Muhammad Shah Zaman1, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Aish Muhammad1, Khalid Farooq2, Iqbal Hussain1*
...one of the major abiotic constraints that severely affect the productivity of agricultural crops in arid and semiarid regions. In vitro screening of eight potato varieties (Asterix, Cardinal, Challenger, Desiree, Hermis, Kroda, Sh-5 and Sante) was investigated for salt tolerance at 0.0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mM NaCl supplemented with MS medium. Kroda emerged as the most salt tolerant variety with the highest plant height (6.5 cm), number of nodes (8.8), fres...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2
...ultural practices. Major constraints identified were less machinery utilization duration, complication in machinery booking process, costly rental prices, out-dated machinery, preference of progressive farmers, no timely availability of Inputs, unviability of crop specific machinery. It was recommended that MFSC may take initiative to compel private companies to sponsor schemes for low cost inputs. MFSC may take initiative for funds on account of pragmatic tra...
Muhammad Aslam
...e review discusses major constraints, identifies future prospects and makes policy recommendations for enhanced agricultural productivity in Pakistan. The review revealed that in Pakistan, on average current yield of wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane is 2.26, 1.87, 2.88, 1.77 and 48.06 tons per hectare, respectively against 6.80, 4.30, 5.20, 9.20 and 300 tons per hectare potential yield of wheat, cotton, rice, maize and sugarcane, respectively, obtained...
Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3
...y the farmers. The major constraints to farmers while obtaining credit were complicated procedure of pass book preparation, amount less than requirement, unavailability of timely credit and non-availability of collateral. The study recommends amount of loan according to the farmers’ requirements, bank staff cooperation and one window operation to address the problems of farmers while obtaining loan/credit from ZTBL. Such type of credit program ensuring p...
Wali Khan1, Naushad Khan2 and Shaista Naz2*
...and in future. The major constraints in beekeeping were the expensive inputs, pest attack, lack of modern production and rearing techniques, and trainings which can be overcome by a comprehensive program focusing on the provision of low cost inputs, pesticides/insecticides, modern techniques and trainings, and value chain market facilities at the local and regional level. ...
Alan R. Rhoda
...ace limitations and time constraints, I have decided to focus my comments on what he dubs the “Bootstrapping View” in section V of the volume’s introductory essay. The view is a novel proposal for how God might be able to have infallible foreknowledge of the occurrences of causally indeterministic events.
... 
Hassnain Shah, Hina Riaz, Nadeem Akmal , Muhammad Sharif* and Abdul Majid**
...tion is one of the major constraints limiting livestock production in the country. Feed accounts for almost 70% of total cost of production of milk or meat. The trend for concentrate feeding to livestock is changing from the conventional concentrate feeding to a formulated compound feed. Considering the importance of livestock in the livelihood of the people, scarcity of green fodder three feed producing units were provided under Community Action for Livestock...
Muhammad Zubair Anwar, M. Azeem Khan, Ikram Saeed, Akhtar Ali*, Shafique Zahid and Abdul Majid**
SMALL FARMERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING IMPROVED FODDER AND FORAGE VARIETIES: RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY ON FARM RESEARCH
...ystems. The most binding constraints are: persistent nutritional stress, lack of improved fodder varieties and lack of fodder preservation techniques for lean period. To resolve this issue improved fodder varieties and forage species were introduced. About 52 % women were of the view that in rabi season 50% grain yield was increased and 44% said that the increase in dry stalk was about 50%. While in kharif 72% respondents pointed out 55% increase in grain yiel...
Asghar Ali*, Muhammad Tahir**, Shahid Riaz Malik* and Muhammad Hanif Munawwar*
EVALUATION OF PRE AND POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES FOR WEED MANAGEMENT IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.)
...til are one of the major constraints in obtaining maximum yield. The manual weed control is simply not feasible because it is time consuming and costly. The chemical weed control is the effective method of weed management. A field study was conducted to evaluate pre and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in lentil. The experiment comprised eight treatments including three herbicides, manual weeding and check (no weeding). The yield was higher in manual...
Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***
PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...al system, shaped by the constraints and opportunities associated to the area. Effective and successful development projects must include the local perceptions, their approaches and practices, as the locals are the ones most representative of their issues and have the most workable solution to them. The traditional agriculture has completely been clutched into the nexus of modern farming methods, due to which they are being abandoned by the farmers. Modern far...
Sidra Majeed*, Mubbashira Nazir*, Sumia Bint Zaman * and Waqas Farooq*
POTENTIAL OF SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN: A REVIEW
...crutinize the issues and constraints in commercial production of sugar beet. Trends were analyzed using existing published statistics. Water requirement of sugarcane is almost three-fold of the sugar beet. Sugar beet will not put pressure on water resources if cultivated on commercial scale. The government is in favor of beet sugar but sugarcane mill owners are reluctant to encourage sugar beet cultivation due to some technical barrier. Beet growing experiment...
Urooba Pervaiz1, Abdus Salam1, Dawood Jan2, Ayesha Khan1 and Mahmood Iqbal1
Dilshad Ahmad1*, Muhammad Irfan Chani1 and Muhammad Afzal2
...it utilization are major constraints in lowering overall agriculture output. Adequate farmer’s friendly policies and proper legislative measures are necessary for the smooth flow of increasing agriculture output and overcoming financial constraints. ...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Abdul Wasay2, Tariq Ali1,*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Khisrao Kalim1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3, Muhammad Mobashar2, Nazir Ahmad2, Abid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1
...ECM) is one of the major constraints in livestock production system of Pakistan. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of different weaning ages on the growth performance of cattle calves to reduce ECM. Nine calves (Achai crossed Jersey) were randomly distributed into three weaning age groups viz., A = 90, B = 70, and C = 110 days. In group A, calves were fed with whole milk at 10% of live body weight (LBW) for 4-7 days after init...
Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1
...ing was one of the major constraints (mean=2.62). Decrease in soil loss was the main advantage of agro-forestry as perceived by majority of respondents. There was highly significant relationship between educational status, income source and size of land holding and perceived poverty. It was very much easy to predict the poverty status (dependent variable) of respondents through their physical, financial and human assets/capitals (independent variables)
Shaista Naz1*, Noor Paio Khan1, Naveed Afsar2 and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah3
...on (time allocation) and constraints in livestock management have not been properly explored yet. To fill in the gap, the present research study was carried out to determine women’s participation in the types of livestock rearing, their livestock possession, participation in livestock activities, and the major faced constraints in livestock management in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of the country. For this, a sample si...
Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1
...daptation practices, and constraints to various adaption strategies. We found that majority of the farmers do not consider climate change as a potential threat to agriculture; therefore, they do not make any intentional efforts to change their farming practices. However, a few adaptation measures like use of different crop varieties, tree planting, and drip irrigation methods are prevalent in the research area. The major hurdles that farmers perceived in adapt...
Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1
...um in soils are the main constraints in the agriculture ecosystem creating major threats to crop productivity and, hence, affecting socio economic condition of the farming community. Growing of salt tolerant crop genotypes of species on salt affected lands is an effective tool for getting desirable productivity. A two-factor experiment using complete randomized design with three replications in pots having silt loam soil was carried out on April 03, 2016 to ex...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...analyze the problems and constraints faced to rice grower in the study area. The universe of the study was Lower Dir District which consist of seven tehsil while on the basis of more production only two tehsils Balambat and Lalqila were purposively selected The total rice growers number in this district was37557, Balambat 6121 and Lalqila 5167which make total in both tehsils 11228. Through Yamani Formula 100 sample size was fixed and distribute the sample acco...
Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan, Urooba Pervaiz And Mehmood Iqbal
...nsion agents on adoption constraints and the extension methods used by them. All agricultural officers and 40% of field assistants were interviewed making a sample of 81 extension agents; 10 agricultural officers and 71 field assistants. The study results indicate that 77% field assistants were educated up to Matric with two years diploma while 10% agricultural officers had M.Sc. (Hons) degree with the majority of extension agents having job experience of more...
Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5
...is unveiled that most of constraints impeding growers’ benefits were inter-correlated. This implies that resolving one barrier could limit another. This study urges a need to regulate middleman in marketing system through legislation and government should develop systematic marketing channels and support to develop fruits industry or value addition. ...
Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan2
...ies were low due to some constraints in the study area out of which low income of the families and lack of required technical knowledge were of major concerns. The results of t-test indicated that higher maize yield was obtained for the respondents who irrigated their fields using hybrid seed, as well as with the help from extension specialists’ visits and with the adoption of recommended farming practices. It is established that improved farming practic...
Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh3
...-scaled to address water constraints in agriculture sector. ...
Muhammad Shakeel1,2*, Salik Nawaz2, Yasar Saleem3, Shazia Shafique2, Ateeq Tahir2 and Muhammad Riaz2
...o-economic and agronomic constraints associated with adoption of broccoli in Pakistan. Growers and other stakeholders were contacted by personal visits, telephone calls and distribution of the structured questionnaire. Information was collected from Punjab, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK) provinces, Kashmir and Islamabad. A total of 167 farmers and amateurs growers, engaged in the cultivation of high value or medicinal crops were contacted. Out of these...
K. Osei1† , A. I. Adama1 , E. C. Tagoe2 and J. Sackey-Asante1
Biochar effect on nematodes and insects population density, soil improvement and yield of okra
...been implicated as major constraints to okra production (Asare-Bediako et al., 2014b). The attack of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) has been reported as the most serious, widespread and alarming which causes tremendous yield losses (Hussain et al., 2011; Kayani et al., 2013; Barros et al., 2014). Flea beetle (Podagrica spp.) is the most important insect pest of okra in Ghana and Nigeria (Obeng-Ofori & Sackey, 2003; AsareBediako et al., 2014a, Mobol...
Younis Jamal1, Asad Naeem Shah1, Wasif Amin Butt1, Ahmad Naveed1*, Muhammad Usman1
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
...fuel injection and other constraints of compression ignition (CI) engines for the abatement
of exhaust emissions. In current study, a direct injection (DI), CI engine was run on a test bench for the performance
and emission analyses using different nozzles and injection timings. During the experiments, two types of nozzles
known as sac and valve covered orifice (VCO) were used with hemispherical cavity and toroidal cavity pistons,
r...
of exhaust emissions. In current study, a direct injection (DI), CI engine was run on a test bench for the performance
and emission analyses using different nozzles and injection timings. During the experiments, two types of nozzles
known as sac and valve covered orifice (VCO) were used with hemispherical cavity and toroidal cavity pistons,
r...
Ebtisam Mirza1, Nadeem Ehsan1
DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT EXECUTION COMPLEXITY INDEX
...ors of important project constraints i.e. scope, time and cost is still missing. In this research, a
model has been developed to compute PECI (Project Execution Complexity Index) for various categories of projects
considering varying levels of complexity, i.e. PECI(R) for R&D/Technology projects, PECI(I) for Infrastructure development
projects and PECI(O) for Other projects. A complexity scale starting from 0 = least complex to 10=high...
model has been developed to compute PECI (Project Execution Complexity Index) for various categories of projects
considering varying levels of complexity, i.e. PECI(R) for R&D/Technology projects, PECI(I) for Infrastructure development
projects and PECI(O) for Other projects. A complexity scale starting from 0 = least complex to 10=high...
Asif Nawaz1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1, Rehmat Ullah1, Arshad Farooq2 and Abdul Hassan2
Assessment of Weed Management Competency of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...vation were the top most constraints that respondents faced in building the required competencies. Therefore, it is a dire need to provide practical in-service training to the Field Assistants in the identified areas for the adequate acquisition of weeds management competency. Moreover, there is need to minimize the identified constraints so that the Field Assistants could acquire the requisite weed management competency and...
Kemi F. Omotesho*, Adedamola V. Adetayo, Adeniyi F. Akinrinde and Deborah A. Olabode
Challenges to the Adoption of Agricultural Innovations: The Case of Yam Minisett Technology in Kwara State, Nigeria
...-adopters as well as the constraints faced by adopter farmers in its use. The determinants of farmers’ adoption were also investigated. A four-stage sampling procedure was used to select 205 respondents on whom an interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, Probit Regression Analysis and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, were used to analyse data. Result reveals that the farmers were mostly males (71.2%), middle-aged (50.7years...
Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4
Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
...ortation and finally the constraints faced by the borrowers to get the loans from microfinance institutions. The primary data were collected from the 300 borrowers of microfinance institutions especially from Khushhali Bank limited through a well-designed structured questionnaire. The descriptive, inferential statistics, chi square statistics and simple linear regression models were used. The results of the study highlighted that 72.2% of the farmer’s in...
Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*
QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...h
as budgeting constraints, availability of land for more lanes. Whereas automobile growth rate increases each year
putting more burden on our road networks. Transportation planners have used different strategies to reduce traffic
load on road networks such as encouraging the use of public transportation services, carpooling/ sharing, subsidized
bus passes. One such measure is Universal bus Pass (UPass) which has b...
Muhammad Khurram Ali*, Raft Javed Qureshi**, Mirza Jahanzaib***
SELECTING FACILITY LOCATION USING HYBRID METHODOLOGIES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF CEMENT PLANT
...nge of cost and capacity constraints has provided an in depth scenario evaluation which has added value to the degree of reliability and confidence regarding acceptability of results. The paper is a unique contribution for strategic managers of the cem...
Farid Ullah Khan*
ACTUATION ENHANCEMENT OF A MICRO BIMORPH THERMAL ACTUATOR
...onditions. The practical constraints on traditional bimorph materials in extreme operating conditions arise from intrinsic material properties such as yield strength and melting temperature. Under such extreme conditions Si-SS bimorphs perform well, opening up new field applications for this micro device. In order to fabricate the novel Si-Steel bimorph, a generic fabrication sequence is described according to criteria of reproducibility, batch fabri...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1
An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ions. Those farmers have constraints such as little or no access to information for integrated farming system. Strong association was observed between awareness for better farming choices and preferred farming practices that shows Extension intervention is required to encourage farmers choose advanced farming practices like IFS....
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1
An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...ions. Those farmers have constraints such as little or no access to information for integrated farming system. Strong association was observed between awareness for better farming choices and preferred farming practices that shows Extension intervention is required to encourage farmers choose advanced farming practices like IFS....
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
...hange adaptation issues (constraints) and their interactions to help in addressing the native agricultural issues emerging from global climate change. The statistical analysis of the field data supports the assumptions about positive association between climate change awareness and climate change adaptations (R2=44.6, B=.875 and P-value=.000) and negative interaction between climate change awareness and climate change adaptation issues (R2=.318, B=-.707 and P-...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5
Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...utes, training needs and constraints faced by professionals affecting their performances. Collected data were analyzed with the help for SPSS, results revealed that majority of the were included training professionals did not get any training at national/ international level. Moreover, they were facing many constraints, which affect their performance like limited of financial resources and lack of linkage with research. The ...
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3
Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...and identify problems or constraints influencing marketing of soyabean. Data obtained were collected from one hundred and fifty (150) randomly selected soyabeans marketers, using well- structured, well-designed questionnaire. Data obtained were coded, analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, marketing margin, marketing efficiency, Probit model analysis, five point Likert scale and principal component analysis. The resul...
Mehnaz Safdar and Urooba Pervaiz*
Constraints in Accessing Agricultural Extension Services by Rural Women: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...ces of women farmers and constraints they were facing in carrying out agricultural operations, 128 women respondents from each district were randomly selected and interviewed through pre-designed interview schedule in 2018. Results indicated that 47% respondents were in middle age category (31-40 years), 59% were illiterate, 91% women respondents were married and 75% households were headed by male. It was observed that local famers/colleagues were the ma...
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3
Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... out self-perceived main constraints, affecting the efficiency of EFS in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Five districts out of 26 were randomly selected one each from eastern, western, northern, southern, and central districts of the province. At second stage, two tehsils were randomly selected from each selected district for data collection. Data was collected personally through validated and pre-tested questionnaire from all the selected ten te...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
...h area faced a number of constraints inefficient adoption of family farming practices. Out of these constraints “non-availability of female rural development practitioners/workers” was on the top with maximum mean value (4.66/5.00). The study recommended that there is a need to educate female farmers involved in family farming through extension activities to perform their activities effectively and efficiently. T...
Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2
...omen farmers had various constraints out of which Pardah, mobility and lack of information source were ranked on top with Likert score value of 4.12, 4.00 and 3.94, respectively. Due to male dominant society, 62.8% of the decisions were taken by spouse. Results of Chi-square analysis showed a significant association for age and decision making which means with increasing age of the women, their involvement in decision making increases, majority of the rural wo...
Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4
...tudy aims to solve water constraints in today’s agricultural industry, as well as decreasing soil conditions and growing food demand. The primary goal of current research is to find a substitute for conventional farming practices that could conserve water, fertilizer and generate more sustainable food vertically and horizontally. Two treatments were performed, each with two replications. The treatments included hydroponic (soil-less) and geoponic (soil) ...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Philip Akintunde Fatodu1 and Toyin Benedict Ajibade2
...ords; and identified the constraints to farm record keeping. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select 178 youth farmers on whom a structured interview schedule was administered. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Multiple Regression Analysis. Results reveal that most of the respondents were male (73.6%), with mean age of 28 years and average of 12 years farming experience. Farmers’ level of record keeping was low (Me...
Ndumiso Malusi1, Andrew Bamidele Falowo2, Yiseyon Sunday Hosu3,4, Emrobowansan Monday Idamokoro3,4*
...eed resources, marketing constraints and animal health challenges among others. These limiting constraints have in turn negatively affected the potential of communal cattle farmers from exploring both the local and global markets. To upsurge farm practices that can be sustainable and the involvement of cattle production to defeat starvation and financial lack among poor-resourced areas and in the nation at large, there is ne...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...ere reported among major constraints in exploiting the genetic worth of Kashmir Merino sheep. However, owing to the high production potential of this breed, its conservation, and selective breeding are highly recommended and there is a need for further research to understand the potential of this breed more comprehensively.
Keywords | Kashmir Merino, Sheep, Growth, Performance, Reproduction
...
Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Inam-ul-Haq1 and Azeem Khalid2
...bed to legions of biotic constraints. Among biotic restraints, root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are economically very important and cause losses to the tune of $ 125 billion per year throughout the world. The present studies were aimed to evaluate 21 eggplant genotypes against the most destructive nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, under greenhouse conditions. Of all the genotypes/varieties of eggplant, Janak and Pala were found resistant and moderately res...
Jawad Abdullah Butt1*, Yasmin Nergis1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Mughal Sharif1
...is of Thar Coal. Kinetic constraints (frequency factor and activation energy) were gained by curve-fitting the investigational data. For electricity generation, the utilization of Thar coal assets is not limited to their burning, but additional steps must be taken to utilize the tools to reduce the pollution volume of coal and its harmful impacts on the environment. Innovative tools with advanced efficacy and fewer environmental impacts are essential to handle...
Olufemi Bolarin, Sijuade Adebukola Adebayo and Sola Emmanuel Komolafe*
...echnologies were serious constraints encountered by yam farmers. The study recommends that government in collaboration with development agencies should intensify effort in creating awareness to farmers on the several ways of building resilience to mitigate the menace of negative influence of climate change.
...
Onwusiribe Ndubuisi Chigozirim*, Okpokiri Chibuzo Ikechukwu, Agu-Aguiyi Fortune Nneka and Oteh Ogbonnaya Ukeh
...smart practices, and the constraints faced by the farmers in adoption and use of the climate-smart practices. A multistage sampling technique was applied in choosing the 270 smallholder farmers in the studied area. Focused group discussions, interview sessions and surveys were used to obtain the required data. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the socio-economic stat...
Sajjad Khan, Fahad Karim Awan*, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani, Muhammad Usama Hameed, Allah Bakhsh and Kainat Bibi
... liable to environmental constraints, mainly salt and water stress due to their elevated degree of impression and non-availability of salt and drought tolerant oat cultivars. For the purpose in-vitro study was conducted at NARC fodder laboratory to study the response of two oat cultivars namely NARC and PARC Oat against drought and salinity stress. Salt concentration of 80 mmolLˉ¹ showed non-significant effect on germination % and shoot length of both oa...
Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan
...d to bitter-gourd. Major constraints faced by farmers in tunnel cultivation were high cost of installation and inputs, unavailability of certified seed, fertilizers and pesticides, lack of technical knowledge, lack of cold storage, high cost of transportation, pest and disease attack, defective marketing and lack of credit facility. The study recommends that farmers should be encouraged and facilitated to adopt tunnel farming technology as it is the best metho...
Ahmed Abdul Gafar
...lizer has been the major constraints to production. More so, most farmers were only able to sell 1-20% of their paddy rice during the period. Evidence suggest that majority of the rice farmers remain optimistic despite the disruption caused by COVID-19 as over half of the farmers (61%) experienced moderate price of their produce compared to pre-COVID-19 period, 31% were offered higher while only 8% of the farmers reported lower prices. Other interesting findin...
Hira Anwar1, Muhammad Jabran1,3, Anam Moosa2, Usman Arshad2, Abdul Haseeb1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Burhan4, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed5 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1*
...ood] is one of the major constraints to okra production. In this study, the effect of different bacterial strains i.e., Bacillus sp. MN54, Enterobacter sp. MN17 and Burkholderia. phytofirmans PsJN alone and in different combinations was assessed on plant growth promotion and inhibition of M. incognita infection on okra in a greenhouse experiment under completely randomized design (CRD). The results revealed that application of Enterobacter sp. MN17 significant...
Shaista Naz1*, Muhammad Arif2 and Akhtar Ali3
... cultural, and religious constraints. The study identified various determinants of women’s participation in livestock like herd size, size of landholding, family type, educational status of the respondents, and household head as the negative and significant ones, while livestock rearing experience, extension contact, access to credit, age of the respondent, and farm income were the positive and significant ones. Concluding, the literature shows the consi...
Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2
...dentified certain market constraints that were responsible for low earning from NTFPs. These were lack of road infrastructure, communication, storage and market facilities, no information about product price, negative role of middleman and informal money lending process. Based on these findings this study made following recommendations. Road, communication and storage facilities should be built in the study areas. Villager’s access to information about c...
Faustin Dokui1*, Frédéric M. Houndonougbo1, Service G. Djidda1, Venant P. Houndonougbo1, Edith Gangbedji1, Gwladys Menon Agbo2, Sedjro Ludolphe Dedome2, Séverin Babatoundé1, Soumanou Seibou Toleba1, Christophe A.A.M. Chrysostome1
...Feed is one of the main constraints affecting milk production and its economic return. The present study aimed to examine the efficiency of the supply of cows with feed supplements using locally available ingredients. Three lick stones were made and tested on 16 Borgou cows in the central part of Benin, West Africa. All test animals had similar initial milk yield, lactation number and body weight. They were divided into four groups of four animals and each g...
Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga
...the farms as well as the constraints related to levels of adoption. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the relative frequencies of categorical variables. The Biosecurity Index Score (%) as a measure of adoption level was computed using 44 Biosecurity Control Indicators. The results revealed that women (74.4%) were more represented in broiler production than men (25.6%). The respondents had received either formal training (education from primary to u...
Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4
...appeared to be the major constraints for sustainable agriculture in the district and must be kept in mind while taking soil fertility and fertilizer management decisions, by referring to the recently developed maps....
Lawrence Olusola Oparinde1*, Adewale Isaac Olutumise2,3 and Ademola Adegoroye4
...than female ones. Credit constraints, experience and education had the highest contributions to inequality among male farmers, while education and credit constraints had the highest contributions among their female counterparts. Therefore, policy measures targeted at promoting the acceptance of agroforestry technology, especially among female crop farmers, should be applied....
Aishat Adetola Anifowose*, Nkechi Betsy Izuogu and Benoit Katchitche Sossou
...justify;">To address the constraints posed by root-knot nematodes (RKN) and hazards of chemical nematicides in sweet potato production, effective microorganisms (EM) and compost manure were applied singly and in combination on two varieties of sweet potato under field and -screenhouse conditions. The trials were 2x5 (screenhouse) and 2x4 (field) factorial experiments fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD), respectively, and the field was natural...
Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Amjad Ali1, Muhammad Tahir1, Samreen Nazeer2*, Muhammad Zubair Akram3*, Muhammad Arslan Azmat1 and Sabina Asghar4
...e of the foremost biotic constraints in the region, making it a prominent and recurring issue for agriculture and crop management. This study investigated the response of fourteen different wheat plant varieties to root knot nematode and their impact on plant growth parameters. Impact of morphological plant characters on galling population and egg mass index was assessed. Results revealed that Ujala-16 yielded best crop stands with plant height (92.79 cm), roo...
M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2
... of the farms, and their constraints. Data were collected through a retrospective survey from 102 farms in four agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of northern Benin: the far northern zone of Benin (FNZB), the cotton zone of northern Benin (CZNB), the food-producing zone of southern Borgou (FZSB), and the West Atacora zone (WAZ). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC) identified three groups of goose farmers. Group 1 was com...
Babi Kyi Soe1*, Toe Win Naing2, Su Lai Yee Mon1, Nay Chi Nway3, Hiroshi Sato4
...mers with major economic constraints and eventually threaten human health in cases of zoonotic species involvement. Therefore, our study aimed to identify Anaplasma spp. infection in a bovine host using both microscopy and molecular techniques. A total of 59 samples were collected from Mingaladon township, Yangon region, and the presence of infection was assessed using a Giemsa-stained thin blood smear and PCR of 16S rRNA gene amplification. Both microscopic a...
Feri Eko Hermanto1, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas1, Filoza Marwi1, Fajar Shodiq Permata2, Agus Susilo1, Muhammad Halim Natsir1*
...od absorption. Given the constraints on antibiotic use in industrial settings, there is a growing interest in natural-derived products as potential enhancers of intestinal health through immune system modulation. Teak Leaves, Turmeric, and Ginger have emerged as promising feed additives for fortifying the mucosal immune system in broiler chickens. However, understanding how these herbs confer protective effects remains challenging, given the intricate nature o...
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...ne of the most important constraints to the sustainable growth of the poultry industry in Bangladesh. Among these diseases, Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most threats and possess a continuous risk to the sustainable development of this growing sector. The present study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reportin...
Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4
...ne of the most important constraints to the sustainable growth of the poultry industry in Bangladesh. Among these diseases, Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most threats and possess a continuous risk to the sustainable development of this growing sector. The present study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reportin...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
I. Mukhtar, R. Bajwa and G. Nasim
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
... influencing factors and constraints in the socio economic uplift of the rural communities. A random sampling procedure was adopted to select the five villages per division to collect the relevant data from 50 respondents, according to the pre tested structured questionnaire.
The average household size in the study area was 6 persons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% with religious education. The study revealed th...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Abid Hussain
...termine the benefits and constraints of raising Hurrie plantation in the three Union Councils; Seri, Hatri and Masoo Bhurgri of Hyderabad district. Among 24 respondents 21% farmers have 1-5 acres of Hurrie plantation, 13% have 6-10 acres, 29% have 10-16 acres and 37% have more than 16 acres. The results show that 58.3% farmers raised hurrie by themselves and 41.7% grow through tenants. The cost for raising hurrie varied from 7000/acre/rotation (15% respondents...
Amjad Ali Ch., Javaid Ahsan, Tariq Mehmood, Shahzad Fazal, Punjab Forestry Research Institute, Faisalabad and Nowsherwan Zarif
...st Department. The major constraints regarding range development efforts were lack of funds, and interest of range personnel working in the field. Other constraints were half hearted implementation of existing range management regulation and inadequate research. ...
S. M. Rafique
...elands, their management constraints and scope of range vegetation evaluation. The results of a case study on Lachi rangelands indicated that the area was rich in plant bio-diversity and there were 36 plant species. Out of it 18 were grass/grazing species, 2 forb species, 10 shrub species and 6 tree species. The bio-mass production was 752 kg (AD)/ha which was quite low. The study further indicated that range condition was poor to fair and the range trend was ...
Ahmed Zamir, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Waseem Ullah and Rizwan Ullah
...estry and determined the constraints in way of tree planting on farmlands. The results showed that about 70% of the farmers predicted the advantage of the tree planting as being the source of fuel wood and tobacco kilns. They further perceived the role of tree planting as; 50%, 40%, 30% role in shade, income and other environmental benefits respectively. It was observed that educated farmers favored tree farming as compared to the less educated one. Further fa...
Mohammad Ayaz
...
technical and economic constraints in it's utilization
as a raw-material for pulp and paper....
Malik Muhammad Khan and David R. Betters
...ties under
typical farm constraints and requirements. In the case
study, the result show that applying agroforestry
practices can increase overall farm production and
income. Applying the economic analyses approach
discussed here coupled with sound policy and extension
activities should help promote the acceptance of
agroforestry....
Sardar Muhammad Sarwar Khan
...Despite
varied types of constraints, the state government made modest efforts to develop this
industry in the liberated area in the beginning. However, a marked development in this
field has been witnessed during last decade. In the beginning the cocoons production was
confined to boundary areas only. Later on policy was changed by introducing silkworm
rearing in the specified area of Kotli District. The results were very encouraging
therefore, the deve...
K. M. Siddiqui
...raining
facilities and constraints in processing and marketing of silk cocoons and raw silk. The
prices of cocoons also fluctuate considerably from year to year, thus adversely affecting
economic returns to the farmers....
M.I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...he present situation and constraints
of forestry and Range Management in the district of
Chitral, and offers suggestions for improvement. The
composition, functions and exploitation situation of the
forests along with remedial measures are described. The
demands of local people on the forests, status of
demarcation and settlement of rights, damage being cone
to the forests, are given. The objectives of management
of these forests and the proposed means...
Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10
...nnel are the significant constraints found in the current study. These constraints can be resolved by creating a new marketing channel, enhancing export, minimizing on-season product wastage, processing food and encouraging private investment in the industry. This article recommends a new marketing chain that combines several alternative methods such as food processing, exporting to other countries, and involvement of GOs-NG...
Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5
Olagbaju Olawole1, 2, Ayoola Mathew*1, Lawal Tunde1, Olorunleke Solomon3, Oladejo Opeyemi1, Oguntunji Abel1 , Alabi Olufemi1 , Aderemi Foluke1, Ajayi Abimbola1
...stify;">One of the major constraints to good reproductive performance in West African dwarf (WAD) goats is low estrus detection, this study investigates the use of vaginal electrical resistance (VER) as estrus detection in WAD goats. Thirty-six (36) WAD does were randomly divided into two synchronization protocols and a control; Group 1 was the control without hormonal treatment, Group 2, was administered with double prostaglandin, and Group 3 Ovsynch protocol...
Mehak Muhammad Ashfaq1*, Aqsa Naeem Chawla1, Muhammad Umaid Ali1 and Adnan Ahmed Bhutto2
...theless, due to research constraints and confounding variables such as study design, population size, and usage of various chocolate product types, dosages, and contents, additional large-scale human experiments are required to validate and advocate the chocolate diet. An increasing amount of research shows the beneficial effects of dark chocolate high in flavonoids, particularly on cardiac arrest, hypertension, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammati...
Muhammad Luqman1,*, Aqsa Ashraf 1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Anwar Saeed2 and Rizwan Ahmad3
...ings distinguished a few constraints in getting to agricultural knowledge, featuring the need to upgrade knowledge providers, fortify linkages among establishments, and give skill-based training. The research underscores the meaning of creating Agricultural Information Resource Focuses with general media resources and emphasizes the significance of training agricultural information providers in taking care of and transferring knowledge successfully. Reinforcin...
Fazli Amin1*, Amjad Usman1, Maqsood Shah¹ and Sarzamin Khan²
...ry. However, due to cost constraints, these methods may not always be feasible, and alternative nutritional strategies can be followed, including the use of balancing of nutrients. One such nutritional strategy for reducing stress is the incorporation of Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) as a feed additive. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the impact of T. molitor as a feed supplement on the performance, immunity, and economics of heat-stressed broi...
