPR, ethylmorphine-N demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase and soluble protein contents were significantly increased in all field collected phosphine-tolerant populations with reference to phosphine-susceptible population. Among developmental stages, the 4th
Jaime Molina-Ochoa1, 2, 6,*, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco2, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez2, Martín González-Ramírez3, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez3, Wilberth Chan-Cupul3, Steven R. Skoda4, Muhammad Irfan Ullah5, Luis Jorge García-Márquez2 and John E. Foster6
...ds were baited with last instars of the great wax moth (GWM), Galleria mellonella L., and an EPN isolate was obtained, it belonged to the genus Heterorhabditis and identified as JMO71. The nematodes were cultivated in GWM larvae, and the emerging infective juveniles (IJs) were collected from White traps, and pooled in canted neck vented plastic flasks. The susceptibility of an important livestock arthropod, the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus micro...
Hina Safdar1,*, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1 and Muhammad Arshad2
...against different larval instars (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th) of armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) at different exposure times were evaluated. Entomopathogenic nematodes were applied at 1000 IJs/ml and larvae maintained at 25°C. Mortality was recorded upto four days. Both species of entomopathogenic nematodes proved effective against all larval instars. Maximum mortality was ob...
Xia-Lin Zheng1, Pan Wang2, Jun-Yan Liu1, Yu-Jing Zhang1, Jun Li1 and Wen Lu1,*
...ined. The 4th instar larvae, pupae and adults survived in January, in which their supercooling points were -12.79 ± 0.67 °C, -19.92 ± 0.66 °C and -21.23 ± 0.99 °C, respectively. Body water contents of these stages in B. macroscopa have no negative or positive correlation with the supercooling points. Supercooling points of these stages are lower than the air temperature during the winter, which suggested that ...
Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
...mental duration of first instar were 3.6±0.07, 3.0±0.11, 2.0±0.06 days, second instar were 3.4±0.11, 3.0±0.07, 2.8±0.07 and third instars were, 4.9±0.10, 4.0±0.06, 3.4±0.13 days at three temperatures, respectively. The larval developmental duration were 11.9±0.13, 9.7±0.31, 8.2±0.14 and pupal duration were ...
Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf*
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L.
... potential of all larval instars ranged from 148 to 162 aphids, respectively. The prey consumption of female beetle was significantly higher than male. The adult male consumed from 2294 to 2422 aphids and female consumed from 2912 to 3085 aphids, respectively. Based on results of present study, possibility of quality mass rearing and commercialization of predatory beetle, M. sexmaculatus was ascertained....
Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
... first, second and third instar larvae were 3.2 ± 0.13, 4.0±0.21 and 4.8±0.25 days, respectively. The total larval developmental duration was 12.0 ±0.67 days with 85.05% survival rate of larvae. The larval predatory potential was 414.6±0.05 aphid per larvae. The total duration and survival rate from egg to adult emergence was 24.6± 0.06 days with 73% survival rate. The pre oviposition, oviposition and post oviposition ...
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz**, Mushtaq A. Saleem*** and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**
BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY ABAMECTIN IN SIXTH INSTAR LARVAE OF THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST)
...o acids (FAA). The sixth instar larvae of T. castaneum were released and exposed for 48h without food on abamectin treated glass petri dishes. The surviving ones were then homogenized in saline and centrifuged prior to biochemical analyses. Results showed differences in the activities of enzymes and quantities of total protein, soluble protein and FAA between strains and among concentrations. Abamectin, at LC and LC , changed the activities 10 20 /levels of TE...
Rabia Faiz and Dilara A. Bukhari*
...s against 3rd instar larvae of mosquito. Larval mortality was noted after 24 h and GCU B.t. 4 (400± 1.15) was found to be the most toxic against 3rd instar larvae of mosquitoes. Spores LC50 values of other isolates were 451± 0.90 (GCU B.t. 1), 511± 0.85 (GCU B.t. 2), 525± .013 (GCU B.t. 5), 582± 0.66 (GCU B.t. 3) and 850&pl...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Anum Feroz1, Ayesha Gondal1,Sahar Akram2 and Tanzeela Riaz3
.../sup> and 6th instar larvae of a stored product pest, Trogoderma granarium. The LC50 values of λ-cyhalothrin for 4th and 6th instar larvae of Lahore population was 15.93 and 13.76ppm respectively, while 19.07 and 16.21ppm were for the 4th and 6th instar larvae of Gujranwala population, respectively. The resista...
Ambrina Hafiz1, Tanzeela Riaz2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*
...th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of deltamethrin-resistant populations’ viz., Gujranwala, Okara and D.G. Khan was significantly increased as compared to susceptible population of T. granarium (population never exposed to any kind of insecticide/fumigant since 2001). Different developmental stages possessed different levels of esterase activities. Based on the level of activities the adult beetles were more susceptibl...
Ayesha Iftikhar1,*, Muhammad Asif Aziz1, Muhammad Naeem1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...e stages, 4th instar was the most voracious with highest predation rate. Adult females consumed more cotton mealy bug nymphs at 24 ± 0.5 °C. Net predation rate (C0) of the beetle was 5548, 4463.2 and 2016.90 at 24 ± 0.5 °C, 27 ± 0.5 °C and 32 ± 4 °C, respectively. The values of transformational rate (Qp) exhibited that 25.62, 42.11 and 74.50 nymphs of P. solenopsis
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1, Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
... first and second larval instar of S. exigua. The potency of ten plant extracts as UV absorbers were done by measuring the absorption spectra of the 0.5% extracts using UV spectrophotometer. Based on preliminary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts at 10% (v/v) concentration were added to the virus and tested under semi-field conditions on the cabbage plantations for 7 days. The preliminary experiment showed that the LC50 and LC95 <...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Tanzeela Riaz2, Uzma Ramzan1, Anum Feroz1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,3,*
.../sup> and 6th instar larvae of a stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium. The LC50 values of esfenvalerate for 4th and 6th instar larvae of Phosphine and deltamethrin-susceptible population was 34.29 and 28.05ppm, respectively, while 39.30 and 32.67ppm were for the 4th and 6th instar larvae of Phosphine and deltamethr...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2, Sumaira Maqsood3, Ishita Ahuja4 and Atle M. Bones4
.../sup> and 5th instar larvae of S. litura. The rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for the molecular detection of NPV gene from native NPV diseased insect. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed to compare SlNPV- FSD15 based on Lef-8 with other Lef-8genes sequences clearly showed that our SlNPV-FSD15 isolate belongs to Spodoptera litura associated NPVs...
Dilara A. Bukhari1,*, Naureen Fatima1 and Abdul Rehman2
... toxic to 3rd instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Among seven B.t. isolates, three isolates NF5 B.t. 7.2, NF1 B.t. 1.1 and NF2 B.t. 4.2 were found most toxic which were isolated from moist soil containing decaying cattle waste, dry waste animal dung and leaf litter soil, respectively. So, these isolates have a great potential to grow into a biopesticidal formulation for control of mosquitoes.
... 
Tanzeela Riaz*†, Farah Rauf Shakoori, Syed Shahid Ali
Toxicity of phosphine against tolerant and susceptible populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from Punjab, Pakistan
...; text-align: justify;"> instar larvae and adult beetle in phosphine resistant populations viz., Gujranwala, Mandi Bahauddin-I (M.B.Din-I), Mandi Bahauddin-II (M.B.Din-II),Gujrat and Sargodha and a susceptible population of T. granarium. The 4<...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
.../sup> and 4th instar larvae of S. litura. The highest mortality of larvae was recorded after 7 days of application when both insect pathogens were used in combination (SpltNPV 1×108 POB/ml + Bt 0.1 μg/g) i.e. 85.25, 79.31 and 92.11% mortality (in case of 2nd instar larvae) and 70.42, 63.64 and 80.88% (in case 4th instar<...
Ahmed Ali Samejo* and Riffat Sultana*
... and 5thinstars were voracious in consuming vegetation and having more chances of survival than 1st, 2nd and 3rd instars. Finally this study suggests that 4th and 5th instars, which were neglected previously, are the potential enemies of agro economy in Thar Desert.
...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...ecies passed through six instars larvae. Emergence of larval instars in both species was started from the month of July just after monsoon rainfall, whereas, S. savignyi immature emerges earlier than S. rubescens rubescens and increases their density rapidly in open grounds and rocky areas. Immature stages were found exclusively geophiles in nature and usually giving two generation in a year but occasionally th...
Ailing Huang, Lingyu Meng, Wei Zhang, Junyan Liu, Guangyao Li, Huihua Tan, Wen Lu and Xialin Zheng*
...>st-6th instar larvae in Phauda flammans Walker (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) were tested using the leaf-dipping method. Meanwhile, effects of these pesticides on detoxifying and protective enzymes in P. flammans larvae were also measured. Results showed that the LC50 value of beta-cypermethrin, abamectin, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam and bisultap against P. flammans larvae were related to the
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
...e phases: 3rd instar, 4thinstar and 5th instar. Furthermore, 3 replications were maintained and 250 silkworm larvae were reared in each replication. Different growth parameters and cocoon parameters were measured at each stage of silkworm. With the aim to investigate the supplemental effects of B.subtilis on growth performances, cocoon quality and amyl...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...formulations against 2nd instar nymphs of D. mangiferae using standard twig-dip bioassay method according to Completely Randomized Design. Results showed that both factors i.e. insecticidal treatments (F 9, 245 = 146.90, P < 0.001) and time (F 4, 245 = 445.75, P < 0.01) and their interaction (F 36, 245 = 9.20, P < 0.001) had a significant effect on the mortality of mealybug nymphs. The most effective novel chemistry insecticides against D. mangiferae ...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...l against 2nd instar D. mangiferae individuals. Standard twig-dip method was used for toxicity bioassays according to Completely Randomized Design. Mortality of mealybug individuals varied with plant materials and increased along with the extract concentration and exposure time. Botanical extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Gardenia jasminoides (gardenia) were the most effective with minimum LC50 (20.00 and 42.1...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,*, Hareem Mansoor1, Sana Khan1 and Mushtaq A. Saleem1
... 1:3) against two larval instars (4th and 6th) of MBDIN and Lahore populations of T. granarium. The LC50 of abamectin, emamectin and spinosad for 4th larval instars of Lahore population was 172, 185 and 196 ppm, respectively while LC50 of these insecticides against 4th larval instar of MBDIN population was 186, 192 an...
Sadreddin Tusun*
...erent parts of the third instar larvae such as antennae, head, mandibles, abdomen and types of sensory receptors are described and illustrated.
...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*,Mujahid Manzoor1, Zubair Aslam3 and Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1, 2
Ghulam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar1, Dilbar Hussain2, Khurum Zia3, Abdul Rashid4*, Hina Anwar5, Muhammad Azeem1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sabeen Asghar1
...ed on cotton against 3rd instar cotton mealy bug. Data was collected after 3,6,12,24 and 48 hours. Maximum mortality of cotton mealy bug was recorded in Syngenta 50EC (profenofos) are 42%, 62%, 80%, 88%, 94 % while Match 50EC exhibit minimum percentage of mortality is 22%,34%,48%, 72% and 76% after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively.
...
...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...s against 5th instar nymphs of O. hyalinipennis. The combined treatment of isolates of entomopathogenic fungi and synthetic insecticides caused higher mortality of O. hyalinipennis. Moreover, the combined treatments decreased the adult emergence, male and female longevity, while increased the nymphal duration. The results indicated that these entomopathogenic fungi can provide better control in combination with insecticides and can be ...
Ammara Blouch1, Ata ul Mohsin2, Muhammad Naeem2 and Rashid Mahmood1*
...ainst three early larval instars of S. litura under laboratory conditions using leaf dip method. Mortality was recorded after three and seven days of exposure. The results indicated that larval mortality increased with time and Turex (Bt sub speciess kurstaki and aizawai)after 3 days of exposure caused significantly higher mortality i.e 46.43, 43.45 and 38.69 % as compared to Dipel (Bt sub speciess kurstaki) tha...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*Mubasher Ahmad Malik1, Mujahid Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir2, Zubair Aslam4, Sumaira Maqsood5, Ishita Ahuja3 and Atle M. Bones3
.../sup> and 4th instar larvae collected from three different geographical areas of Punjab (Pakistan). A difference in larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence and egg ecluson was observed. The higher but sub-lethal dose rate of NPV with Spinosad exhibited synergistic interaction, while the rest of the combinations were found additive in all the tested populations. The results confirmed the population of S. litura from Rahim Yar Khan Region l...
Babar Khan1,2 *, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Nasir Ahmed Rajput1, Muhammad Atiq1, Abdul Jabbar1, Abdul Rehman3, Anam Moosa1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...raussei against last instar larvae of four lepidopteran insects, wax moth (Galleria mellonella), pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella), eggplant fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and armyworm (Spodoptera litura)at 27±2°C under laboratoryconditions. The results indicated that the larvae of G. mellonella and S. litura were better host as compared to P. gossypiella and L. orbonalis for mult...
Godwin Ikechukwu Ngwu1*, Maria Ifeyinwa Ngwu2, Fabian Chukwuemenam Okafor1, Aruh Ottah Anaga3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani1
...ra on 4th instars larvae of both laboratory-reared and field-collected Aedes aegypti were carried out. The 4th instars larvae of laboratory-reared and the field-collected A. aegypti mosquitoes were exposed to 5000mg/L, 2000 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L of the extract. The solvent for the extract, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as control. The results indicate conce...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mahreen Hanif, Muhammad Nadeem, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, Muhammad Javaid
...s. There are four larval instars of Plutella xylostella. The first, second, third and fourth instar larva survived for 3-5,3,1-4 and 2-3 days respectively while pupal and prepupal period lasted for 5-3 days, respectively. Adults lived for 4 to 5 days and life period under laboratory condition varies from 13 to 23 days. ...
Muhammad Zeeshan Nazar*, Ayyan Umer, Zahid Mahmood Sarwar, Faiz Ullah Faiz and Sikandar Hussain
...n current study, the 3rd instar larva of B. mori were fed on the leaves of Morus alba treated with B. thuringiensis until the start of 5th instar and the Total Haemocyte Count (THC) of the Bts infected silkworm’s haemolymph were counted. The findings of current research showed that THC was significantly increased at 1st and 2nd day i.e., 5128/ml and 5704/ml as compared to control 3047/ml, respectively. Afterwards, THC ...
Muhammad Farhan1, Ghulam Murtaza1, Muhammad Ramzan2, Muhammad Waqar Sabir3, Muhammad Arsalan Rafique2, Saif Ullah2
...vae on different nymphal instars of Myzus persicae was investigated in ambient laboratory conditions at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Chrysoperla carnea was found very active and consumed all stages of aphid. The predation rate of Chrysoperla carnea was increased with increase in larval instars (1st to 3rd). Third instar of Chrysoperla carnea was very voracious feeder and fed larg...
Muhammad Usman Asif1*, Sadam Hussain Soomro2, Raza Muhammad1, Sikandar Ali Soomro2
...d against 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera under laboratory conditions at their low, recommended and high doses by leaf dip method. The results concluded that significantly high toxicity was shown after treatment with Neomed 3 SC which caused 100 % to the insect at its recommended (200 ml) and high dose (400 ml) after 24 hours of application followed by Voliam Flexi 300 SC causing 66.66 % and 75% mortality on its recommended (80 ml) ...
M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
... baited twice using last instar larvae of the Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) for presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Four EPN isolates were recovered viz., Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema karii and Steinernema wesieri. Of a total of 110 soil samples examined, EPNs were found in 90.90% soil samples, they belonged to the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. Steinernema spp. was found prevalent in both cultivated ...
Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
.../sup> and 6th instar larvae of susceptible laboratory strain (Lab-S) and deltamethrin resistant population (GUW) of stored grain pest, Trogoderma granarium. After exposure to LC20 of bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and their combinations of 3:1 and 1:3, the activities of total esterases, cholinesterase and carboxylesterase increased significantly in both the 4th and 6th instar
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
...ians has five larval instars. The last instar changed its colour to dark reddish and look like branches of host plants. The male and female mean longevity was 6.0 ± 1.171 and 11.4 ± 1.70 days. Pale reddish brown lines were present on the dorsal side of female forewings. Female forewings were broader than male wings with dark reddish brown thorax, head and abdomen. Adult hind wings were grayish with reddish ...
Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhammad Akhtar2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Saleem2, Ali Aziz2, Irfan Rasool2, Zeshan Ali3 and Muhammad Amin2
An Update on Biology, Extent of Damage and Effective Management Strategies of Chickpea Pod Borer (Helicoverpa armigera)
...ut 4-5 weeks. 1st to 3rd instar larvae generally feed on leaves, twigs and flowers. In later stages larger larvae (4th to 6th instar caterpillars) shift to developing pods by making holes/bores and consume entire developing seeds. Pod borers can cause yield losses up to 90 percent depending upon the insect density and susceptibility of cultivars. Sustainable management of chickpea pod borer involves use of resistant cultivar...
Sabina Noor1*, Fatimah Abang1 and Hamady Dieng2
Biology of an Exotic Butterfly Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae), in a Newly Invaded Region, Sarawak, Borneo
...h a total of five larval instars. The ontogenesis of larvae was accomplished without any disruption of diapause. The female adults were ochreous orange in color with a wingspan of about 50-60 mm. The males were brighter orange in color and had a wingspan of about 40-50 mm. The population index was found to be common throughout the year but declined during months with higher precipitation. Being an exotic species, A. terpsicore is likely to keep track by feedin...
Muhammad Arslan Ibrahim1*, Aneeqa Aleem2, Farkhanda Manzoor2, Shahbaz Ahmad1, Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Anwar1, Talia Aroob2 and Mansoor Ahmad3
... against the late larval instars of S. frugiperda when natural mortality tends to decrease after each successive instar. The single-sex method was adopted in the construction of the life table. The ratio of mortality in the late instars (3rd to 5th) was greater than the early instars because of entomopathogenic treatment. The survivorship curve explicate...
AdlyAbd-Alla1,2, MahaNada3, Francois Cousserans1, and Max Bergoin1
...tein. Infection of third instar nymphs by feeding on contaminated food
induced similar disease symptoms and bioassay experiment confirmed virus concentration
response mortality. Injection of a purified virus suspension to third instar larvae of Galleria
melonella and Spodopteralittoralis failed to induce any mortality indicating that the virus is
most likely host specific to N....
Hassan Shahzad Khan1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Asim Gulzar1
...of 88% of 3rd instar larvae of A. albopictus was caused by datura extract followed by neem and clove. On the other hand, neem and clove extracts caused the maximum mortality (80%) of 4th instar larvae followed by datura extract (78%). Similarly, the minimum mortalities of 3rd and 4th instar larvae were caused by bitter gourd extract. In ca...
Nabila Kousar1, Tanzeela Riaz2, Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori3 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...1 against 4th instars of insecticide resistant populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Gujranwala (GUW), D.G. khan (DGK), Okara (OKR), Lahore (LAB-S) and Layyah. The LC50 values of deltamethrin against 4th instar larvae of GUW, DGK, OKR, Layyah and LAB-S were 514, 353, 303, 189 and 98 ppm respectively while for the DE these values were 3606, 2684, 2407, 2192 and 2...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Syed Shahid Ali2 and Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem1
...entrations in two larval instars (4th and 6th) of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, at different exposure periods (24-120 h) was determined. Two populations of khapra beetle used in this research possessed different levels of susceptibility to phosphine. Based on LC50 one population was termed as a susceptible population (never exposed to phosphine previously) while the other was a tolerant population (having a hi...
Madiha Nawaz and Shoaib Freed
...n 2nd nymphal instar of P. solenopsis under laboratory conditions by immersion method. Three entomopathogenic fungi; Beauveria bassiana (isolates Bb-01, Bb-08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma-11.1, Ma-2.1) and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If-2.3, If-02) showed percent mortalities of (61.0%, 85.0%), (78.0%, 56.0%) and (52.0%, 54.0%) with LC50 values of (4.25×108, 2.54×108 s...
Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi
...sence of EPNs using last instar larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. as baited host. After completion of requisite process, resultantly the corresponding recovery rate of EPNs was found 10.9% which includes only genus Steinernema comprising two isolates of S. balochiense (24%), two isolates of S. siamkayai (24%) and four unidentified Steinernema spp (52%). However, genus Heterorhabditis was not identified from collected soil samples. Characterizati...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Misbah Rizwan2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Muhammad Sabar1, Muddassar Ali1 and Muhammad Yasir Ali4
...plants by 3rd instar larvae of C. medinalis. Results also showed that enhanced Si level in rice plants reduces food quality and increases plant resistance to the C. medinalis in rice variety. This study concluded that Si fertilizers may play an effective role in C. medinalis management for rice crop protection.
...
Mirza Gul1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Ikram Ilahi2, Hazrat Ali2*, Fida Hussain3 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
...ybister, against various instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Bioassay of whole-plant extracts was performed following WHO methods, with slight modifications. LC50 values for A. scoparia and A. indica against early fourth instar larvae were 360.4 and 971.1 ppm, respectively. LC50 values for pupae were 1665 and 2838 ppm for A. scoparia and A. indica extracts, respectively. Percent knockdown after 1 h exposure was 49.0 for A...
Lethal and Sub Lethal Effects of Plant Extracts and Green Silver Nanoparticles against Culex pipiens
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...ated against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of C. pipiens. The green synthesized AgNPs of these plants were characterized by UV-Multiskaner. LC20 and LC50 values were calculated through Probit and Logit analysis (POLO) software. All the plant extracts and their green synthesized AgNPs caused the maximum mortalities of 3rd and 4th larval instars of C. pipiens after 96 hours. With the increase in time intervals and concentrations, ...
Hassan Ali1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1* and Muhammad Imran Hamid2
...formulations against 5th instar larvae of T. granarium. Toxicity bioassays revealed that the extracts of Citrus reticulata L. and Solanum nigrum L. were most effective against T. granarium causing significantly higher larval mortality (35 – 40%) than other botanical treatments. Similarly, the highest concentration (15%) of C. reticulata extract exhibited maximum repellency (88%) of larvae, followed by Datura stramonium (84%) and Azadirachta indica (79%) ...
Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Shaukat Ali1, Muhammad Farooq Bhatti2, Azizullah1, Shafaat Yar Khan3, Abdul Khaliq4
... stage (1st, 2nd and 3rd instars etc.) significantly influences the status of the resulting larva, pupae, adult and fiber. For this purpose, sericulture productivity has been impressively modulated by fertilizing the silkworm’s diet with natural food supplements or exogenous nutrients like Amway protein, honey, bovine milk, sericin, probiotics (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, Lactobacillus casei, Saccharomyces cerevi...
Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Ghulam Murtaza Kaleri2, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1,3, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi4 and Zeeshan Rasheed1
...d in pupa and 1st larval instar, respectively whereas, maximum survival was recorded in 4th and 5th larval instars. Almost, similar male to female sex ratio was recorded in leaves and stems with higher female longevity in leaves than stems. No significant difference was recorded in approximate and corrected generation time of FAW between leaves and stems. Innate capacity of increase (rc) and intrinsic rate of natural increas...
Tooba Ather1, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid2*, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Javed Iqbal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Muhammad Akram2, Naveeda Anjum4, Muhammad Rizwan6, Hafeezur Rehman5 and Umar Farooq5
... bio-assayed against 3rd instar of CMBat Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during 2016. The results revealed that mortality of 3rd instar of P. solenopsis increased with increase in concentration of Pyriproxyfen and Buprofezin at three days of post application interval (PAI). Pyriproxyfen 0.5% and Buprofezin at 2% concentration induced mortality of P. sole...
Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Arshad
... were tested against 3rd instar nymphs of mealybug. Results showed that mean mortality was higher (76.67%) after the application of A. indica extract, followed by E. camaldulensis (66.67%) at 72 h post-exposure. The least effective botanicals were C. citratus and C. album showing 26.67 and 20.0% mean mortality of mealybug, respectively. The mortality rate was increased by increasing the concentration of botanicals up to 25.0%. Furthermore, probit values reveal...
Sharon Zulfiqar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Kiran Aftab1, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Rizwan Khursheed2, Somia Liaqat1 and Maimoona Kanwal1
...l length (cm) during all instars i.e. maximum larval weight i.e. 0.076g, 054g, 3.14g, 4.29g, and 6.23g in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars, respectively. A similar trend in the mean larval length (P < 0.05) was also observed. Significantly greater fecundity (437 no.), fertility (85.20%), and hatchability (84.40%) were recorded in the Bulgarian races which were significantly higher as compared to Chinese and Korean race...
Sehrish Akram1, Abida Butt1* and Shakil Ahmad Khan2
...st 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of silkworm. For treatment, leaf-dipping method was used and toxicity calculated after 48h exposure to the treatment. Both chemicals showed high toxicity against all instars of silkworm. However, results indicated that imidacloprid was more toxic for silkworm larvae compared to lead. The acute toxicity of imidacloprid formulation (IMF), imidacloprid technical grade (IMT) and Pb showed positiv...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...response of three larval instars was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. ...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...response of three larval instars was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. ...
Yasir Hameed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Shahzaib, Muhammad Sarmad, Muhammad Farrukh Hamid, Syed Muhammad Zaka*, Khalid Abbas and Muhammad Zakria
...response of three larval instars was calculated using a logistic regression model, where handling time (Th) and attack rate (a) that calculated by using Roger random predator equation. The results revealed that all the predatory stages show a type II functional response and consumption rate increased with the increase in prey density for the first, second and third larval instar of C. carnea on both L. erysimi and D. noxia. ...
Naila Shahzadi1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Azizullah1, Muhamamd Farooq Bhatti2, Shaukat Ali1, Muhamamd Summer1 and Farman Ahmad Chaudhary3
...e) was recorded. The 5th instar (day 1) mulberry silkworms were divided into four groups of 20 each: namely a control and three experimental groups. Plain (untreated) mulberry leaves were offered to the control group while experimental groups were fed on the mulberry leaves treated with exogenous nutrients alone (5% sericin, 3% honey) and in combination (5% sericin + 3% honey). Results showed that the larval weight of G3 (3% honey) (134.95%) was 40.38% higher ...
H. M. Hassan† and S. A. Ibrahim
...ic smart resulted in 5th instar larval mortality of cotton leaf worm by 92.5, 85.0, 80.0 and 75.0 %, respectively whereas H. bacteriophora caused mortality by 83.4, 77.2, 71.0 and 60.6 %, respectively. The experimental findings showed that combined efficacy of S. carpocapsae or H. bacteriophora with either of the insecticides viz., Coragen, Nomolt, Ekio and Magic smart at the quarter lethal concentration (LC25) is effective in causing mortality of S. littorali...
Hina Safdar1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Arif Mehmood3 and Muhammad Arshad4
...against different larval instars of S. litura. At day one post-treatment, maximum larval mortality (59.40%) was exhibited by Xenorhabdus spp. against 2nd instar larvae followed by 52.80, 46.20 and 46.20% mortality of 5th, 3rd and 4th instar larvae, respectively. In case of Photorhabdus spp., maximum mortality (26.40%) was observed against 2nd instar larv...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2, Muhammad Shahroaz Khan1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*
...combinations against 3rd instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory and then under the field conditions. In both trials, insecticidal treatments affected significantly the mean mortality or reduction of S. litura larvae recorded both at two and five days post-treatment. In laboratory bioassay, combinations of flubendiamide and A. indica, flubendiamide and N. tabacum and of spinetoram and A. indica formulations caused significantly high mortality (100%), follo...
A. N. Mahar, N. D. Jan†, A. Q. Mahar and S. R. Gowen
...b(255, 255, 255);"> instar) of Galleria mellonella
Riaz Hussain1*, Ata-ul-Mohsin1, M. Farooq Nasir1, Zahid Akram2, Muhammad Sajid Qureshi1 and Abdul Mannan Hamzah1
...er both second and third instars larvae were released on cabbage varieties. Parasitism efficacy was lower on third instars larvae as compared to the second. Higher parasitism (53.53%) was assessed on Asha while lower parasitism (44.95%) was observed on Golden acre when second instars larvae were exposed. Parasitism was higher (61.17%) on Asha while lower (50.1%) on golden acre when third <...
Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5
...nd November). The fourth instar larvae were collected from areas of district Lahore. The collected larvae were preserved in formalin and transported to the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Government College University Faisalabad for further analysis. The larval morphological measurements were carried out using a stereomicroscope, which included changes in head length and width, thoracic length and width, abdominal l...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan1 and Muhammad Salim1
...ional response of larval instars indicates that with increasing prey densities, the number of aphids consumed linearly increase and then become static after attain the asymptote level at certain densities were 25, 35 and 70 aphids per first, second and third instar larvae. The life table’s immature stage survival and female fecundity rate revealed that the stage of eggs had the greatest death rate, at 12%, followed by ...
Li Qiao*, Shubao Geng, Shibao Guo, Hongmin Liu, Jian Yin and Quan Zhang
...duction, the 2nd and 5th instar larvae were irradiated under light at the wavelengths of 400 and 420 nm with 6 different irradiation times (0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min). The development duration, pupation rate, abnormal pupation rate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, male and female adult longevity, oviposition rate of S. subpunctaria were measured. The results showed that with the increase of treatment time, the duration of 2nd
Muhammad Ali1*, Rukhsana Perveen2, Khalil Ahmed3, Ghulam Raza1, Muhammad Akbar1, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees3 and Muhammad Ayub4
...role both adults and 4th instar larvae of this coccinellid predator in the biological control of I. aegyptiaca comparatively in the laboratory and under field conditions. The 4th instar larvae were found to be more voracious than adults....
Iram Liaqat1*, Noor Muhammad1, Muhammad Mubin2, Najma Arshad3, Tehreema Iftikhar4, Sumera Sajjad5 and Farzana Rashid5
...pm against Anopheles 3rd instar larvae. These findings indicated that actinobacterial isolates possess antibacterial and larvicidal potential. Further extraction and purification of bioactive components from these bacterial may be a good source of novel antibiotics and natural-insecticides....
Muhammad Farooq Bhatti1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Aamir Ali1, Hooria Ashraf Khan1, Rabia Fajar Ali2, Ayesha Muzamil1, Fariha Munir3, Fatima Ijaz1, Rizwan Khurshid3
...rate experiment, the 5th instar silkworm larvae were assessed for biological and economic traits. The results of this study exhibited that Chinese silkworm eggs showed better hatchability at high temperatures. The larvae of the Chinese race also showed an increased leaf consumption rate with an increase in the number of meals (6) per day. Moreover, a significant increase in biological traits including average larval weight (0.979±0.038) and ratio silk g...
Agha Mushtaque Ahmed1*, Ali Zachi Abdul Qadeer Alhilifi2, Fahad Nazir Khoso1, Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar1, Tehniyat Naz Shah3 and Touseef Ahmed1
...ed the same. Sixty first instar larvae were introduced in a Petri dish to observe larval duration, larval weight, and adult fecundity. Each larva was offered 0.5 mg of diet in a plastic cup and replaced after every 24 hrs. A prominent effect of different diets on larval development was noticed. The survival percentage was 100% on D3. The difference (P<0.05) was much noticeable in early larval stages from L1 to L3. The overall larval duration was maximum 18....
Ashfaq Hussain1, Javed Khan2, Ammara Blouch3, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Ashraf Khan4,5* and Zaheer Sikandar6
...re consumed by 1st larva instar. Female beetle was recorded with a maximum mean number of aphids (2561) consumption as compared to male beetles (1921). Furthermore, the apparent mortality was highest at egg stage, making it the most vulnerable stage in the beetle’s life cycle, followed by 1st instar larval stage, which also showed higher mortality. The maximum survival fraction was observed for pre-pual and fourth
Milena Vlahovic*, Dragana Matic, Marija Mrdakovic, Larisa Ilijin, Anja Grcic, Aleksandra Filipovic, Jelica Lazarevic and Vesna Peric-Mataruga
...tress conditions. Fourth-instar larvae were exposed to acute and chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations, 10 and 30 μg Cd/g dry food, as well as a three-day recovery from chronic treatments. PMM is also an indirect indicator of food consumption and was found to be significantly reduced compared to control in both acute effects and chronic treatment at 30 μg and its three-day recovery. The PMM reduction during acute treatments is a consequence of ca...
Muhammad Ramzan1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah2, Shafia Saba2, Madiha Mobeen Khan3, Naeem Arshad Maan3, Asad-ur-Rehman4, Mahreen Khalid5, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah6 and Wardah Muzaffar7
...m. There are five larval instars of T. varians. The head length of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars was 0.30±0.05, 0.35±0.07, 0.93±0.08, 1.67±0.40, 2.09±0.09mm, respectively, while width of 1st to 5th larval instar was 0.28±0.02, 0.38±0.05, 0.89±0.06, 1.56±0.30, 2.00±0.07mm, respectively. The average body length of fi...
Qurat ul Ain1, Asifa Khan1*, Asia Riaz2 and Nazia Suleman2
...ngth. Most of the larval instars remain alive under storage conditions up to four weeks, but larval survival in third and fourth instar larvae did not extend after three weeks of storage. Our results provide a guideline to extend shelf-life of C. septempunctata for its use as natural enemy in biological control programmes. Such studies may help in planning the storage, transportation and release of these useful natural enemi...
Asma Ilyas1, Tanzeela Riaz 2*, Sammi Rasheed1, Uzma Ramzan1, Afsheen Munawar Butt1 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
Nael Abutaha, Fahd A. AL-Mekhlafi*, Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim,
Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa and Mohamed A. Wadaan
...s performed on the third instar stage as recommended by WHO. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, and phenolic compounds. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 5 compounds, of which α-Copaene constituted 61.95% of the extract. The hexane extract showed good larvicidal activity, with an LC50 = 33.9 μg mL−1 and LC90 = 64.1 µg/mL at 24 h post exposure. The midgut sections of treated larvae ...
MAIMOONA KANWAL, MUBASHAR HUSSAIN*, ZAHEER ABBAS1, SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN2, FATIMA
ZAFAR & RIZWANKHURSHEED2
...% RH during early larval instars (1stand 2nd)and 24-28○C and 85 ± 5 % RH during last three (3rd -5th) larval instars. Early in stars were fed on chopped mulberry leaves whereas later instars were reared on mulberry leaves dipped with 10% solutions of vitamins (B and C) and 2%amino acid (Alanine and Glycine) in different combinations. Data collected at the end of 3rd...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1, Muhammad Afzal1, Liu Yu Feng2,
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Hina Safdar3, Arif Mehmood1, Shahid Iqbal4 and Muhammad Adnan1
...formulations against 3rd instar larvae of S. litura. Bioassay with botanical formulations showed a significant toxicity of oil and extract formulations of neem (Azadirachta indica) causing 70–77% larval mortality in 72 h observation and exhibiting minimum medial lethal concentration (LC50) and time (LT50) values (i.e. 12.32 and 38.01 ppm and 16.67 and 11.68 days, respectively). Among microbial formulations tested, S. litura-nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NP...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
... were 69 08% (J-101, 5th instar), 34.93% (205-MKD, 5th instar), 54 4% (205-MKD, 5th instar), 56 48% (J-101, 4th instar) and 39.63% (207-PO, 4th instar), 18 86% (205-MKD, 4th instar), 23.85% (205-MKD, 4th instar), 43.86% (207-PO, 5th
Wali-ur-Rehman, Meher Nigar Ashiq and Siraj-ud-Din
...ic characters in the 5th instar larvae of Chinese (C-102) and Japanese (J-101) varieties of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. were investigated. The mean high humidity of 94% with the prevailing temperature of 23°C increased the larval weight by 11% each, cocoon weight by 20 and 13%, shell weight by 17 and 10%, fecundity by 8 and 11% and decreased larval mortality by 60 and 14% and pupal mortality by 16 and 62% for C-102 and J-101 respectively. The mean h...
G. A. Bajwa and M. N. Ashiq
...strain 225 larvae of 4th instar were separated from mass rearing lot and divided into three replications. The rearing of silkworm was carried out at 25 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% rH. The results revealed that bacterial flacherie caused overall 20.52, 18.5, 16.82 and 5.53 percent mortality in C-102, J-101, 206-MKD and 207-PO, respectively. The mortality did not differ significantly among C-102, J-101 and 206-MKD. Viral grasserie resulted overall 16.65 6.9...
G. A. Bajwa and G. Zimmermann
...> in the laboratory. 1st instar larvae of the pest were fed on neem sprayed leaves of Prunus domestica. 100 percent mortality was observed in all neem test treatments within 21 days. In the highest dose (8%) maximum mortality was recorded after 72 hours which may be due to contact action of neem oil formulation. On the other hand, the lower doses caused slow mortality in the beginning and progressed steadily, owing to growth regulating behavior of neem....
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...scope (50X). Five larval instars were determined with maximum and minimum ratio of increase in head capsule width of 0.748 and 0.624 with an average 0.70 which conforms with Dyar's rule. The pest was found active in all larval instars from April to October except June and it over wintered in larval stage (2-5th instar) from November to February. Six to seven generations were found in a yea...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Hanif Gul
...ied
against 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of shisham defoliator,
Plecaptera refexa Guen. (Notodontidae). Both the
chemicals in laboratory as well as field trials, in
doses of o.02 and 0.04% concentrations gave cent percent
mortality of the larvae. The residual effect of the
insecticides continued up to about one month and
provided cover for two successive and overlapping
generations the non-target insects, which do not feed in
foliage were absolute...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Wali-ur-Rehman
...nd pass through 5 larval instars during 10.5 to 11 months including 5 moths of hibernation. The larvae pupate in May - June for a period of 7-30 days. The life cycle is annual.
Brachycorphus nursei Cam. (Ichneumonidae) Sturmia inconspicuella and Podomyia sp. (Tachinidae) were
recorded parasitizing bagworms in the defoliated area. Gradual increase in parasite population over took pest population in few years and the insect outbreak...
Naseer Hussain and R. E. Pfadt
...e beginning of the first instar to the end of the final instar on the leaves of crested wheatgrass and western wheatgrass. The average C.I. the male grasshoppers fed on crested wheatgrass and western wheatgrass were calculated to be 0.9977 and 1.1094, respectively. Among the females those feeding on crested wheatgrass a C.I. of 1.0006 were recorded compared to 1.1733 on western wheatgrass. During this period the average G.R....
Naseer Hussain and R. E. Pfadt
...phal stage to the final instar on the leaves of crested wheat grass and western wheatgrass. The average efficiency of Conversion of Ingested Food to Body Substance (E.C.Ia of the male grass-hoppers fed on crested wheatgrass was found to be 8.50 percent compared to J 33% for those fed on western wheatgrass. The highest, 9A2 percent, occurred among the females fed on crested wheatgrass. During this period the Efficiency of Conver...
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Iqbal Ahmad
... pass through 5-6 larval instars. Pupation takes place within the stitched leaves, in cracks and crevices on the bark and under leaves attached to the stem and branches of the trees. The insect remains under pupation for 6 to 14 days. A life cycle is completed in 21 to 52 days. The pest hibernates in pupal stage from December to February during winter....
Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Yasmeen Buriro1, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2
...at later stages. The 1st instar stage measurement was recorded (0.98±0.31), 2nd (172±0.40), 3rd (2.86±0.52), 4th (0.63±0.25), and 5th (3.54±0.70) mm at (30±2°C). Similarly, at (20±2°C), the 1st instar stage measured (0.45±0.21), 2nd (0.67±0.28), 3rd (1.20±0.37), 4th (2.10±0.45), and 5th (2.96±0.64) mm in size. The larvae weight of eac...
Muhammad Saleem1*, Dilbar Hussain1, Tamseela Mumtaz2, Saeed Ahmad3, Muhammad Ihsan Ullah3, Muhammad Luqman3, Muhammad Shafqat4, Fiaz Hussain5, Muhammad Sajjad6, Kaynat Shahzadi2, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1 and Muhammad Hasnain1
...ere evaluatedagainst 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera. Three insecticides viz., pyriproxyfen 10.8%EC,chlorantraniliprole 20SC, emamectin benzoate 1.9EC, and one insect growth regulator (IGR), lufenuron, 50EC was tested against H. armigera larvae by using leaf dip bioassay method under laboratory conditions at Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad. On the basis of LC50 values chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate was proved most effective insecticid...
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