Search for Decomposition

Usman Shakoor*, Abdul Saboor*, Irfan Baig*, Anila Afzal** and Abdul Rahman***

CLIMATE VARIABILITY IMPACTS ON RICE CROP PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN

Mubbashira Nazir*, Saira Batool*, Sultan Ali Tariq**, Abid Hussain** and Ya Sakina**

INTERDECADAL GROWTH VARIABILITY AND DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF FRUIT CROPS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

...iderably. The results of decomposition analysis indicated a relatively stronger stimulus of area expansion in production of citrus. While yield affect remained dominant in production of mango, guava and minor fruits across decades as well as during the study period. Chances of expansion in area of fruit crops are limited due to constraint of availability of agricultural land. Thus, to keep healthy growth in fruits' production, improvements in yield levels of f...

Litter Fall Production and Decomposition in Deodar Forest Ecosystem

Kamran Aziz^1*, Aamir Saleem¹ and Arshad Mahmood Malik²

...onducted to estimate the decomposition rate, litter fall production and elemental composition of Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana in the study area Dungagali, Taohidabad, Kuzagali and Khanspur situated around the Ayubia National Park. The research was carried from September, 2016 to August, 2017. Litter bag technique was used to estimate the decomposition rate, elemental composition was carried through chemical analysis ...

Trends in Nutrient Status and Gas Production during the Decomposition of Poultry Manure

Qiuxia Lei^{1, 2}, Haixia Han^{1, 2}, Jinbo Gao^{1, 2}, Yan Zhou^{1, 2}, Wei Liu^{1, 2}, Chunlei Wang³, Jie Liu^{1, 2}, Dingguo Cao^{1, 2}, Huimin Li¹, Baohua Huang^1,* and Fuwei Li^{1, 2,}*

... The results showed that decomposition started earlier in the treated batches than in the control group. During the fermentation period, there was no influence between the internal temperature of the plies and the addition of bacteria. After adding strains, the time to reach the fermentation temperature was advanced by 1 to 2 days. The content of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were increased at the first weekend, reaching up to 10ppm and 3.5 ppm respectively. Th...

Role of Organic Amendments to Enhance Soil Fertility Status and Wheat Growth in Salt Affected Soil

Noor-us-Sabah^1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir¹, Ghulam Sarwar¹ and Sher Muhammad²

...fter sufficient time for decomposition incorporation of organic amendments were done. Wheat (Punjab-2011) was used as a test crop. Harvesting was done at maturity stage of crop. Soil samples collection was done from each pot and fertility parameters were studied. The results suggested that soil fertility status and biomass of wheat significantly increased by incorporation of full dose of press mud, poultry manure and compost.

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Anjum and Ahmad Khan*

Phenology, Crop Stand and Biomass of Wheat in Response to Farmyard Manure and Soil Amendments

...justify;">The stimulated decomposition of farmyard manure (FYM) through soil amendments is considered to improve the nitrogen (N) availability and hence the crop biomass. With this view, the four soil amendments [i.e. No-amendments, Min-N (30 kg N ha-1), humic acid (2.5 kg ha-1) and effective microbes (200 L Mg-1 of FYM)] were added to five levels of FYM (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1) and their impact were quantified in terms of wheat phenology, crop stand...

Sajid Amin Sarmad¹, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed¹*, Muhammad Luqman¹, Muhammad Asam Riaz¹, Sohail Ahmed³ and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo²

Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)

...ong-lasting due to rapid decomposition and loss of insecticidal molecules active against target pests. This study was aimed to develop and evaluate a slow-release formulation (SRF) of a persistent insecticide (fipronil) against O. obesus. Technical grade insecticide fipronil was applied in the form of cellulose-made pellets made up of compressed powdered sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse and maize (Zea mays L.) cobs. This pellet formulation was eval...

Asifa Kamal¹*, Ghazala Noreen¹ and Muhammad Amin²

Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)

...S 2012-13). Multivariate decomposition analysis and pooled cross section techniques are used to analyse the data. It is concluded from multivariate pooled analysis of three surveys that age of women at first birth, region (Balochistan), wealth index (rich), education of both spouses and survey periods (2006-07, 2012-13) has significantly negative effect on the total children ever born to women in Pakistan. Child mortality (yes), husband’s desire for chil...

Earth Worms and Vermicomposting: A Review on the Story of Black Gold

Ali Ahmad¹*, Zubair Aslam¹, Korkmaz Bellitürk², Naeem Iqbal³, Muhammad Idrees³, Muhammad Nawaz⁴, Muhammad Yasir Nawaz⁵, Muhammad Kashif Munir⁶, Ahmad Kamal¹, Ehsan Ullah¹, Muhammad Ahsan Jamil¹, Yousuf Akram¹, Tanveer Abbas¹ and Muhammad Mohsin Aziz¹

... increase the biological decomposition of organic substrates by maintaining the aerobic conditions of the organic substrates. Experiments on earthworms and the vermicast production by different species are also included in review. The paper also reveals fitness or compatibility of different species of earthworms to ‘bioprocess’ variation in different forms of organic waste. The review also presents the basic idea of all those research studies about...

Maize Growth in Response to Beneficial Microbes, Humic Acid and Farmyard Manure Application

Izaz Hussain, Ahmad Khan* and Habib Akbar

...lication of FYM and slow decomposition limits its widespread application by farmers as a source of nutrients. With the objectives of improving soil mineral N availability and its impact on maize growth, two years field experiments were conducted at the University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2017 and 2018. The experiment included three factors i.e. beneficial microbe (BM: 25 and 50 L ha-1) as effective microbes, humic acid (HA: 3, 6 and 9 kg ha-1) and FYM (10, 1...

Soil Inhabiting Mite Diversity (Acari) of Mango Orchards from Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan

Bilal Saeed Khan¹*, Muhammad Arslan¹, Abdul Ghaffar², Muhammad Farooq², Saghir Ahmad³, Sami Ullah⁴ and Awais Rasool⁵

... fertility through their decomposition and nutrient renewal activities. perimental statistics was applied to estimate the variety of soil mite diversity, seasonal variation and influence of intercropping within mango orchards through diversity index. A total of 1898 soil inhabiting mite sample slides were prepared from soil collected samples and after microscopic observation of slide specimen, 08 different families were recognized as Laelapidae, Pachylaelapida...

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Novel Gelatin Extracted from Camel Skin for Pharmaceutical Application

Salma Bessalah¹, Samira Jebahi², Asim Faraz³*, Amel Raoufi², Cem Tırınk⁴, Walid Dridi², Mahmoud Daouad², Hassib Keskes⁵, Touhami Khorchani¹, Khaled Farah², Abdul Waheed³ and Mohamed Hammadi¹

...of radiation-induced the decomposition of side groups. New peak positions (Paramagnetic centers) were located at around 3800 G. Moreover, an enhancement of EPR peak (3300 and 3400 G) (g-factor = 2.0) was detected. In addition, free radicals trapped in the crystalline regions were moved toward the boundary regions and the amorphous phases disappeared. XRD patterns showed a new peak at 2θ= 65.8° and a diminution of the relative intensity for the peak o...

Multidimensional Poverty Profile of Rural Households and its Determinants: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Urooj Shakoor* and Syed Attaullah Shah

... Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The decomposition of the household’s average deprivation level revealed that ‘living-standard’ and ‘health’ contributed more than 75 percent to overall poverty collectively. Regression analysis identified head’s age, education, household’s income, and agricultural land ownership as negatively affecting determinants of multidimensional poverty. The incidence of poverty was high in the Northern and S...

Potential of Oleaginous Yeasts as Economic Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

HIRA JAVAID*¹, MALEEHA MANZOOR², JAVED IQBAL QAZI³, XIONG XIAOCHAO⁴ & FOUZIA TABSSUM⁵

...sters. Due to beneficial decomposition of bio-waste resources towards clear environments, oils from single cell microbes (yeasts) are gaining attention. Further cost reliance of these microbes to produce single cell oils (SCOs) could be reduced by using lignocellulosic waste (LCW) biomass produced in millions of metric tons annually all over the world covering 60% of annual crop produced. This review presents the yeasts SCO production from LCW, and its favorab...

Millipede Species Enrich the Fertility of Soil in Alagar Hills Reserve Forest

Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan

...can interact with litter decomposition and significantly change nutrients of soil through egestion of faecal pellets. In the present study, examined the interactions between soil fertility and millipedes occurrence in Alagar hills Reserve forest. Millipedes as detritivores significantly affect nutrient cycling through the redistribution of organic material and consequently, the release of biochemical elements such as N, P, K and calcium and reduce the level of...

Impact of Nitrogen and Organic Sources with and without Beneficial Microbes on Wheat Crop

Siddique Ahmad¹*, Basit Ullah¹, Sajid Ali², Ali Zaid¹, Zeeshan Ahmad³, Muhammad Usaid¹, Muhammad Zeeshan¹ and Saif Ullah³

...ion necessary for manure decomposition, while half N was applied at sowing time and half after seven days of sowing with first irrigation. Statistical analysis was done combined over bio-aab. The principle beneficial microorganisms (BM) in bio-aab contain photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. These BM produced useful substances such as amino acids, nucleic acids, lactic acid, bioactive substances, hormones, enzymes and sugars. All these subs...

Study of Maize Residue Decomposition in a Silty Loam Soil of Pakistan: A Comparison of Mulched Versus Incorporated Residue Management Practice

Saman Rizwan and Sohaib Aslam*

...reatment accelerated the decomposition during latter half of the incubation experiment. Thus, the decomposition of residues was affected by their placement in soil and also by their quantity. Our results recommend using crop residues of harvest as mulch as sustainable practice to enhance soil quality while reducing the environmental degradation.

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Isoconversional Thermal Analysis of Cydonia oblonga Mucilage Composite Wound Dressing

Aniqa Nasir¹, Rashid Masih¹, Shazma Massey¹*, Laiba Arshad², Sabi Ur Rehman², Irva Waqar¹ and Anwar Khalid³

...e-exponential factor and decomposition mechanism model was determined by Starink method. The average activation energy of Cydonia oblonga wound dressing with and without drug was 111 kJ mol-1and 103 kJ mol-1 respectively and the pre-exponential factor values are 236751615 s-1 and 49975394 s-1 respectively. The wound dressing shows a distinct behavior of decomposition. Decomposition of woun...

ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF RED SPRANGLETOP (Leptochloa chinensis L.) AGAINST GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Muhammad Sikander Hayyat1*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1, Muhammad Mansoor

Javaid1

...plant leachates and soil-decomposition plant residues towards

emergence and seedling growth of rice. In first experiment, aqueous extracts from various

plant parts of red sprangletop (stem, root, leaves, flower and entire plant) at their 5% (w/v)

concentration were applied to germinating rice seeds. In second experiment, soildecomposed

red sprangletop plant residues of variable concentrations (2, 4 and 6% w/w)

Exploring the Unseen: Novel Microbes and Their Impact on Biogeochemical Cycling

Rawa Abdulkareem Abd

...fixation, organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification and ammonification are expressed. Novel microbes’ capacities for biogeochemical cycling models are explored, including demonstrating increased species refinement, environmental changes influence microbial response prediction, and microbial omics data integration into the models. To sum up, this research has illustrated the need to discover new bacteria in the lift o...

EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN SOURCES AS COMPOSTING STARTER AND DECOMPOSITION OF PARTHENIUM WEED INTO A QUALITY COMPOST

Wiqar Ahmad1*, Sadiq Hussain2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Farmanullah Khan2

...r composting starter and decomposition into a a quality mature compost. Composts treatments were evaluated after each month for physico-chemical properties and the results indicated the highest pH (8.33) and mineral N (10.68 g kg-1) and the lowest bulk density (1.03 g cm-3) for soybean meal whilst the maximum total N (27.68 g kg-1) and P (3.04 g kg-1) for cotton seed meal treated composts. Chicken manure treated compost indicated the highest electrical conduct...